Js基础到精通全面教程--JS教程

适合阅读范围：对JavaScript一无所知～离精通只差一步之遥的人
基础知识：HTML

前面的数字代表行号


JavaScript就这么回事1：基础知识  

1 创建脚本块

 <script language="JavaScript">
 JavaScript code goes here
 </script>  



2 隐藏脚本代码

 <script language="JavaScript">
 <!--
 document.write("Hello");
 // -->
 </script>  


在不支持JavaScript的浏览器中将不执行相关代码

3 浏览器不支持的时候显示

 <noscript>
 Hello to the non-JavaScript browser.
 </noscript>  



4 链接外部脚本文件

 <script language="JavaScript" src="filename.js"></script>  


5 注释脚本

 // This is a comment
 document.write("Hello"); // This is a comment
 /*
 All of this
 is a comment
 */  



6 输出到浏览器

 document.write("<strong>Hello</strong>");  



7 定义变量

 var myVariable = "some value";  



8 字符串相加

 var myString = "String1" + "String2";  



9 字符串搜索

 <script language="JavaScript">
 <!--
 var myVariable = "Hello there";
 var therePlace = myVariable.search("there");
 document.write(therePlace);
 // -->
 </script>  



10 字符串替换

 thisVar.replace("Monday","Friday");  


11 格式化字串

 <script language="JavaScript">
 <!--
 var myVariable = "Hello there";
 document.write(myVariable.big() + "<br>");
 document.write(myVariable.blink() + "<br>");
 document.write(myVariable.bold() + "<br>");
 document.write(myVariable.fixed() + "<br>");
 document.write(myVariable.fontcolor("red") + "<br>");
 document.write(myVariable.fontsize("18pt") + "<br>");
 document.write(myVariable.italics() + "<br>");
 document.write(myVariable.small() + "<br>");
 document.write(myVariable.strike() + "<br>");
 document.write(myVariable.sub() + "<br>");
 document.write(myVariable.sup() + "<br>");
 document.write(myVariable.toLowerCase() + "<br>");
 document.write(myVariable.toUpperCase() + "<br>");
 
 var firstString = "My String";
 var finalString = firstString.bold().toLowerCase().fontcolor("red");
 // -->
 </script>  



12 创建数组

 <script language="JavaScript">
 <!--
 var myArray = new Array(5);
 myArray[0] = "First Entry";
 myArray[1] = "Second Entry";
 myArray[2] = "Third Entry";
 myArray[3] = "Fourth Entry";
 myArray[4] = "Fifth Entry";
 var anotherArray = new Array("First Entry","Second Entry","Third Entry","Fourth Entry","Fifth Entry");
 // -->
 </script>  



13 数组排序

 <script language="JavaScript">
 <!--
 var myArray = new Array(5);
 myArray[0] = "z";
 myArray[1] = "c";
 myArray[2] = "d";
 myArray[3] = "a";
 myArray[4] = "q";
 document.write(myArray.sort());
 // -->
 </script>  



14 分割字符串

 <script language="JavaScript">
 <!--
 var myVariable = "a,b,c,d";
 var stringArray = myVariable.split(",");
 document.write(stringArray[0]);
 document.write(stringArray[1]);
 document.write(stringArray[2]);
 document.write(stringArray[3]);
 // -->
 </script>  



15 弹出警告信息

 <script language="JavaScript">
 <!--
 window.alert("Hello");
 // -->
 </script>  



16 弹出确认框

 <script language="JavaScript">
 <!--
 var result = window.confirm("Click OK to continue");
 // -->
 </script>  



17 定义函数

 <script language="JavaScript">
 <!--
 function multiple(number1,number2) {  
 var result = number1 * number2;
 return result;
 }
 // -->
 </script>  



18 调用JS函数

 <a href="#" onClick="functionName()">Link text</a>
 <a href="________javascript:functionName"()">Link text</a>  



19 在页面加载完成后执行函数

 <body onLoad="functionName();">
 Body of the page
 </body>  


20 条件判断

 <script>
 <!--
 var userChoice = window.confirm("Choose OK or Cancel");
 var result = (userChoice == true) ? "OK" : "Cancel";
 document.write(result);
 // -->
 </script>  



21 指定次数循环

 <script>
 <!--
 var myArray = new Array(3);
 myArray[0] = "Item 0";
 myArray[1] = "Item 1";
 myArray[2] = "Item 2";
 for (i = 0; i < myArray.length; i++) {  
 document.write(myArray[i] + "<br>");
 }
 // -->
 </script>  



22 设定将来执行

 <script>
 <!--
 function hello() {  
 window.alert("Hello");
 }
 window.setTimeout("hello()",5000);
 // -->
 </script>  



23 定时执行函数

 <script>
 <!--
 function hello() {  
 window.alert("Hello");
 window.setTimeout("hello()",5000);
 }
 window.setTimeout("hello()",5000);
 // -->
 </script>  



24 取消定时执行

 <script>
 <!--
 function hello() {  
 window.alert("Hello");
 }
 var myTimeout = window.setTimeout("hello()",5000);
 window.clearTimeout(myTimeout);
 // -->
 </script>  




JavaScript就这么回事2：浏览器输出  


26 访问document对象

 <script language="JavaScript">
 var myURL = document.URL;
 window.alert(myURL);
 </script>  



27 动态输出HTML

 <script language="JavaScript">
 document.write("<p>Here's some information about this document:</p>");
 document.write("<ul>");
 document.write("<li>Referring Document: " + document.referrer + "</li>");
 document.write("<li>Domain: " + document.domain + "</li>");
 document.write("<li>URL: " + document.URL + "</li>");
 document.write("</ul>");
 </script>  


28 输出换行

 document.writeln("<strong>a</strong>");
 document.writeln("b");  



29 输出日期

 <script language="JavaScript">
 var thisDate = new Date();
 document.write(thisDate.toString());
 </script>  



30 指定日期的时区

 <script language="JavaScript">
 var myOffset = -2;
 var currentDate = new Date();
 var userOffset = currentDate.getTimezoneOffset()/60;
 var timeZoneDifference = userOffset - myOffset;
 currentDate.setHours(currentDate.getHours() + timeZoneDifference);
 document.write("The time and date in Central Europe is: " + currentDate.toLocaleString());
 </script>  


31 设置日期输出格式

 <script language="JavaScript">
 var thisDate = new Date();
 var thisTimeString = thisDate.getHours() + ":" + thisDate.getMinutes();
 var thisDateString = thisDate.getFullYear() + " + thisDate.getMonth() + " + thisDate.getDate();
 document.write(thisTimeString + " on " + thisDateString);
 </script>  


32 读取URL参数

 <script language="JavaScript">
 var urlParts = document.URL.split("?");
 var parameterParts = urlParts[1].split("&");
 for (i = 0; i < parameterParts.length; i++) {  
 var pairParts = parameterParts[i].split("=");
 var pairName = pairParts[0];
 var pairValue = pairParts[1];
 document.write(pairName + " ：" +pairValue );
 }
 </script>  

你还以为HTML是无状态的么？

33 打开一个新的document对象

 <script language="JavaScript">
 function newDocument() {  
 document.open();
 document.write("<p>This is a New Document.</p>");
 document.close();
 }
 </script>  



34 页面跳转

 <script language="JavaScript">
 window.location = "http://www.liu21st.com/";
 </script>  



35 添加网页加载进度窗口

 <html>
 <head>
 <script language='javaScript'>
 var placeHolder = window.open('holder.html','placeholder','width=200,height=200');
 </script>
 <title>The Main Page</title>
 </head>
 <body onLoad='placeHolder.close()'>
 <p>This is the main page</p>
 </body>
 </html>  



JavaScript就这么回事3：图像  



36 读取图像属性

 <img src="image1.jpg" name="myImage">
 <a href="# " onClick="window.alert(document.myImage.width)">Width</a>
 


37 动态加载图像

 <script language="JavaScript">
 myImage = new Image;
 myImage.src = "Tellers1.jpg";
 </script>  


38 简单的图像替换

 <script language="JavaScript">
 rollImage = new Image;
 rollImage.src = "rollImage1.jpg";
 defaultImage = new Image;
 defaultImage.src = "image1.jpg";
 </script>
 <a href="myUrl" onMouseOver="document.myImage.src = rollImage.src;"
 onMouseOut="document.myImage.src = defaultImage.src;">
 <img src="image1.jpg" name="myImage" width=100 height=100 border=0>  


39 随机显示图像

 <script language="JavaScript">
 var imageList = new Array;
 imageList[0] = "image1.jpg";
 imageList[1] = "image2.jpg";
 imageList[2] = "image3.jpg";
 imageList[3] = "image4.jpg";
 var imageChoice = Math.floor(Math.random() * imageList.length);
 document.write('<img src="' + imageList[imageChoice] + '">');
 </script>  


40 函数实现的图像替换

 <script language="JavaScript">
 var source = 0;
 var replacement = 1;
 function createRollOver(originalImage,replacementImage) {  
 var imageArray = new Array;
 imageArray[source] = new Image;
 imageArray[source].src = originalImage;
 imageArray[replacement] = new Image;
 imageArray[replacement].src = replacementImage;
 return imageArray;
 }
 var rollImage1 = createRollOver("image1.jpg","rollImage1.jpg");
 </script>
 <a href="#" onMouseOver="document.myImage1.src = rollImage1[replacement].src;"
 onMouseOut="document.myImage1.src = rollImage1[source].src;">
 <img src="image1.jpg" width=100 name="myImage1" border=0>
 </a>  


41 创建幻灯片

 <script language="JavaScript">
 var imageList = new Array;
 imageList[0] = new Image;
 imageList[0].src = "image1.jpg";
 imageList[1] = new Image;
 imageList[1].src = "image2.jpg";
 imageList[2] = new Image;
 imageList[2].src = "image3.jpg";
 imageList[3] = new Image;
 imageList[3].src = "image4.jpg";
 function slideShow(imageNumber) {  
 document.slideShow.src = imageList[imageNumber].src;
 imageNumber += 1;
 if (imageNumber < imageList.length) {  
 window.setTimeout("slideShow(" + imageNumber + ")",3000);
 }
 }
 </script>
 </head>
 <body onLoad="slideShow(0)">
 <img src="image1.jpg" width=100 name="slideShow">  


42 随机广告图片

 <script language="JavaScript">
 var imageList = new Array;
 imageList[0] = "image1.jpg";
 imageList[1] = "image2.jpg";
 imageList[2] = "image3.jpg";
 imageList[3] = "image4.jpg";
 var urlList = new Array;
 urlList[0] = "http://some.host/";
 urlList[1] = "http://another.host/";
 urlList[2] = "http://somewhere.else/";
 urlList[3] = "http://right.here/";
 var imageChoice = Math.floor(Math.random() * imageList.length);
 document.write('<a href="' + urlList[imageChoice] + '"><img src="' + imageList[imageChoice] + '"></a>');
 </script>  

JavaScript就这么回事4：表单  


还是先继续写完JS就这么回事系列吧～
43 表单构成

 <form method="post" action="target.html" name="thisForm">
 <input type="text" name="myText">
 <select name="mySelect">
 <option value="1">First Choice</option>
 <option value="2">Second Choice</option>
 </select>
 <br>
 <input type="submit" value="Submit Me">
 </form>  


44 访问表单中的文本框内容

 <form name="myForm">
 <input type="text" name="myText">
 </form>
 <a href='#' onClick='window.alert(document.myForm.myText.value);'>Check Text Field</a>  


45 动态复制文本框内容

 <form name="myForm">
 Enter some Text: <input type="text" name="myText"><br>
 Copy Text: <input type="text" name="copyText">
 </form>
 <a href="#" onClick="document.myForm.copyText.value =
 document.myForm.myText.value;">Copy Text Field</a>  


46 侦测文本框的变化

 <form name="myForm">
 Enter some Text: <input type="text" name="myText" onChange="alert(this.value);">
 </form>  


47 访问选中的Select

 <form name="myForm">
 <select name="mySelect">
 <option value="First Choice">1</option>
 <option value="Second Choice">2</option>
 <option value="Third Choice">3</option>
 </select>
 </form>
 <a href='#' onClick='alert(document.myForm.mySelect.value);'>Check Selection List</a>  


48 动态增加Select项

 <form name="myForm">
 <select name="mySelect">
 <option value="First Choice">1</option>
 <option value="Second Choice">2</option>
 </select>
 </form>
 <script language="JavaScript">
 document.myForm.mySelect.length++;
 document.myForm.mySelect.options[document.myForm.mySelect.length - 1].text = "3";
 document.myForm.mySelect.options[document.myForm.mySelect.length - 1].value = "Third Choice";
 </script>  


49 验证表单字段

 <script language="JavaScript">
 function checkField(field) {  
 if (field.value == ") {  
 window.alert("You must enter a value in the field");
 field.focus();
 }
 }
 </script>
 <form name="myForm" action="target.html">
 Text Field: <input type="text" name="myField"onBlur="checkField(this)">
 <br><input type="submit">
 </form>  


50 验证Select项

 function checkList(selection) {  
 if (selection.length == 0) {  
 window.alert("You must make a selection from the list.");
 return false;
 }
 return true;
 }  


51 动态改变表单的action

 <form name="myForm" action="login.html">
 Username: <input type="text" name="username"><br>
 Password: <input type="password" name="password"><br>
 <input type="button" value="Login" onClick="this.form.submit();">
 <input type="button" value="Register" onClick="this.form.action = 'register.html'; this.form.submit();">
 <input type="button" value="Retrieve Password" onClick="this.form.action = 'password.html'; this.form.submit();">
 </form>  


52 使用图像按钮

 <form name="myForm" action="login.html">
 Username: <input type="text" name="username"><br>
 Password: <input type="password"name="password"><br>
 <input type="image" src="login.gif" value="Login">
 </form>
 


53 表单数据的加密

 <SCRIPT LANGUAGE='JavaScript'>
 <!--
 function encrypt(item) {  
 var newItem = '';
 for (i=0; i < item.length; i++) {  
 newItem += item.charCodeAt(i) + '.';
 }
 return newItem;
 }
 function encryptForm(myForm) {  
 for (i=0; i < myForm.elements.length; i++) {  
 myForm.elements[i].value = encrypt(myForm.elements[i].value);
 }
 }
 
 //-->
 </SCRIPT>
 <form name='myForm' onSubmit='encryptForm(this); window.alert(this.myField.value);'>
 Enter Some Text: <input type=text name=myField><input type=submit>
 </form>  




JavaScript就这么回事5：窗口和框架  


54 改变浏览器状态栏文字提示

 <script language="JavaScript">
 window.status = "A new status message";
 </script>  


55 弹出确认提示框

 <script language="JavaScript">
 var userChoice = window.confirm("Click OK or Cancel");
 if (userChoice) {  
 document.write("You chose OK");
 } else {  
 document.write("You chose Cancel");
 }
 </script>  


56 提示输入

 <script language="JavaScript">
 var userName = window.prompt("Please Enter Your Name","Enter Your Name Here");
 document.write("Your Name is " + userName);
 </script>  


57 打开一个新窗口

 //打开一个名称为myNewWindow的浏览器新窗口
 <script language="JavaScript">
 window.open("http://www.liu21st.com/","myNewWindow");
 </script>  


58 设置新窗口的大小

 <script language="JavaScript">
 window.open("http://www.liu21st.com/","myNewWindow",'height=300,width=300');
 </script>  


59 设置新窗口的位置

 <script language="JavaScript">
 window.open("http://www.liu21st.com/","myNewWindow",'height=300,width=300,left=200,screenX=200,top=100,screenY=100');
 </script>  


60 是否显示工具栏和滚动栏

 <script language="JavaScript">
 window.open("http:  


61 是否可以缩放新窗口的大小

 <script language="JavaScript">
 window.open('http://www.liu21st.com/' , 'myNewWindow', 'resizable=yes' );</script>  


62 加载一个新的文档到当前窗口

 <a href='#' onClick='document.location = '125a.html';' >Open New Document</a>  


63 设置页面的滚动位置

 <script language="JavaScript">
 if (document.all) { //如果是IE浏览器则使用scrollTop属性
 document.body.scrollTop = 200;
 } else { //如果是NetScape浏览器则使用pageYOffset属性
 window.pageYOffset = 200;
 }</script>  


64 在IE中打开全屏窗口

 <a href='#' onClick="window.open('http://www.juxta.com/','newWindow','fullScreen=yes');">Open a full-screen window</a>  


65 新窗口和父窗口的操作

 <script language="JavaScript">
 //定义新窗口
 var newWindow = window.open("128a.html","newWindow");
 newWindow.close(); //在父窗口中关闭打开的新窗口
 </script>
 在新窗口中关闭父窗口
 window.opener.close()  


66 往新窗口中写内容

 <script language="JavaScript">
 var newWindow = window.open(","newWindow");
 newWindow.document.open();
 newWindow.document.write("This is a new window");
 newWIndow.document.close();
 </script>  


67 加载页面到框架页面

 <frameset cols="50%,*">
 <frame name="frame1" src="135a.html">
 <frame name="frame2" src="about:blank">
 </frameset>
 在frame1中加载frame2中的页面
 parent.frame2.document.location = "135b.html";  


68 在框架页面之间共享脚本
如果在frame1中html文件中有个脚本

 function doAlert() {  
 window.alert("Frame 1 is loaded");
 }  

那么在frame2中可以如此调用该方法

 <body onLoad="parent.frame1.doAlert();">
 This is frame 2.
 </body>  


69 数据公用
可以在框架页面定义数据项，使得该数据可以被多个框架中的页面公用

 <script language="JavaScript">
 var persistentVariable = "This is a persistent value";
 </script>
 <frameset cols="50%,*">
 <frame name="frame1" src="138a.html">
 <frame name="frame2" src="138b.html">
 </frameset>  


这样在frame1和frame2中都可以使用变量persistentVariable  
70 框架代码库
根据以上的一些思路，我们可以使用一个隐藏的框架页面来作为整个框架集的代码库

 <frameset cols="0,50%,*">
 <frame name="codeFrame" src="140code.html">
 <frame name="frame1" src="140a.html">
 <frame name="frame2" src="140b.html">
 </frameset>