《Java是如何快速煮成C#的？》（二）：数据访问(1)

在上两篇《 Java是如何快速煮成C#的？》（一）：相似的方法 和《Java是如何快速煮成C#的？》（一）：相似的方法(2) 中，我们开启了C#与Java中的话题之一:相似的方法。其实我写主这两篇文章的目的，有两个：
1、总结自己的学习历程，这个是主要的。
2、给c#转入java的同学一个快速熟悉的感觉，所以这个系列的名称也是“快速煮成”。
因为我对这两门语言仅限了解，对c#也仅限于熟悉，如有理解不妥之处，请指正。
今天我们看看这两种语言环境下纯粹的数据访问。
首先我再次声明：
1、本文不比较这两种语言的数据访问的性能差异。
2、本文不涉及各自的OR框架 ， 如C#的ADO.NET Entity Framework,MVC,Nhibernate,spring.net，以及Java领域的Spring/Hibernate/Struts等第三方框架,只是纯粹的数据访问 。
3、数据库采用MS SQL server 2008,其实也可以用mySQL,MySQL提供官方支持。oracle平时很少用,DB2没用过。
准备工作：一个用于测试的部门表DepartDemo,表结构如下：
 
相关的SQL语句：
Create database Db2010Demo go use Db2010Demo go if exists (select 1 from sysobjects where id = object_id('DepartDemo') and type = 'U') drop table DepartDemo go /*==============================================================*/ /* Table: DepartDemo */ /*==============================================================*/ create table DepartDemo ( PKID int identity(101,1), DName nvarchar(200) null, DCode nvarchar(500) null, Manager nvarchar(50) null, ParentID int null default 0, AddUser nvarchar(50) null, AddTime datetime null, ModUser nvarchar(50) null, ModTime datetime null, CurState smallint not null default 0, Remark nvarchar(500) null, F1 int not null default 0, F2 nvarchar(300) null, constraint PK_DEPARTDEMO primary key (PKID) ) go --插入一条测试数据 insert into DepartDemo select '国家统计局房产审计一科','0','胡不归',0,'DeomUser',getdate(), '','1900-01-01',1,'专业评估全国房价，为老百姓谋福祉',0,'' --创建一个存储过程，在C#程序中用到 IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM dbo.sysobjects WHERE id = object_id(N'[dbo].[DepartDemoSelectByPKID]') AND type='P') DROP PROCEDURE [dbo].[DepartDemoSelectByPKID] GO CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[DepartDemoSelectByPKID] ( @Pkid int ) AS BEGIN TRAN Select * From [DepartDemo] Where [Pkid]=@Pkid IF @@ERROR!=0 BEGIN ROLLBACK END ELSE BEGIN COMMIT END GO

一、我们看看C#环境下一个数据访问的简单例子。

在vs2010中新建一控制台项目，结构如下：

相应的代码,

基础数据层：

Database.cs:

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Text; using System.Data; using System.Data.SqlClient; namespace demo2010.database { public class DataBase { private static string connectionString = System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["GlobalsConnString"]; public static string ConnectionString { get { return connectionString; } set { connectionString = value; } } #region Helpers internal protected static IDataReader GetReader(string commandText, SqlParameter[] p) { return SqlHelper.ExecuteReader(ConnectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, commandText, p); } internal protected static IDataReader GetReader(string commandText) { return SqlHelper.ExecuteReader(ConnectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, commandText); } internal protected static int NonQueryInt(string commandText, SqlParameter[] p) { return SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(ConnectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, commandText, p); } internal protected static bool NonQueryBool(string commandText, SqlParameter[] p) { return NonQueryInt(commandText, p) > 0; } internal protected void RunSql(string commandText) { SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(ConnectionString, CommandType.Text, commandText); } public static void ExecuteSQL(string commandText) { SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(ConnectionString, CommandType.Text, commandText); } public static DataTable GetDataTable(string commandText) { return SqlHelper.ExecuteDataTable(ConnectionString, CommandType.Text, commandText); } public static DataTable GetDataTable(string commandText, CommandType commandType) { return SqlHelper.ExecuteDataTable(ConnectionString, commandType, commandText); } internal protected static string ReturnString(string commandText, SqlParameter[] p) { object result = SqlHelper.ExecuteScalar(ConnectionString, System.Data.CommandType.StoredProcedure, commandText, p); return result.ToString(); } internal protected static SqlParameter ReTurnStringValue { get { return SqlHelper.MakeOutParam("@ReTurnValue", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 200); } } internal protected static SqlParameter ReTurnLongValue { get { return SqlHelper.MakeOutParam("@ReTurnValue", SqlDbType.BigInt, 8); } } #endregion } }

DynamicBuilder.cs:

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Data.SqlClient; using System.Reflection; using System.Reflection.Emit; using System.Data; namespace demo2010.database { /// <summary> /// Tony 2008.8.28 Add /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam> public class DynamicBuilder<T> { private static readonly MethodInfo getValueMethod = typeof(IDataRecord).GetMethod("get_Item", new Type[] { typeof(int) }); private static readonly MethodInfo isDBNullMethod = typeof(IDataRecord).GetMethod("IsDBNull", new Type[] { typeof(int) }); private delegate T Load(IDataRecord dataRecord); private const BindingFlags BINDING_FLAGS = BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.IgnoreCase;//Added by Tony 2008.09.25 private Load handler; private DynamicBuilder() { } public T Build(IDataRecord dataRecord) { return handler(dataRecord); } public static DynamicBuilder<T> CreateBuilder(IDataRecord dataRecord) { DynamicBuilder<T> dynamicBuilder = new DynamicBuilder<T>(); DynamicMethod method = new DynamicMethod("DynamicCreate", typeof(T), new Type[] { typeof(IDataRecord) }, typeof(T), true); ILGenerator generator = method.GetILGenerator(); LocalBuilder result = generator.DeclareLocal(typeof(T)); generator.Emit(OpCodes.Newobj, typeof(T).GetConstructor(Type.EmptyTypes)); generator.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc, result); for (int i = 0; i < dataRecord.FieldCount; i++) { PropertyInfo propertyInfo = typeof(T).GetProperty(dataRecord.GetName(i),BINDING_FLAGS);//performance'Maxvalue decrease 5% **** Test By Tony 2008.09.25 Label endIfLabel = generator.DefineLabel(); if (propertyInfo != null && propertyInfo.GetSetMethod() != null) { generator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0); generator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4, i); generator.Emit(OpCodes.Callvirt, isDBNullMethod); generator.Emit(OpCodes.Brtrue, endIfLabel); generator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, result); generator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0); generator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4, i); generator.Emit(OpCodes.Callvirt, getValueMethod); generator.Emit(OpCodes.Unbox_Any, dataRecord.GetFieldType(i)); generator.Emit(OpCodes.Callvirt, propertyInfo.GetSetMethod()); generator.MarkLabel(endIfLabel); } } generator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, result); generator.Emit(OpCodes.Ret); dynamicBuilder.handler = (Load)method.CreateDelegate(typeof(Load)); return dynamicBuilder; } } }

SqlHelper.cs:(我们将最常用的SQL在大家熟悉的SqlHelper中。)

using System; using System.Configuration; using System.Data; using System.Xml; using System.Data.SqlClient; using System.Collections; namespace demo2010.database { #region Disclaimer/Info #endregion /// <summary> /// The SqlHelper class is intended to encapsulate high performance, scalable best practices for /// common uses of SqlClient. /// </summary> public sealed class SqlHelper { #region private utility methods & constructors //Since this class provides only static methods, make the default constructor private to prevent //instances from being created with "new SqlHelper()". private SqlHelper() { } /// <summary> /// This method is used to attach array of SqlParameters to a SqlCommand. /// /// This method will assign a value of DbNull to any parameter with a direction of /// InputOutput and a value of null. /// /// This behavior will prevent default values from being used, but /// this will be the less common case than an intended pure output parameter (derived as InputOutput) /// where the user provided no input value. /// </summary> /// <param name="command">The command to which the parameters will be added</param> /// <param name="commandParameters">an array of SqlParameters tho be added to command</param> private static void AttachParameters(SqlCommand command, SqlParameter[] commandParameters) { foreach (SqlParameter p in commandParameters) { //check for derived output value with no value assigned if ((p.Direction == ParameterDirection.InputOutput) && (p.Value == null)) { p.Value = DBNull.Value; } command.Parameters.Add(p); } } /// <summary> /// This method assigns an array of values to an array of SqlParameters. /// </summary> /// <param name="commandParameters">array of SqlParameters to be assigned values</param> /// <param name="parameterValues">array of Components holding the values to be assigned</param> private static void AssignParameterValues(SqlParameter[] commandParameters, object[] parameterValues) { if ((commandParameters == null) || (parameterValues == null)) { //do nothing if we get no data return; } // we must have the same number of values as we pave parameters to put them in if (commandParameters.Length != parameterValues.Length) { throw new ArgumentException("Parameter count does not match Parameter Value count."); } //iterate through the SqlParameters, assigning the values from the corresponding position in the //value array for (int i = 0, j = commandParameters.Length; i < j; i++) { commandParameters[i].Value = parameterValues[i]; } } /// <summary> /// This method opens (if necessary) and assigns a connection, transaction, command type and parameters /// to the provided command. /// </summary> /// <param name="command">the SqlCommand to be prepared</param> /// <param name="connection">a valid SqlConnection, on which to execute this command</param> /// <param name="transaction">a valid SqlTransaction, or 'null'</param> /// <param name="commandType">the CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> /// <param name="commandText">the stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> /// <param name="commandParameters">an array of SqlParameters to be associated with the command or 'null' if no parameters are required</param> private static void PrepareCommand(SqlCommand command, SqlConnection connection, SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText, SqlParameter[] commandParameters) { //if the provided connection is not open, we will open it if (connection.State != ConnectionState.Open) { connection.Open(); } //associate the connection with the command command.Connection = connection; //set the command text (stored procedure name or SQL statement) command.CommandText = commandText; //if we were provided a transaction, assign it. if (transaction != null) { command.Transaction = transaction; } //set the command type command.CommandType = commandType; //attach the command parameters if they are provided if (commandParameters != null) { AttachParameters(command, commandParameters); } return; } #endregion private utility methods & constructors #region DataHelpers public static string CheckNull(object obj) { return (string)obj; } public static string CheckNull(DBNull obj) { return null; } #endregion #region AddParameters public static object CheckForNullString(string text) { if (text == null || text.Trim().Length == 0) { return string.Empty; //return System.DBNull.Value; } else { return text; } } public static object CheckForNullDateTime(object obj) { if (obj == null) { return Convert.ToDateTime("1900-01-01"); //return System.DBNull.Value; } else { return obj; } } public static SqlParameter MakeInParam(string ParamName, object Value) { return new SqlParameter(ParamName, Value); } /// <summary> /// Make input param. /// </summary> /// <param name="ParamName">Name of param.</param> /// <param name="DbType">Param type.</param> /// <param name="Size">Param size.</param> /// <param name="Value">Param value.</param> /// <returns>New parameter.</returns> public static SqlParameter MakeInParam(string ParamName, SqlDbType DbType, int Size, object Value) { return MakeParam(ParamName, DbType, Size, ParameterDirection.Input, Value); } /// <summary> /// Make input param. /// </summary> /// <param name="ParamName">Name of param.</param> /// <param name="DbType">Param type.</param> /// <param name="Size">Param size.</param> /// <returns>New parameter.</returns> public static SqlParameter MakeOutParam(string ParamName, SqlDbType DbType, int Size) { return MakeParam(ParamName, DbType, Size, ParameterDirection.Output, null); } /// <summary> /// Make stored procedure param. /// </summary> /// <param name="ParamName">Name of param.</param> /// <param name="DbType">Param type.</param> /// <param name="Size">Param size.</param> /// <param name="Direction">Parm direction.</param> /// <param name="Value">Param value.</param> /// <returns>New parameter.</returns> public static SqlParameter MakeParam(string ParamName, SqlDbType DbType, Int32 Size, ParameterDirection Direction, object Value) { SqlParameter param; if (Size > 0) param = new SqlParameter(ParamName, DbType, Size); else param = new SqlParameter(ParamName, DbType); param.Direction = Direction; if (!(Direction == ParameterDirection.Output && Value == null)) param.Value = Value; return param; } #endregion #region ExecuteNonQuery /// <summary> /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns no resultset and takes no parameters) against the database specified in /// the connection string. /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// e.g.: /// int result = ExecuteNonQuery(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "PublishOrders"); /// </remarks> /// <param name="connectionString">a valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param> /// <param name="commandType">the CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> /// <param name="commandText">the stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> /// <returns>an int representing the number of rows affected by the command</returns> public static int ExecuteNonQuery(string connectionString, CommandType commandType, string commandText) { //pass through the call providing null for the set of SqlParameters return ExecuteNonQuery(connectionString, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null); } /// <summary> /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns no resultset) against the database specified in the connection string /// using the provided parameters. /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// e.g.: /// int result = ExecuteNonQuery(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "PublishOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); /// </remarks> /// <param name="connectionString">a valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param> /// <param name="commandType">the CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> /// <param name="commandText">the stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> /// <param name="commandParameters">an array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param> /// <returns>an int representing the number of rows affected by the command</returns> public static int ExecuteNonQuery(string connectionString, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters) { //create & open a SqlConnection, and dispose of it after we are done. using (SqlConnection cn = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { cn.Open(); //call the overload that takes a connection in place of the connection string return ExecuteNonQuery(cn, commandType, commandText, commandParameters); } } /// <summary> /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns no resultset and takes no parameters) against the provided SqlConnection. /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// e.g.: /// int result = ExecuteNonQuery(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "PublishOrders"); /// </remarks> /// <param name="connection">a valid SqlConnection</param> /// <param name="commandType">the CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> /// <param name="commandText">the stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> /// <returns>an int representing the number of rows affected by the command</returns> public static int ExecuteNonQuery(SqlConnection connection, CommandType commandType, string commandText) { //pass through the call providing null for the set of SqlParameters return ExecuteNonQuery(connection, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null); } /// <summary> /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns no resultset) against the specified SqlConnection /// using the provided parameters. /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// e.g.: /// int result = ExecuteNonQuery(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "PublishOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); /// </remarks> /// <param name="connection">a valid SqlConnection</param> /// <param name="commandType">the CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> /// <param name="commandText">the stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> /// <param name="commandParameters">an array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param> /// <returns>an int representing the number of rows affected by the command</returns> public static int ExecuteNonQuery(SqlConnection connection, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters) { //create a command and prepare it for execution SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(); PrepareCommand(cmd, connection, (SqlTransaction)null, commandType, commandText, commandParameters); //finally, execute the command. int retval = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); // detach the SqlParameters from the command object, so they can be used again. cmd.Parameters.Clear(); return retval; } /// <summary> /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns no resultset and takes no parameters) against the provided SqlTransaction. /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// e.g.: /// int result = ExecuteNonQuery(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "PublishOrders"); /// </remarks> /// <param name="transaction">a valid SqlTransaction</param> /// <param name="commandType">the CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> /// <param name="commandText">the stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> /// <returns>an int representing the number of rows affected by the command</returns> public static int ExecuteNonQuery(SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText) { //pass through the call providing null for the set of SqlParameters return ExecuteNonQuery(transaction, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null); } /// <summary> /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns no resultset) against the specified SqlTransaction /// using the provided parameters. /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// e.g.: /// int result = ExecuteNonQuery(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); /// </remarks> /// <param name="transaction">a valid SqlTransaction</param> /// <param name="commandType">the CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> /// <param name="commandText">the stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> /// <param name="commandParameters">an array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param> /// <returns>an int representing the number of rows affected by the command</returns> public static int ExecuteNonQuery(SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters) { //create a command and prepare it for execution SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(); PrepareCommand(cmd, transaction.Connection, transaction, commandType, commandText, commandParameters); //finally, execute the command. int retval = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); // detach the SqlParameters from the command object, so they can be used again. cmd.Parameters.Clear(); return retval; } #endregion ExecuteNonQuery #region ExecuteDataSet /// <summary> /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset and takes no parameters) against the database specified in /// the connection string. /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// e.g.: /// DataSet ds = ExecuteDataset(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders"); /// </remarks> /// <param name="connectionString">a valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param> /// <param name="commandType">the CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> /// <param name="commandText">the stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> /// <returns>a dataset containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(string connectionString, CommandType commandType, string commandText) { //pass through the call providing null for the set of SqlParameters return ExecuteDataset(connectionString, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null); } /// <summary> /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the database specified in the connection string /// using the provided parameters. /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// e.g.: /// DataSet ds = ExecuteDataset(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); /// </remarks> /// <param name="connectionString">a valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param> /// <param name="commandType">the CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> /// <param name="commandText">the stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> /// <param name="commandParameters">an array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param> /// <returns>a dataset containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(string connectionString, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters) { //create & open a SqlConnection, and dispose of it after we are done. using (SqlConnection cn = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { cn.Open(); //call the overload that takes a connection in place of the connection string return ExecuteDataset(cn, commandType, commandText, commandParameters); } } /// <summary> /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset and takes no parameters) against the provided SqlConnection. /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// e.g.: /// DataSet ds = ExecuteDataset(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders"); /// </remarks> /// <param name="connection">a valid SqlConnection</param> /// <param name="commandType">the CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> /// <param name="commandText">the stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> /// <returns>a dataset containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(SqlConnection connection, CommandType commandType, string commandText) { //pass through the call providing null for the set of SqlParameters return ExecuteDataset(connection, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null); } /// <summary> /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified SqlConnection /// using the provided parameters. /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// e.g.: /// DataSet ds = ExecuteDataset(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); /// </remarks> /// <param name="connection">a valid SqlConnection</param> /// <param name="commandType">the CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> /// <param name="commandText">the stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> /// <param name="commandParameters">an array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param> /// <returns>a dataset containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(SqlConnection connection, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters) { //create a command and prepare it for execution SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(); PrepareCommand(cmd, connection, (SqlTransaction)null, commandType, commandText, commandParameters); //create the DataAdapter & DataSet SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter(cmd); DataSet ds = new DataSet(); //fill the DataSet using default values for DataTable names, etc. da.Fill(ds); // detach the SqlParameters from the command object, so they can be used again. cmd.Parameters.Clear(); //return the dataset return ds; } /// <summary> /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset and takes no parameters) against the provided SqlTransaction. /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// e.g.: /// DataSet ds = ExecuteDataset(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders"); /// </remarks> /// <param name="transaction">a valid SqlTransaction</param> /// <param name="commandType">the CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> /// <param name="commandText">the stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> /// <returns>a dataset containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText) { //pass through the call providing null for the set of SqlParameters return ExecuteDataset(transaction, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null); } /// <summary> /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified SqlTransaction /// using the provided parameters. /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// e.g.: /// DataSet ds = ExecuteDataset(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); /// </remarks> /// <param name="transaction">a valid SqlTransaction</param> /// <param name="commandType">the CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> /// <param name="commandText">the stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> /// <param name="commandParameters">an array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param> /// <returns>a dataset containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters) { //create a command and prepare it for execution SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(); PrepareCommand(cmd, transaction.Connection, transaction, commandType, commandText, commandParameters); //create the DataAdapter & DataSet SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter(cmd); DataSet ds = new DataSet(); //fill the DataSet using default values for DataTable names, etc. da.Fill(ds); // detach the SqlParameters from the command object, so they can be used again. cmd.Parameters.Clear(); //return the dataset return ds; } #endregion ExecuteDataSet #region ExecuteDataTable /// <summary> /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset and takes no parameters) against the database specified in /// the connection string. /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// e.g.: /// DataTable dt = ExecuteDataTable(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders"); /// </remarks> /// <param name="connectionString">a valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param> /// <param name="commandType">the CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> /// <param name="commandText">the stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> /// <returns>a DataTable containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> public static DataTable ExecuteDataTable(string connectionString, CommandType commandType, string commandText) { //pass through the call providing null for the set of SqlParameters return ExecuteDataTable(connectionString, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null); } /// <summary> /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the database specified in the connection string /// using the provided parameters. /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// e.g.: /// DataTable dt = ExecuteDataTable(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); /// </remarks> /// <param name="connectionString">a valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param> /// <param name="commandType">the CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> /// <param name="commandText">the stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> /// <param name="commandParameters">an array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param> /// <returns>a DataTable containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> public static DataTable ExecuteDataTable(string connectionString, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters) { //create & open a SqlConnection, and dispose of it after we are done. using (SqlConnection cn = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { cn.Open(); //call the overload that takes a connection in place of the connection string return ExecuteDataTable(cn, commandType, commandText, commandParameters); } } /// <summary> /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset and takes no parameters) against the provided SqlConnection. /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// e.g.: /// DataTable dt = ExecuteDataTable(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders"); /// </remarks> /// <param name="connection">a valid SqlConnection</param> /// <param name="commandType">the CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> /// <param name="commandText">the stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> /// <returns>a DataTable containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> public static DataTable ExecuteDataTable(SqlConnection connection, CommandType commandType, string commandText) { //pass through the call providing null for the set of SqlParameters return ExecuteDataTable(connection, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null); } /// <summary> /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified SqlConnection /// using the provided parameters. /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// e.g.: /// DataTable dt = ExecuteDataTable(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); /// </remarks> /// <param name="connection">a valid SqlConnection</param> /// <param name="commandType">the CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> /// <param name="commandText">the stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> /// <param name="commandParameters">an array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param> /// <returns>a DataTable containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> public static DataTable ExecuteDataTable(SqlConnection connection, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters) { //create a command and prepare it for execution SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(); PrepareCommand(cmd, connection, (SqlTransaction)null, commandType, commandText, commandParameters); //create the DataAdapter & DataTable SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter(cmd); DataTable dt = new DataTable(); //fill the DataTable using default values for DataTable names, etc. da.Fill(dt); // detach the SqlParameters from the command object, so they can be used again. cmd.Parameters.Clear(); //return the DataTable return dt; } /// <summary> /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset and takes no parameters) against the provided SqlTransaction. /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// e.g.: /// DataTable dt = ExecuteDataTable(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders"); /// </remarks> /// <param name="transaction">a valid SqlTransaction</param> /// <param name="commandType">the CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> /// <param name="commandText">the stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> /// <returns>a DataTable containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> public static DataTable ExecuteDataTable(SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText) { //pass through the call providing null for the set of SqlParameters return ExecuteDataTable(transaction, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null); } /// <summary> /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified SqlTransaction /// using the provided parameters. /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// e.g.: /// DataTable dt = ExecuteDataTable(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); /// </remarks> /// <param name="transaction">a valid SqlTransaction</param> /// <param name="commandType">the CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> /// <param name="commandText">the stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> /// <param name="commandParameters">an array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param> /// <returns>a DataTable containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> public static DataTable ExecuteDataTable(SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters) { //create a command and prepare it for execution SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(); PrepareCommand(cmd, transaction.Connection, transaction, commandType, commandText, commandParameters); //create the DataAdapter & DataTable SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter(cmd); DataTable dt = new DataTable(); //fill the DataTable using default values for DataTable names, etc. da.Fill(dt); // detach the SqlParameters from the command object, so they can be used again. cmd.Parameters.Clear(); //return the DataTable return dt; } #endregion ExecuteDataTable #region ExecuteReader /// <summary> /// this enum is used to indicate whether the connection was provided by the caller, or created by SqlHelper, so that /// we can set the appropriate CommandBehavior when calling ExecuteReader() /// </summary> private enum SqlConnectionOwnership { /// <summary>Connection is owned and managed by SqlHelper</summary> Internal, /// <summary>Connection is owned and managed by the caller</summary> External } /// <summary> /// Create and prepare a SqlCommand, and call ExecuteReader with the appropriate CommandBehavior. /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// If we created and opened the connection, we want the connection to be closed when the DataReader is closed. /// /// If the caller provided the connection, we want to leave it to them to manage. /// </remarks> /// <param name="connection">a valid SqlConnection, on which to execute this command</param> /// <param name="transaction">a valid SqlTransaction, or 'null'</param> /// <param name="commandType">the CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> /// <param name="commandText">the stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> /// <param name="commandParameters">an array of SqlParameters to be associated with the command or 'null' if no parameters are required</param> /// <param name="connectionOwnership">indicates whether the connection parameter was provided by the caller, or created by SqlHelper</param> /// <returns>SqlDataReader containing the results of the command</returns> private static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(SqlConnection connection, SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText, SqlParameter[] commandParameters, SqlConnectionOwnership connectionOwnership) { //create a command and prepare it for execution SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(); PrepareCommand(cmd, connection, transaction, commandType, commandText, commandParameters); //create a reader SqlDataReader dr; // call ExecuteReader with the appropriate CommandBehavior if (connectionOwnership == SqlConnectionOwnership.External) { dr = cmd.ExecuteReader(); } else { dr = cmd.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.CloseConnection); } // detach the SqlParameters from the command object, so they can be used again. cmd.Parameters.Clear(); return dr; } /// <summary> /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset and takes no parameters) against the database specified in /// the connection string. /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// e.g.: /// SqlDataReader dr = ExecuteReader(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders"); /// </remarks> /// <param name="connectionString">a valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param> /// <param name="commandType">the CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> /// <param name="commandText">the stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> /// <returns>a SqlDataReader containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(string connectionString, CommandType commandType, string commandText) { //pass through the call providing null for the set of SqlParameters return ExecuteReader(connectionString, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null); } /// <summary> /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the database specified in the connection string /// using the provided parameters. /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// e.g.: /// SqlDataReader dr = ExecuteReader(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); /// </remarks> /// <param name="connectionString">a valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param> /// <param name="commandType">the CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> /// <param name="commandText">the stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> /// <param name="commandParameters">an array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param> /// <returns>a SqlDataReader containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(string connectionString, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters) { //create & open a SqlConnection SqlConnection cn = new SqlConnection(connectionString); cn.Open(); try { //call the private overload that takes an internally owned connection in place of the connection string return ExecuteReader(cn, null, commandType, commandText, commandParameters, SqlConnectionOwnership.Internal); } catch { //if we fail to return the SqlDatReader, we need to close the connection ourselves cn.Close(); throw; } } /// <summary> /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset and takes no parameters) against the provided SqlConnection. /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// e.g.: /// SqlDataReader dr = ExecuteReader(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders"); /// </remarks> /// <param name="connection">a valid SqlConnection</param> /// <param name="commandType">the CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> /// <param name="commandText">the stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> /// <returns>a SqlDataReader containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(SqlConnection connection, CommandType commandType, string commandText) { //pass through the call providing null for the set of SqlParameters return ExecuteReader(connection, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null); } /// <summary> /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified SqlConnection /// using the provided parameters. /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// e.g.: /// SqlDataReader dr = ExecuteReader(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); /// </remarks> /// <param name="connection">a valid SqlConnection</param> /// <param name="commandType">the CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> /// <param name="commandText">the stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> /// <param name="commandParameters">an array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param> /// <returns>a SqlDataReader containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(SqlConnection connection, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters) { //pass through the call to the private overload using a null transaction value and an externally owned connection return ExecuteReader(connection, (SqlTransaction)null, commandType, commandText, commandParameters, SqlConnectionOwnership.External); } /// <summary> /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset and takes no parameters) against the provided SqlTransaction. /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// e.g.: /// SqlDataReader dr = ExecuteReader(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders"); /// </remarks> /// <param name="transaction">a valid SqlTransaction</param> /// <param name="commandType">the CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> /// <param name="commandText">the stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> /// <returns>a SqlDataReader containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText) { //pass through the call providing null for the set of SqlParameters return ExecuteReader(transaction, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null); } /// <summary> /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified SqlTransaction /// using the provided parameters. /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// e.g.: /// SqlDataReader dr = ExecuteReader(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); /// </remarks> /// <param name="transaction">a valid SqlTransaction</param> /// <param name="commandType">the CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> /// <param name="commandText">the stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> /// <param name="commandParameters">an array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param> /// <returns>a SqlDataReader containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters) { //pass through to private overload, indicating that the connection is owned by the caller return ExecuteReader(transaction.Connection, transaction, commandType, commandText, commandParameters, SqlConnectionOwnership.External); } #endregion ExecuteReader #region ExecuteScalar /// <summary> /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a 1x1 resultset and takes no parameters) against the database specified in /// the connection string. /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// e.g.: /// int orderCount = (int)ExecuteScalar(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrderCount"); /// </remarks> /// <param name="connectionString">a valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param> /// <param name="commandType">the CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> /// <param name="commandText">the stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> /// <returns>an object containing the value in the 1x1 resultset generated by the command</returns> public static object ExecuteScalar(string connectionString, CommandType commandType, string commandText) { //pass through the call providing null for the set of SqlParameters return ExecuteScalar(connectionString, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null); } /// <summary> /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a 1x1 resultset) against the database specified in the connection string /// using the provided parameters. /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// e.g.: /// int orderCount = (int)ExecuteScalar(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrderCount", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); /// </remarks> /// <param name="connectionString">a valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param> /// <param name="commandType">the CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> /// <param name="commandText">the stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> /// <param name="commandParameters">an array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param> /// <returns>an object containing the value in the 1x1 resultset generated by the command</returns> public static object ExecuteScalar(string connectionString, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters) { //create & open a SqlConnection, and dispose of it after we are done. using (SqlConnection cn = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { cn.Open(); //call the overload that takes a connection in place of the connection string return ExecuteScalar(cn, commandType, commandText, commandParameters); } } /// <summary> /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a 1x1 resultset and takes no parameters) against the provided SqlConnection. /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// e.g.: /// int orderCount = (int)ExecuteScalar(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrderCount"); /// </remarks> /// <param name="connection">a valid SqlConnection</param> /// <param name="commandType">the CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> /// <param name="commandText">the stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> /// <returns>an object containing the value in the 1x1 resultset generated by the command</returns> public static object ExecuteScalar(SqlConnection connection, CommandType commandType, string commandText) { //pass through the call providing null for the set of SqlParameters return ExecuteScalar(connection, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null); } /// <summary> /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a 1x1 resultset) against the specified SqlConnection /// using the provided parameters. /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// e.g.: /// int orderCount = (int)ExecuteScalar(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrderCount", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); /// </remarks> /// <param name="connection">a valid SqlConnection</param> /// <param name="commandType">the CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> /// <param name="commandText">the stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> /// <param name="commandParameters">an array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param> /// <returns>an object containing the value in the 1x1 resultset generated by the command</returns> public static object ExecuteScalar(SqlConnection connection, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters) { //create a command and prepare it for execution SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(); PrepareCommand(cmd, connection, (SqlTransaction)null, commandType, commandText, commandParameters); //execute the command & return the results object retval = cmd.ExecuteScalar(); // detach the SqlParameters from the command object, so they can be used again. cmd.Parameters.Clear(); return retval; } /// <summary> /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a 1x1 resultset and takes no parameters) against the provided SqlTransaction. /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// e.g.: /// int orderCount = (int)ExecuteScalar(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrderCount"); /// </remarks> /// <param name="transaction">a valid SqlTransaction</param> /// <param name="commandType">the CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> /// <param name="commandText">the stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> /// <returns>an object containing the value in the 1x1 resultset generated by the command</returns> public static object ExecuteScalar(SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText) { //pass through the call providing null for the set of SqlParameters return ExecuteScalar(transaction, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null); } /// <summary> /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a 1x1 resultset) against the specified SqlTransaction /// using the provided parameters. /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// e.g.: /// int orderCount = (int)ExecuteScalar(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrderCount", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); /// </remarks> /// <param name="transaction">a valid SqlTransaction</param> /// <param name="commandType">the CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> /// <param name="commandText">the stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> /// <param name="commandParameters">an array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param> /// <returns>an object containing the value in the 1x1 resultset generated by the command</returns> public static object ExecuteScalar(SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters) { //create a command and prepare it for execution SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(); PrepareCommand(cmd, transaction.Connection, transaction, commandType, commandText, commandParameters); //execute the command & return the results object retval = cmd.ExecuteScalar(); // detach the SqlParameters from the command object, so they can be used again. cmd.Parameters.Clear(); return retval; } #endregion ExecuteScalar #region ExecuteXmlReader /// <summary> /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset and takes no parameters) against the provided SqlConnection. /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// e.g.: /// XmlReader r = ExecuteXmlReader(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders"); /// </remarks> /// <param name="connection">a valid SqlConnection</param> /// <param name="commandType">the CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> /// <param name="commandText">the stored procedure name or T-SQL command using "FOR XML AUTO"</param> /// <returns>an XmlReader containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> public static XmlReader ExecuteXmlReader(SqlConnection connection, CommandType commandType, string commandText) { //pass through the call providing null for the set of SqlParameters return ExecuteXmlReader(connection, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null); } /// <summary> /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified SqlConnection /// using the provided parameters. /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// e.g.: /// XmlReader r = ExecuteXmlReader(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); /// </remarks> /// <param name="connection">a valid SqlConnection</param> /// <param name="commandType">the CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> /// <param name="commandText">the stored procedure name or T-SQL command using "FOR XML AUTO"</param> /// <param name="commandParameters">an array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param> /// <returns>an XmlReader containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> public static XmlReader ExecuteXmlReader(SqlConnection connection, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters) { //create a command and prepare it for execution SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(); PrepareCommand(cmd, connection, (SqlTransaction)null, commandType, commandText, commandParameters); //create the DataAdapter & DataSet XmlReader retval = cmd.ExecuteXmlReader(); // detach the SqlParameters from the command object, so they can be used again. cmd.Parameters.Clear(); return retval; } /// <summary> /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset and takes no parameters) against the provided SqlTransaction. /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// e.g.: /// XmlReader r = ExecuteXmlReader(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders"); /// </remarks> /// <param name="transaction">a valid SqlTransaction</param> /// <param name="commandType">the CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> /// <param name="commandText">the stored procedure name or T-SQL command using "FOR XML AUTO"</param> /// <returns>an XmlReader containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> public static XmlReader ExecuteXmlReader(SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText) { //pass through the call providing null for the set of SqlParameters return ExecuteXmlReader(transaction, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null); } /// <summary> /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified SqlTransaction /// using the provided parameters. /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// e.g.: /// XmlReader r = ExecuteXmlReader(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); /// </remarks> /// <param name="transaction">a valid SqlTransaction</param> /// <param name="commandType">the CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> /// <param name="commandText">the stored procedure name or T-SQL command using "FOR XML AUTO"</param> /// <param name="commandParameters">an array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param> /// <returns>an XmlReader containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> public static XmlReader ExecuteXmlReader(SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters) { //create a command and prepare it for execution SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(); PrepareCommand(cmd, transaction.Connection, transaction, commandType, commandText, commandParameters); //create the DataAdapter & DataSet XmlReader retval = cmd.ExecuteXmlReader(); // detach the SqlParameters from the command object, so they can be used again. cmd.Parameters.Clear(); return retval; } #endregion ExecuteXmlRead

DAL：

SqlDataprovider.cs

using System; using System.Data; using System.Data.SqlClient; using demo2010.database; namespace demo2010.DAL { public class SqlDataProvider : DataBase { internal static IDataReader DepartDemoSelectByPKID(int pKid) { SqlParameter[] p = { SqlHelper.MakeInParam("@pkid", SqlDbType.Int, 4, pKid) }; try { return GetReader("DepartDemoSelectByPKID", p); } catch { return null; } } } }

DepartDemo.cs

using System; using demo2010.database; using System.Data; namespace demo2010.DAL { // File: DepartDemo.cs // Author: Administrator // Created: 2010年9月20日 16:34:05 // Purpose: Definition of Class DepartDemo public class DepartDemo { #region Primaey private int pKID; private string dName; private string dCode; private string manager; private int parentID; private string addUser; private DateTime addTime; private string modUser; private DateTime modTime; private short curState; private string remark; private int f1; private string f2; public int PKID { get { return pKID; } set { this.pKID = value; } } public string DName { get { return dName; } set { this.dName = value; } } public string DCode { get { return dCode; } set { this.dCode = value; } } public string Manager { get { return manager; } set { this.manager = value; } } public int ParentID { get { return parentID; } set { this.parentID = value; } } public string AddUser { get { return addUser; } set { this.addUser = value; } } public DateTime AddTime { get { return addTime; } set { this.addTime = value; } } public string ModUser { get { return modUser; } set { this.modUser = value; } } public DateTime ModTime { get { return modTime; } set { this.modTime = value; } } public short CurState { get { return curState; } set { this.curState = value; } } public string Remark { get { return remark; } set { this.remark = value; } } public int F1 { get { return f1; } set { this.f1 = value; } } public string F2 { get { return f2; } set { this.f2 = value; } } #endregion public static DepartDemo FindDepartDemoByPKID(int _pkid) { IDataReader reader = null; try { reader = SqlDataProvider.DepartDemoSelectByPKID(_pkid); if (reader.Read()) { return LoadSingleDepartDemo(reader); } return null; } catch { return null; } finally { if (reader != null) { reader.Close(); reader.Dispose(); } } } public static DepartDemo LoadSingleDepartDemo(IDataReader reader) { DynamicBuilder<DepartDemo> builder = DynamicBuilder<DepartDemo>.CreateBuilder(reader); return builder.Build(reader); } } }

测试代码　：

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using demo2010.DAL; namespace demo2010 { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { GetDepartDemoByPKID(101); Console.ReadKey(); } public static void GetDepartDemoByPKID(int pkid) { try { DepartDemo d = DepartDemo.FindDepartDemoByPKID(pkid); if (d != null) { Console.WriteLine("部门：" + d.DName); Console.WriteLine("领导：" + d.Manager); Console.WriteLine("职能：" + d.Remark); } } catch (Exception e1) { Console.WriteLine("出错:" + e1.Message); } } } }

相应的配置文件App.Config内容,如果是web项目，则在web.config中。









<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
    <appSettings>
        <add key="GlobalsConnString" value="server=ap3/DBServer;uid=sa;pwd=sa;database=Db2010Demo;Connect Timeout=15"/>
  </appSettings>
</configuration>








运行结果：






















二、在Eclipse中新建一Java项目,如下：

代码如下：

DBConnectionManager.java

package demo2010.database; /** * @Project:JavaDemoDB2010 * @Package:demo2010.database.DBConnectionManager * @TypeName:DBConnectionManager * @FileName:DBConnectionManager.java * @Author Administrator:downmoon(3w@live.cn) * @CreateDate: 2010-9-20 上午09:13:10 * @Version: * @Comment: TODO */ import java.io.*; import java.sql.*; import java.util.*; import java.util.Date; public class DBConnectionManager { static private DBConnectionManager instance; // 唯一实例 static private int clients; private Vector drivers = new Vector(); private Hashtable pools = new Hashtable(); /** * 将文本信息在后台打印出来 */ private void log(String msg) { System.out.println(new Date() + ": " + msg); } /** * 返回唯一实例.如果是第一次调用此方法,则创建实例 * * @return DBConnectionManager 唯一实例 */ static synchronized public DBConnectionManager getInstance() { if (instance == null) { instance = new DBConnectionManager(); } clients++; return instance; } /** * 建构函数私有以防止其它对象创建本类实例 */ private DBConnectionManager() { init(); } /** * 将连接对象返回给由名字指定的连接池 * * @param name * 在属性文件中定义的连接池名字 * @param con * 连接对象 */ public void freeConnection(String name, Connection con) { DBConnectionPool pool = (DBConnectionPool) pools.get(name); if (pool != null) { pool.freeConnection(con); } } /** * 获得一个可用的(空闲的)连接.如果没有可用连接,且已有连接数小于最大连接数 限制,则创建并返回新连接 * * @param name * 在属性文件中定义的连接池名字 * @return Connection 可用连接或null */ public Connection getConnection(String name) { DBConnectionPool pool = (DBConnectionPool) pools.get(name); if (pool != null) { return pool.getConnection(); } return null; } /** * 获得一个可用连接.若没有可用连接,且已有连接数小于最大连接数限制, 则创建并返回新连接.否则,在指定的时间内等待其它线程释放连接. * * @param name * 连接池名字 * @param time * 以毫秒计的等待时间 * @return Connection 可用连接或null */ public Connection getConnection(String name, long time) { DBConnectionPool pool = (DBConnectionPool) pools.get(name); if (pool != null) { return pool.getConnection(time); } return null; } /** * 关闭所有连接,撤销驱动程序的注册 */ public synchronized void release() { // 等待直到最后一个客户程序调用 if (--clients != 0) { return; } Enumeration allPools = pools.elements(); while (allPools.hasMoreElements()) { DBConnectionPool pool = (DBConnectionPool) allPools.nextElement(); pool.release(); } Enumeration allDrivers = drivers.elements(); while (allDrivers.hasMoreElements()) { Driver driver = (Driver) allDrivers.nextElement(); try { DriverManager.deregisterDriver(driver); log("撤销JDBC驱动程序 " + driver.getClass().getName() + "的注册"); } catch (SQLException e) { log("无法撤销下列JDBC驱动程序的注册: " + driver.getClass().getName()); } } } /** * 根据指定属性创建连接池实例. * * @param props * 连接池属性 */ private void createPools(Properties props) { Enumeration propNames = props.propertyNames(); while (propNames.hasMoreElements()) { String name = (String) propNames.nextElement(); if (name.endsWith(".url")) { String poolName = "sqlserver"; String url = props.getProperty(poolName + ".url"); if (url == null) { log("没有为连接池" + poolName + "指定URL"); continue; } String user = props.getProperty(poolName + ".user"); String password = props.getProperty(poolName + ".password"); String maxconn = props.getProperty(poolName + ".maxconn", "0"); int max; try { max = Integer.valueOf(maxconn).intValue(); } catch (NumberFormatException e) { log("错误的最大连接数限制: " + maxconn + " .连接池: " + poolName); max = 0; } DBConnectionPool pool = new DBConnectionPool(poolName, url, user, password, max); pools.put(poolName, pool); log("成功创建连接池" + poolName); } } } /** * 读取属性完成初始化 */ private void init() { InputStream is = getClass().getResourceAsStream("/demo2010.txt"); Properties dbProps = new Properties(); try { dbProps.load(is); } catch (Exception e) { log("不能读取属性文件.请确保db.properties在CLASSPATH指定的路径中"); return; } loadDrivers(dbProps); createPools(dbProps); } /** * 装载和注册所有JDBC驱动程序 * * @param props * 属性 */ private void loadDrivers(Properties props) { String driverClasses = props.getProperty("driver"); StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(driverClasses); while (st.hasMoreElements()) { String driverClassName = st.nextToken().trim(); try { Driver driver = (Driver) Class.forName(driverClassName) .newInstance(); DriverManager.registerDriver(driver); drivers.addElement(driver); log("成功注册JDBC驱动程序" + driverClassName); } catch (Exception e) { log("无法注册JDBC驱动程序: " + driverClassName + ", 错误: " + e); } } } /** * 此内部类定义了一个连接池.它能够根据要求创建新连接,直到预定的最大连接数为止.在返回连接给客户程序之前,它能够验证连接的有效性. */ class DBConnectionPool { private int userCount; private Vector freeConnections = new Vector(); private int maxConn; private String name; private String password; private String URL; private String user; // private String databaseUrl; /** * 创建新的连接池 * * @param name * 连接池名字 * @param URL * 数据库的JDBC URL * @param user * 数据库帐号,或 null * @param password * 密码,或 null * @param maxConn * 此连接池允许建立的最大连接数 */ public DBConnectionPool(String name, String URL, String user, String password, int maxConn) { this.name = name; this.URL = URL; this.user = user; this.password = password; this.maxConn = maxConn; } /** * 将不再使用的连接返回给连接池 * * @param con * 客户程序释放的连接 */ public synchronized void freeConnection(Connection con) { // 将指定连接加入到向量末尾 freeConnections.addElement(con); userCount--; notifyAll(); } /** * 从连接池获得一个可用连接.如没有空闲的连接且当前连接数小于最大连接 数限制,则创建新连接.如原来登记为可用的连接不再有效,则从向量删除之, * 然后递归调用自己以尝试新的可用连接. */ public synchronized Connection getConnection() { Connection con = null; if (freeConnections.size() > 0) { // 获取向量中第一个可用连接 con = (Connection) freeConnections.firstElement(); freeConnections.removeElementAt(0); try { if (con.isClosed()) { log("从连接池" + name + "删除一个无效连接"); // 递归调用自己,尝试再次获取可用连接 con = getConnection(); } } catch (SQLException e) { log("从连接池" + name + "删除一个无效连接"); // 递归调用自己,尝试再次获取可用连接 con = getConnection(); } } else if (maxConn == 0 || userCount < maxConn) { con = newConnection(); } if (con != null) { userCount++; } return con; } /** * 从连接池获取可用连接.可以指定客户程序能够等待的最长时间 参见前一个getConnection()方法. * * @param timeout * 以毫秒计的等待时间限制 */ public synchronized Connection getConnection(long timeout) { long startTime = new Date().getTime(); Connection con; while ((con = getConnection()) == null) { try { wait(timeout); } catch (InterruptedException e) { } if ((new Date().getTime() - startTime) >= timeout) { // wait()返回的原因是超时 return null; } } return con; } /** * 关闭所有连接 */ public synchronized void release() { Enumeration allConnections = freeConnections.elements(); while (allConnections.hasMoreElements()) { Connection con = (Connection) allConnections.nextElement(); try { con.close(); log("关闭连接池" + name + "中的一个连接"); } catch (SQLException e) { log("无法关闭连接池" + name + "中的连接"); } } freeConnections.removeAllElements(); } /** * 创建新的连接 */ private Connection newConnection() { Connection con = null; try { if (user == null) { con = DriverManager.getConnection(URL); } else { con = DriverManager.getConnection(URL, user, password); } log("连接池" + name + "创建一个新的连接"); } catch (SQLException e) { log("无法创建下列URL的连接: " + URL); return null; } return con; } } }

SQLHelper.java(Null

提供的一个Java版的SQLHelper类。)





/**
 * 
 */
package demo2010.database;

import java.sql.Connection;
//import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.ResultSetMetaData;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;

import javax.swing.table.DefaultTableModel;

/**
 * @Project:JavaDemoDB2011
 * @Package:demo2010.database.SQLHelper
 * @TypeName:SQLHelper
 * @FileName:SQLHelper.java
 * @Author Administrator:downmoon(3w@live.cn)
 * @CreateDate: 2010-9-21 上午09:36:28
 * @Version: 
 * @Comment:  SQL 基本操作 * 通过它,可以很轻松的使用 JDBC 来操纵数据库
 */

public class SQLHelper {
    /**
     * 驱动
     */
    //public static String driver = "com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver";
    /**
     * 连接字符串
     */
    //public static String url = "jdbc:sqlserver://localhost:1433;databaseName=J2ee;";
    /**
     * 用户名
     */
    //public static String user = "null";
    /**
     * 密码
     */
    //public static String password = "123456";

    /**
     * 不允许实例化该类
     */
    private SQLHelper()
    {
    }

    /**
     * 获取一个数据库连接
     * 通过设置类的  driver / url / user / password 这四个静态变量来 设置数据库连接属性
     * @return 数据库连接
     */
    public static Connection getConnection()
    {
        /*try
        {
            // 获取驱动,这里使用的是 sqljdbc_1.2.2828.100_chs.exe,不同版本的驱动,语句有所不同
            Class.forName(driver);
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex)
        {
            Logger.getLogger(SQLHelper.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
        }*/

        try
        {
            ////return DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
            
            return DBConnectionManager.getInstance().getConnection("sqlserver");
        } catch (Exception ex)
        {
            Logger.getLogger(SQLHelper.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
            return null;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 获取一个 Statement
     * 该 Statement 已经设置数据集 可以滚动,可以更新
     * @return 如果获取失败将返回 null,调用时记得检查返回值
     */
    public static Statement getStatement()
    {
        Connection conn = getConnection();
        if (conn == null)
        {
            return null;
        }
        try
        {
            return conn.createStatement(ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE,
                    ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE);
        // 设置数据集可以滚动,可以更新
        } catch (SQLException ex)
        {
            Logger.getLogger(SQLHelper.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
            close(conn);
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * 获取一个 Statement
     * 该 Statement 已经设置数据集 可以滚动,可以更新
     * @param conn 数据库连接
     * @return 如果获取失败将返回 null,调用时记得检查返回值
     */
    public static Statement getStatement(Connection conn)
    {
        if (conn == null)
        {
            return null;
        }
        try
        {

            return conn.createStatement(ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE, ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE);
        // 设置数据集可以滚动,可以更新
        } catch (SQLException ex)
        {
            Logger.getLogger(SQLHelper.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
            return null;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 获取一个带参数的 PreparedStatement
     * 该 PreparedStatement 已经设置数据集 可以滚动,可以更新
     * @param cmdText 需要 ? 参数的 SQL 语句
     * @param cmdParams SQL 语句的参数表
     * @return 如果获取失败将返回 null,调用时记得检查返回值
     */
    public static PreparedStatement getPreparedStatement(String cmdText, Object... cmdParams)
    {
        Connection conn = getConnection();
        if (conn == null)
        {
            return null;
        }

        PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
        try
        {
            pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(cmdText, ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE, ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE);
            int i = 1;
            for (Object item : cmdParams)
            {
                pstmt.setObject(i, item);
                i++;
            }
        } catch (SQLException e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
            close(conn);
        }
        return pstmt;
    }

    /**
     *  获取一个带参数的 PreparedStatement
     * 该 PreparedStatement 已经设置数据集 可以滚动,可以更新
     * @param conn 数据库连接
     * @param cmdText 需要 ? 参数的 SQL 语句
     * @param cmdParams SQL 语句的参数表
     * @return 如果获取失败将返回 null,调用时记得检查返回值
     */
    public static PreparedStatement getPreparedStatement(Connection conn, String cmdText, Object... cmdParams)
    {
        if (conn == null)
        {
            return null;
        }

        PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
        try
        {
            pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(cmdText, ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE, ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE);
            int i = 1;
            for (Object item : cmdParams)
            {
                pstmt.setObject(i, item);
                i++;
            }
        } catch (SQLException e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
            close(pstmt);
        }
        return pstmt;
    }

    /**
     * 执行 SQL 语句,返回结果为整型
     * 主要用于执行非查询语句
     * @param cmdText SQL 语句
     * @return 非负数:正常执行; -1:执行错误; -2:连接错误
     */
    public static int ExecSql(String cmdText)
    {
        Statement stmt = getStatement();
        if (stmt == null)
        {
            return -2;
        }
        int i;
        try
        {
            i = stmt.executeUpdate(cmdText);
        } catch (SQLException ex)
        {
            Logger.getLogger(SQLHelper.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null,
                    ex);
            i = -1;
        }
        closeConnection(stmt);
        return i;
    }

    /**
     * 执行 SQL 语句,返回结果为整型
     * 主要用于执行非查询语句
     * @param cmdText SQL 语句
     * @return 非负数:正常执行; -1:执行错误; -2:连接错误
     */
    public static int ExecSql(Connection conn, String cmdText)
    {
        Statement stmt = getStatement(conn);
        if (stmt == null)
        {
            return -2;
        }
        int i;
        try
        {
            i = stmt.executeUpdate(cmdText);

        } catch (SQLException ex)
        {
            Logger.getLogger(SQLHelper.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null,
                    ex);
            i = -1;
        }
        close(stmt);
        return i;
    }

    /**
     * 执行 SQL 语句,返回结果为整型
     * 主要用于执行非查询语句
     * @param cmdText 需要 ? 参数的 SQL 语句
     * @param cmdParams SQL 语句的参数表
     * @return 非负数:正常执行; -1:执行错误; -2:连接错误
     */
    public static int ExecSql(String cmdText, Object... cmdParams)
    {
        PreparedStatement pstmt = getPreparedStatement(cmdText, cmdParams);
        if (pstmt == null)
        {
            return -2;
        }
        int i;
        try
        {
            i = pstmt.executeUpdate();
        } catch (SQLException ex)
        {
            Logger.getLogger(SQLHelper.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null,
                    ex);
            i = -1;
        }
        closeConnection(pstmt);
        return i;
    }

    /**
     * 执行 SQL 语句,返回结果为整型
     * 主要用于执行非查询语句
     * @param conn 数据库连接
     * @param cmdText 需要 ? 参数的 SQL 语句
     * @param cmdParams SQL 语句的参数表
     * @return 非负数:正常执行; -1:执行错误; -2:连接错误
     */
    public static int ExecSql(Connection conn, String cmdText, Object... cmdParams)
    {
        PreparedStatement pstmt = getPreparedStatement(conn, cmdText, cmdParams);
        if (pstmt == null)
        {
            return -2;
        }
        int i;
        try
        {
            i = pstmt.executeUpdate();

        } catch (SQLException ex)
        {
            Logger.getLogger(SQLHelper.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
            i = -1;
        }
        close(pstmt);
        return i;
    }

    /**
     * 返回结果集的第一行的一列的值,其他忽略
     * @param cmdText SQL 语句
     * @return
     */
    public static Object ExecScalar(String cmdText)
    {
        ResultSet rs = getResultSet(cmdText);
        Object obj = buildScalar(rs);
        closeConnection(rs);
        return obj;
    }

    /**
     * 返回结果集的第一行的一列的值,其他忽略
     * @param conn 数据库连接
     * @param cmdText SQL 语句
     * @return
     */
    public static Object ExecScalar(Connection conn, String cmdText)
    {
        ResultSet rs = getResultSet(conn, cmdText);
        Object obj = buildScalar(rs);
        closeEx(rs);
        return obj;
    }

    /**
     * 返回结果集的第一行的一列的值,其他忽略
     * @param cmdText 需要 ? 参数的 SQL 语句
     * @param cmdParams SQL 语句的参数表
     * @return
     */
    public static Object ExecScalar(String cmdText, Object... cmdParams)
    {
        ResultSet rs = getResultSet(cmdText, cmdParams);
        Object obj = buildScalar(rs);
        closeConnection(rs);
        return obj;
    }

    /**
     * 返回结果集的第一行的一列的值,其他忽略
     * @param conn 数据库连接
     * @param cmdText 需要 ? 参数的 SQL 语句
     * @param cmdParams SQL 语句的参数表
     * @return
     */
    public static Object ExecScalar(Connection conn, String cmdText, Object... cmdParams)
    {
        ResultSet rs = getResultSet(conn, cmdText, cmdParams);
        Object obj = buildScalar(rs);
        closeEx(rs);
        return obj;
    }

    /**
     * 返回一个 ResultSet
     * @param cmdText SQL 语句
     * @return
     */
    public static ResultSet getResultSet(String cmdText)
    {
        Statement stmt = getStatement();
        if (stmt == null)
        {
            return null;
        }
        try
        {
            return stmt.executeQuery(cmdText);
        } catch (SQLException ex)
        {
            Logger.getLogger(SQLHelper.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
            closeConnection(stmt);
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * 返回一个 ResultSet
     * @param conn
     * @param cmdText SQL 语句
     * @return
     */
    public static ResultSet getResultSet(Connection conn, String cmdText)
    {
        Statement stmt = getStatement(conn);
        if (stmt == null)
        {
            return null;
        }
        try
        {
            return stmt.executeQuery(cmdText);
        } catch (SQLException ex)
        {
            Logger.getLogger(SQLHelper.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
            close(stmt);
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * 返回一个 ResultSet
     * @param cmdText 需要 ? 参数的 SQL 语句
     * @param cmdParams SQL 语句的参数表
     * @return
     */
    public static ResultSet getResultSet(String cmdText, Object... cmdParams)
    {
        PreparedStatement pstmt = getPreparedStatement(cmdText, cmdParams);
        if (pstmt == null)
        {
            return null;
        }
        try
        {
            return pstmt.executeQuery();
        } catch (SQLException ex)
        {
            Logger.getLogger(SQLHelper.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
            closeConnection(pstmt);
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * 返回一个 ResultSet
     * @param conn 数据库连接
     * @param cmdText 需要 ? 参数的 SQL 语句
     * @param cmdParams SQL 语句的参数表
     * @return
     */
    public static ResultSet getResultSet(Connection conn, String cmdText, Object... cmdParams)
    {
        PreparedStatement pstmt = getPreparedStatement(conn, cmdText, cmdParams);
        if (pstmt == null)
        {
            return null;
        }
        try
        {
            return pstmt.executeQuery();
        } catch (SQLException ex)
        {
            Logger.getLogger(SQLHelper.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
            close(pstmt);
        }
        return null;
    }

    public static Object buildScalar(ResultSet rs)
    {
        if (rs == null)
        {
            return null;
        }
        Object obj = null;
        try
        {
            if (rs.next())
            {
                obj = rs.getObject(1);
            }
        } catch (SQLException ex)
        {
            Logger.getLogger(SQLHelper.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
        }
        return obj;
    }

    /**
     * 从 ResultSet 中构建 DefaultTableModel
     * @param rs ResultSet
     * @return
     */
    public static DefaultTableModel buildTableModel(ResultSet rs)
    {
        if (rs == null)
        {
            return null;
        }
        ResultSetMetaData rsm;
        String[] columnNames = null; // 列标题
        Object[][] data = null; // 数据项
        DefaultTableModel model; // 表格模型
        try
        {
            // 查询语句
            rsm = rs.getMetaData();
            // 判断时候可以实现对数据库的更新
            if (rs.getConcurrency() == ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE)
            {
                System.out.println("Can UPDATABLE");
            } else
            {
                System.out.println("Only Ready");
            }
            // 获取列标题
            columnNames = new String[rsm.getColumnCount()];
            for (int i = 0; i < rsm.getColumnCount(); i++)
            {
                columnNames[i] = rsm.getColumnName(i + 1);
            }

            int row = 0;
            int colum = 0;
            int columCount = rsm.getColumnCount();
            // 获取行数,没有直接的方法,这里先移动到纪录结尾,获取行号,即为行数,然后再移回来
            rs.last();
            int rowCount = rs.getRow();
            rs.beforeFirst();
            System.out.println("rowCount:" + rowCount);
            // 读取数据到数据项变量
            data = new Object[rowCount][columCount];
            while (rs.next())
            {
                for (colum = 0; colum < rsm.getColumnCount(); colum++)
                {
                    data[row][colum] = rs.getObject(colum + 1);
                }
                row++;
            }
        } catch (SQLException ex)
        {
            Logger.getLogger(SQLHelper.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null,
                    ex);
            return null;
        }

        // 初始化数据模型
        model = new DefaultTableModel(data, columnNames)
        {

            /**
             * 重写 getColumnClass 可以使表格自动识别数据类型
             */
            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
            @Override
            public Class getColumnClass(int c)
            {
                // 这里要对空数据集进行检验
                if (dataVector.isEmpty() == false && getValueAt(0, c) != null)
                {
                    return getValueAt(0, c).getClass();
                } else
                {
                    return Object.class;
                }
            }
        };

        return model;
    }

    /**
     * 获取一个数据模型 该表格模型只能用来显示数据，如果需要更新数据，请使用 DataSet getDataSet(String cmdText)
     *
     * @param conn 数据库连接
     * @param cmdText
     *                能返回一个数据集的查询SQL 语句
     * @return 表格数据模型
     */
    public static DefaultTableModel getTableModel(Connection conn, String cmdText)
    {
        ResultSet rs = getResultSet(conn, cmdText);
        DefaultTableModel tm = buildTableModel(rs);
        closeEx(rs);
        return tm;
    }

    /**
     * 获取一个数据模型 该表格模型只能用来显示数据，如果需要更新数据，请使用 DataSet getDataSet(String cmdText)
     *
     * @param cmdText 需要 ? 参数的 SQL 语句
     * @param cmdParams SQL 语句的参数表
     * @return 表格数据模型
     */
    public static DefaultTableModel getTableModel(String cmdText, Object... cmdParams)
    {
        // 查询语句
        ResultSet rs = getResultSet(cmdText, cmdParams);
        DefaultTableModel tm = buildTableModel(rs);
        closeConnection(rs);
        return tm;
    }

    /**
     * 获取一个数据模型 该表格模型只能用来显示数据，如果需要更新数据，请使用 DataSet getDataSet(String cmdText)
     *
     * @param cmdText
     *                能返回一个数据集的查询SQL 语句
     * @return 表格数据模型
     */
    public static DefaultTableModel getTableModel(String cmdText)
    {
        // 查询语句
        ResultSet rs = getResultSet(cmdText);
        DefaultTableModel tm = buildTableModel(rs);
        closeConnection(rs);
        return tm;
    }

    /**
     * 获取一个数据模型 该表格模型只能用来显示数据，如果需要更新数据，请使用 DataSet getDataSet(String cmdText)
     * @param conn 数据库连接
     * @param cmdText 需要 ? 参数的 SQL 语句
     * @param cmdParams SQL 语句的参数表
     * @return 表格数据模型
     */
    public static DefaultTableModel getTableModel(Connection conn, String cmdText, Object... cmdParams)
    {
        ResultSet rs = getResultSet(conn, cmdText, cmdParams);
        DefaultTableModel tm = buildTableModel(rs);
        closeEx(rs);
        return tm;
    }

    /**
     * 获取一个具有更新功能的数据模型 如果只要读取数据，就不要用它了
     * @param cmdText 能返回一个数据集的查询SQL 语句
     * @return 表格数据模型
     */
   /* public static DataSet getDataSet(String cmdText)
    {
        Statement stmt = getStatement();
        DataSet dbc = new DataSet();
        if (stmt == null)
        {
            dbc.code = -2;
            return dbc;
        }
        try
        {
            // 查询语句
            dbc.rs = stmt.executeQuery(cmdText);
            dbc.model = buildTableModel(dbc.rs);
            dbc.code = dbc.model.getRowCount();
        } catch (SQLException ex)
        {
            Logger.getLogger(SQLHelper.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
            dbc.code = -1;
        }

        return dbc;
    }*/

    /**
     * 获取一个具有更新功能的数据模型 如果只要读取数据，就不要用它了
     * @param conn 数据库连接
     * @param cmdText 能返回一个数据集的查询SQL 语句
     * @return 表格数据模型
     */
   /* public static DataSet getDataSet(Connection conn, String cmdText)
    {
        Statement stmt = getStatement(conn);
        DataSet dbc = new DataSet();
        if (stmt == null)
        {
            dbc.code = -2;
            return dbc;
        }
        try
        {
            // 查询语句
            dbc.rs = stmt.executeQuery(cmdText);
            dbc.model = buildTableModel(dbc.rs);
            dbc.code = dbc.model.getRowCount();
        } catch (SQLException ex)
        {
            Logger.getLogger(SQLHelper.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
            dbc.code = -1;
        }

        return dbc;
    }*/

    /**
     * 获取一个具有更新功能的数据模型 如果只要读取数据，就不要用它了
     * @param cmdText 需要 ? 参数的 SQL 语句
     * @param cmdParams SQL 语句的参数表
     * @return 表格数据模型
     */
   /* public static DataSet getDataSet(String cmdText, Object... cmdParams)
    {
        PreparedStatement pstmt = getPreparedStatement(cmdText, cmdParams);
        DataSet dbc = new DataSet();
        if (pstmt == null)
        {
            dbc.code = -2;
            return dbc;
        }
        try
        {
            // 查询语句
            dbc.rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
            dbc.model = buildTableModel(dbc.rs);
            dbc.code = dbc.model.getRowCount();
        } catch (SQLException ex)
        {
            Logger.getLogger(SQLHelper.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
            dbc.code = -1;
        }

        return dbc;
    }
*/
    /**
     * 获取一个具有更新功能的数据模型 如果只要读取数据，就不要用它了
     * @param conn 数据库连接
     * @param cmdText 需要 ? 参数的 SQL 语句
     * @param cmdParams SQL 语句的参数表
     * @return 表格数据模型
     */
   /* public static DataSet getDataSet(Connection conn, String cmdText, Object... cmdParams)
    {
        PreparedStatement pstmt = getPreparedStatement(conn, cmdText, cmdParams);
        DataSet dbc = new DataSet();
        if (pstmt == null)
        {
            dbc.code = -2;
            return dbc;
        }
        try
        {
            // 查询语句
            dbc.rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
            dbc.model = buildTableModel(dbc.rs);
            dbc.code = dbc.model.getRowCount();
        } catch (SQLException ex)
        {
            Logger.getLogger(SQLHelper.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
            dbc.code = -1;
        }
        return dbc;
    }*/

    private static void close(Object obj)
    {
        if (obj == null)
        {
            return;
        }
        try
        {
            if (obj instanceof Statement)
            {
                ((Statement) obj).close();
            } else if (obj instanceof PreparedStatement)
            {
                ((PreparedStatement) obj).close();
            } else if (obj instanceof ResultSet)
            {
                ((ResultSet) obj).close();
            } else if (obj instanceof Connection)
            {
                ((Connection) obj).close();
            }
        } catch (SQLException ex)
        {
            Logger.getLogger(SQLHelper.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
        }
    }

    private static void closeEx(Object obj)
    {
        if (obj == null)
        {
            return;
        }

        try
        {
            if (obj instanceof Statement)
            {
                ((Statement) obj).close();
            } else if (obj instanceof PreparedStatement)
            {
                ((PreparedStatement) obj).close();
            } else if (obj instanceof ResultSet)
            {
                ((ResultSet) obj).getStatement().close();
            } else if (obj instanceof Connection)
            {
                ((Connection) obj).close();
            }
        } catch (SQLException ex)
        {
            Logger.getLogger(SQLHelper.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
        }

    }

    private static void closeConnection(Object obj)
    {
        if (obj == null)
        {
            return;
        }
        try
        {
            if (obj instanceof Statement)
            {
                ((Statement) obj).getConnection().close();
            } else if (obj instanceof PreparedStatement)
            {
                ((PreparedStatement) obj).getConnection().close();
            } else if (obj instanceof ResultSet)
            {
                ((ResultSet) obj).getStatement().getConnection().close();
            } else if (obj instanceof Connection)
            {
                ((Connection) obj).close();
            }
        } catch (SQLException ex)
        {
            Logger.getLogger(SQLHelper.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
        }
    }
}














DepartDemo.java
/**
 * 
 */
package demo2010.DAL;
/**
 * @Project:JavaDemoDB2010
 * @Package:demo2010.DAL.DepartDemo
 * @TypeName:DepartDemo
 * @FileName:DepartDemo.java
 * @Author Administrator:downmoon(3w@live.cn)
 * @CreateDate: 2010-9-20 上午10:25:56
 * @Version: 
 * @Comment: TODO
 */
/***********************************************************************
 * Module:  DepartDemo.java
 * Author:  Administrator
 * Purpose: Defines the Class DepartDemo
 ***********************************************************************/
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.util.*;
import demo2010.database.SQLHelper;

/** @pdOid 57256f7a-9449-41c6-93a5-0eef465552d4 */
public class DepartDemo {
   /** @pdOid 437bfdf8-3750-4db5-af5d-50747eb01559 */
   private long PKID;
   /** @pdOid 5ebafadf-55ac-4fb1-8641-439df447cc24 */
   private java.lang.String DName;
   /** @pdOid c896af73-a72a-4b8e-96ae-cb5ba5ad5792 */
   private java.lang.String DCode;
   /** @pdOid 53fe19a9-eb7b-4ac6-acaa-a508475f5692 */
   private java.lang.String Manager;
   /** @pdOid d950a7fc-2ea5-4653-aab3-fbdc616edbb2 */
   private int ParentID = 0;
   /** @pdOid b389d149-b255-47cb-928e-a0adcda19639 */
   private java.lang.String AddUser;
   /** @pdOid 824e133e-f450-4a32-a4be-326527337c66 */
   private java.util.Date AddTime;
   /** @pdOid 4845ee5e-93cf-4f1b-8478-f7ab983cd549 */
   private java.lang.String ModUser;
   /** @pdOid 0d89814b-5879-43a7-9c43-e88013ae96c8 */
   private java.util.Date ModTime;
   /** @pdOid cca1880e-0b09-47af-baf5-9fea47998e06 */
   private short CurState = 0;
   /** @pdOid cd288b50-8b3a-4ff4-96f8-34777c772558 */
   private java.lang.String Remark;
   /** @pdOid 8f8bc089-6df7-4f1b-b647-697b12de08cc */
   private int F1 = 0;
   /** @pdOid 43ebcbf9-c5ac-4346-9624-ab6a3c1afd9a */
   private java.lang.String F2;
   
   /** @pdOid cd03a547-3f8a-4e78-a006-dff1d4e1d359 */
   public long getPKID() {
      return PKID;
   }
   
   /** @param newPKID
    * @pdOid 8f40d44d-04d2-4a10-a1ef-42b337257747 */
   public void setPKID(long newPKID) {
      PKID = newPKID;
   }
   
   /** @pdOid 94341fa0-b4e2-4a85-b155-70ce5f90ae5f */
   public java.lang.String getDName() {
      return DName;
   }
   
   /** @param newDName
    * @pdOid 11f173c3-acbe-4846-a3a7-62b10f4f53b4 */
   public void setDName(java.lang.String newDName) {
      DName = newDName;
   }
   
   /** @pdOid 5f8e85b9-2219-4fee-ae6f-fc48e8fca92e */
   public java.lang.String getDCode() {
      return DCode;
   }
   
   /** @param newDCode
    * @pdOid f419799f-b64c-44cb-832b-71658a3a6363 */
   public void setDCode(java.lang.String newDCode) {
      DCode = newDCode;
   }
   
   /** @pdOid b125d8b8-4861-40c0-9918-683aa3510e3d */
   public java.lang.String getManager() {
      return Manager;
   }
   
   /** @param newManager
    * @pdOid 8066a269-a08c-451e-ab41-0e8adceca178 */
   public void setManager(java.lang.String newManager) {
      Manager = newManager;
   }
   
   /** @pdOid b6581403-2003-4059-b46a-b686e8fe87a7 */
   public int getParentID() {
      return ParentID;
   }
   
   /** @param newParentID
    * @pdOid 21272935-8797-4d46-882f-415677f7545f */
   public void setParentID(int newParentID) {
      ParentID = newParentID;
   }
   
   /** @pdOid 662710f6-bc84-4071-90da-b8f9bd639174 */
   public java.lang.String getAddUser() {
      return AddUser;
   }
   
   /** @param newAddUser
    * @pdOid c0642e79-f4c3-4dd9-ac79-ba06db58794b */
   public void setAddUser(java.lang.String newAddUser) {
      AddUser = newAddUser;
   }
   
   /** @pdOid ad230e1d-1caa-4568-8778-b3431bdbf542 */
   public java.util.Date getAddTime() {
      return AddTime;
   }
   
   /** @param newAddTime
    * @pdOid 7394dcb9-efd2-412f-81da-d329a67cf247 */
   public void setAddTime(java.util.Date newAddTime) {
      AddTime = newAddTime;
   }
   
   /** @pdOid 5d16cd72-49f3-40b6-b271-fec20375deef */
   public java.lang.String getModUser() {
      return ModUser;
   }
   
   /** @param newModUser
    * @pdOid 09ab4834-5cc0-40ef-8f84-ce6787d1f99b */
   public void setModUser(java.lang.String newModUser) {
      ModUser = newModUser;
   }
   
   /** @pdOid 96f2da21-bc48-4e0e-a5a1-2db386424401 */
   public java.util.Date getModTime() {
      return ModTime;
   }
   
   /** @param newModTime
    * @pdOid 93c8126d-0ce7-48f4-826a-6265da194c1b */
   public void setModTime(java.util.Date newModTime) {
      ModTime = newModTime;
   }
   
   /** @pdOid a464afb2-fd2f-4d79-b35b-d8e0b6ef6ea5 */
   public short getCurState() {
      return CurState;
   }
   
   /** @param newCurState
    * @pdOid 1e0fa26a-ba8f-416d-ae7a-e428479593c7 */
   public void setCurState(short newCurState) {
      CurState = newCurState;
   }
   
   /** @pdOid 362cbcd2-f2b7-4764-b29c-3895fe980e32 */
   public java.lang.String getRemark() {
      return Remark;
   }
   
   /** @param newRemark
    * @pdOid f77ee744-cd9b-4b54-8b2a-3b7d41f1727e */
   public void setRemark(java.lang.String newRemark) {
      Remark = newRemark;
   }
   
   /** @pdOid 16f132e7-ae70-4e97-a46e-26325c88980b */
   public int getF1() {
      return F1;
   }
   
   /** @param newF1
    * @pdOid 8ebb8cc2-f113-4486-93f9-629d374aa639 */
   public void setF1(int newF1) {
      F1 = newF1;
   }
   
   /** @pdOid ad061b23-d17b-408e-a3fa-d6817deaf3ff */
   public java.lang.String getF2() {
      return F2;
   }
   
   /** @param newF2
    * @pdOid 746c8dd2-288b-4478-bfac-83af9ba736be */
   public void setF2(java.lang.String newF2) {
      F2 = newF2;
   }
   
    /*
     * Find User by UserName
     */
    public static DepartDemo FindByPKID(int _pkid) 
    {
        
        DepartDemo depart = new DepartDemo();
        try {
                    
            ResultSet rs = SQLHelper.getResultSet("SELECT * FROM DepartDemo WHERE PKID = ?",_pkid);
            if (rs.next()) 
            {
                depart.setPKID(rs.getInt("PKID"));
                depart.setDName(rs.getString("DName"));
                depart.setManager(rs.getString("Manager"));
                depart.setDCode(rs.getString("DCode"));
                depart.setParentID(rs.getInt("ParentID"));
                depart.setAddUser(rs.getString("AddUser"));
                depart.setModUser(rs.getString("ModUser"));
                //depart.setAddTime(DataConvert.StrTosqlDate(rs.getString("AddTime")));
                depart.setAddTime(rs.getDate("AddTime"));
                depart.setModTime(rs.getDate("ModTime"));
                depart.setF1(rs.getInt("F1"));
                depart.setF2(rs.getString("F2"));
                depart.setRemark(rs.getString("Remark"));
            }
            else 
            {
                depart = null;
            }
        } 
        catch (Exception e) 
        {
            System.err.println(e);
        }
        
        return depar



































测试代码










package demo2010.test;
import demo2010.DAL.DepartDemo;
public class TestDbMain {
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
GetDepartDemoByPKID(101);
}
public static void GetDepartDemoByPKID(int pkid) {
try {
DepartDemo d = DepartDemo.FindByPKID(pkid);
if (d != null) {
System.out.println("部门："+d.getDName());
System.out.println("领导："+d.getManager());
System.out.println("职能："+d.getRemark());
}
} catch (Exception e1) {
System.out.println("出错:" + e1);
}
}
}

配置文件demo2010.txt内容(位于src根路径下)

driver=com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver sqlserver.url=jdbc:sqlserver://ap3//DBServer:1433;DatabaseName=Db2010Demo sqlserver.user=sa sqlserver.password=sa sqlserver.maxconn=2000

测试结果






























 为了更加清楚地说明数据连接的有关特性，我们用一种更原始的数据读取方式：

 

DBConnect.java的代码如下：







/**
*
*/
package demo2010.database;
/**
* @Project:JavaDemoDB2010
* @Package:demo2010.database.DBConnect
* @TypeName:DBConnect
* @FileName:DBConnect.java
* @Author Administrator:downmoon(3w@live.cn)
* @CreateDate: 2010-9-20 上午09:12:21
* @Version:
* @Comment: TODO
*/
import java.sql.*;
import demo2010.database.DBConnectionManager;
public class DBConnect {
private Connection conn = null;
private Statement stmt = null;
private PreparedStatement prepstmt = null;
private DBConnectionManager dcm = null;
void init() {
dcm = DBConnectionManager.getInstance();
conn = dcm.getConnection("sqlserver");
}
/**
* 构造数据库的连接和访问类
*/
public DBConnect() throws Exception {
init();
stmt = conn.createStatement();
}
public DBConnect(int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency)
throws Exception {
init();
stmt = conn.createStatement(resultSetType, resultSetConcurrency);
}
/**
* 构造数据库的连接和访问类 预编译SQL语句
*
* @param sql
* SQL语句
*/
public DBConnect(String sql) throws Exception {
init();
this.prepareStatement(sql);
}
public DBConnect(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency)
throws Exception {
init();
this.prepareStatement(sql, resultSetType, resultSetConcurrency);
}
/**
* 返回连接
*
* @return Connection 连接
*/
public Connection getConnection() {
return conn;
}
/**
* PreparedStatement
*
* @param sql
* 预设SQL语句
*/
public void prepareStatement(String sql) throws SQLException {
prepstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
}
public void prepareStatement(String sql, int resultSetType,
int resultSetConcurrency) throws SQLException {
prepstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql, resultSetType,
resultSetConcurrency);
}
/**
* 设置对应值
*
* @param index
* 参数索引
* @param value
* 对应值
*/
public void setString(int index, String value) throws SQLException {
prepstmt.setString(index, value);
}
public void setInt(int index, int value) throws SQLException {
prepstmt.setInt(index, value);
}
public void setBoolean(int index, boolean value) throws SQLException {
prepstmt.setBoolean(index, value);
}
public void setDate(int index, Date value) throws SQLException {
prepstmt.setDate(index, value);
}
public void setTimestamp(int index, Timestamp value) throws SQLException {
prepstmt.setTimestamp(index, value);
}
public void setLong(int index, long value) throws SQLException {
prepstmt.setLong(index, value);
}
public void setFloat(int index, float value) throws SQLException {
prepstmt.setFloat(index, value);
}
public void setBytes(int index, byte[] value) throws SQLException {
prepstmt.setBytes(index, value);
}
public void clearParameters() throws SQLException {
prepstmt.clearParameters();
prepstmt = null;
}
/**
* 返回预设状态
*/
public PreparedStatement getPreparedStatement() {
return prepstmt;
}
/**
* 返回状态
*
* @return Statement 状态
*/
public Statement getStatement() {
return stmt;
}
/**
* 执行SQL语句返回字段集
*
* @param sql
* SQL语句
* @return ResultSet 字段集
*/
public ResultSet executeQuery(String sql) throws SQLException {
if (stmt != null) {
return stmt.executeQuery(sql);
} else
return null;
}
public ResultSet executeQuery() throws SQLException {
if (prepstmt != null) {
return prepstmt.executeQuery();
} else
return null;
}
/**
* 执行SQL语句
*
* @param sql
* SQL语句
*/
public void executeUpdate(String sql) throws SQLException {
if (stmt != null)
stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
}
public void executeUpdate() throws SQLException {
if (prepstmt != null)
prepstmt.executeUpdate();
}
/**
* 关闭连接
*/
public void close() throws Exception {
if (stmt != null) {
stmt.close();
stmt = null;
}
if (prepstmt != null) {
prepstmt.close();
prepstmt = null;
}
if (conn != null) {
dcm.freeConnection("sqlserver", conn);
}
}
}

相应的DepartDemo.java中部分代码如下：

public static DepartDemo FindByPKID(int _pkid) { DBConnect dbc = null; DepartDemo depart = new DepartDemo(); try { dbc = new DBConnect(); dbc.prepareStatement("SELECT * FROM DepartDemo WHERE PKID = ?"); dbc.setInt(1, _pkid); ResultSet rs = dbc.executeQuery(); if (rs.next()) { depart.setPKID(rs.getInt("PKID")); depart.setDName(rs.getString("DName")); depart.setManager(rs.getString("Manager")); depart.setDCode(rs.getString("DCode")); depart.setParentID(rs.getInt("ParentID")); depart.setAddUser(rs.getString("AddUser")); depart.setModUser(rs.getString("ModUser")); //depart.setAddTime(DataConvert.StrTosqlDate(rs.getString("AddTime"))); depart.setAddTime(rs.getDate("AddTime")); depart.setModTime(rs.getDate("ModTime")); depart.setF1(rs.getInt("F1")); depart.setF2(rs.getString("F2")); depart.setRemark(rs.getString("Remark")); } else { depart = null; } } catch (Exception e) { System.err.println(e); } finally { try { dbc.close(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); depart = null; } } return depart; }

运行结果同上

小结：
1、在C#非web项目中，应用程序默认的配置文件App.config位于项目根目录下，运行时自动复制到应用程序exe文件所在的路径下，如bin/debug下等。web项目中，web.config位于网站根目录下。
Java中读取属性文件位于src目录下，运行时会自动复制到bin目录下。
两者的默认路径都可以配置。

对于不同的框架如Spring等都有相应的配置文件读取方式，本文中并未涉及。
2、数据访问均采取相应的连接串形式。对连接池的控制机制也略有不同。

 

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