IBM e-learning : Analyze Your Use of Time

本课程包含如何组织工作、制定待办事项清单、设置优先级矩阵及识别工作中最有价值的时间等内容,帮助各层级员工有效管理时间。

  This is ibm e-learning course.  Below is the preface, I copy it here as original content:

Overview/Description
Target Audience
Expected Duration
Lesson Objectives


Overview/Description
This course contains lessons on how to get organized, how to prepare a "To Do" list, how to set a Priority Matrix, and how to identify the most valuable time in a workday.

Target Audience
Executives, manager, supervisors, team leaders, team members and anyone else who must meet the challenge of managing their limited time to get the most important work accomplished.

Expected Duration
2.0 hours

Lesson Objectives:

 

Getting Organized

  • realize the benefits of getting organized.
  • identify the items in a "To Do" list.
  • identify sources that affect the "To Do" list.

     

    The Priority Matrix

  • realize the values of prioritization.
  • identify the priority levels of a Priority Matrix.
  • identify the steps to save time.

     

    Most Valuable Time of Your Day

  • realize the value of managing a daily schedule effectively.
  • identify tasks to be performed at prime times and down times.
  • identify controllable time.
  • identify how to make effective use of a Time Log.
  • describe a Daily Plan.

    Below is  its index:

    1. Overview
    2. Getting orgnized
      1. Lesson Overview
      2. "To Do" List
      3. Source of a "To Do" List
    3. The Priority Metrix
      1. Lesson Overview
      2. Building a Priority Metrix
      3. Gain More Time
    4. Most Valuable Time
      1. Lesson Overview
      2. Prime Time and Down Time
      3. Controllable Time
      4. Time Log
      5. Daily Time

     

你提供的 YAML 文件是一个完整的 **GitHub Actions 工作流(Workflow)**,用于在 Dart 项目中实现持续集成(CI),包括:检出代码、安装 Dart SDK、获取依赖、静态分析和运行测试。 下面我将 **逐行解释该 workflow 的功能**,指出关键点,并提供优化建议和常见问题的解决方案。 --- ## ✅ 完整解释与说明 ```yaml # This workflow uses actions that are not certified by GitHub. # They are provided by a third-party and are governed by # separate terms of service, privacy policy, and support # documentation. ``` > ⚠️ 这是警告注释,说明使用了第三方 Action(`dart-lang/setup-dart`)。虽然不是 GitHub 官方认证的,但 `dart-lang` 是 Dart 团队自己维护的,**可信度高**,可放心使用。 --- ```yaml name: Dart ``` > 在 GitHub Actions UI 中显示的工作流名称为 “Dart”。 --- ```yaml on: push: branches: [ "main" ] pull_request: branches: [ "main" ] ``` > 触发条件: - 当向 `main` 分支推送代码时触发。 - 当有针对 `main` 分支的 Pull Request 时也触发(便于预检 PR 是否通过 CI)。 ✅ 推荐做法:确保 PR 合并前通过测试。 --- ```yaml jobs: build: runs-on: ubuntu-latest ``` > 定义一个名为 `build` 的 job,在最新的 Ubuntu 虚拟机上运行。 💡 提示:如果你需要 macOS 或 Windows 环境,可以改为 `macos-latest` 或 `windows-latest`。 --- ### 🔧 步骤详解 ```yaml - uses: actions/checkout@v4 ``` > 使用官方 Action 检出仓库源码到 runner 上,以便后续操作。 --- ```yaml - uses: dart-lang/setup-dart@9a04e6d73cca37bd455e0608d7e5092f881fd603 ``` > 安装 Dart SDK。这里指定了一个 **特定 commit hash**,而不是版本标签(如 `@v1`)。 📌 注意: - 优点:固定版本,避免意外更新导致构建失败。 - 缺点:无法自动获得安全更新或新功能。 🔧 建议(可选):改用语义化版本更清晰: ```yaml uses: dart-lang/setup-dart@v1 ``` 或者指定具体版本: ```yaml with: sdk: '3.5.0' # 明确指定 Dart 版本 ``` 参考文档:[https://github.com/dart-lang/setup-dart](https://github.com/dart-lang/setup-dart) --- ```yaml - name: Install dependencies run: dart pub get ``` > 获取项目的所有依赖项(相当于 `npm install`)。 📦 会读取 `pubspec.yaml` 并生成 `pubspec.lock`。 --- ```yaml # - name: Verify formatting # run: dart format --output=none --set-exit-if-changed . ``` > 被注释掉的步骤:检查代码是否经过 `dart format` 格式化。 ✅ 建议取消注释以强制团队统一代码风格: ```yaml - name: Verify formatting run: dart format --output=none --set-exit-if-changed . ``` 如果代码未格式化,此命令会返回非零退出码,CI 失败。 --- ```yaml - name: Analyze project source run: dart analyze ``` > 静态分析代码,检查类型错误、lint 规则(由 `analysis_options.yaml` 控制)等。 🔧 可增强为: ```yaml run: dart analyze --fatal-warnings ``` 或加上 info 级别提示: ```yaml run: dart analyze --fatal-infos ``` 这会让一些“信息级”问题也导致失败,提高代码质量。 --- ```yaml - name: Run tests run: dart test ``` > 运行 `test/` 目录下的所有测试。 🧪 要求: - 项目中有 `dev_dependencies: { test: ^... }` - 测试文件放在 `test/` 下,例如 `test/unit_test.dart` 你可以扩展测试选项,比如生成覆盖率报告: ```yaml run: dart test --coverage=coverage --report-on=lib/ ``` 然后配合 `dart_code_metrics` 或 `coveralls` 上报覆盖率。 --- ## 🛠️ 推荐改进版 workflow(增强功能) ```yaml name: Dart CI on: push: branches: [main] pull_request: branches: [main] jobs: build: runs-on: ubuntu-latest steps: - name: Checkout code uses: actions/checkout@v4 - name: Setup Dart uses: dart-lang/setup-dart@v1 with: sdk: stable # 或指定版本如 '3.5.0' - name: Install dependencies run: dart pub get - name: Check code formatting run: dart format --output=none --set-exit-if-changed . - name: Analyze code run: dart analyze --fatal-warnings - name: Run tests run: | dart test # 可选:生成覆盖率 # dart pub global activate coverage # dart test --coverage=coverage ``` --- ## 📂 你需要确保项目结构包含: ``` my_dart_project/ ├── bin/ ├── lib/ ├── test/ │ └── my_test.dart ├── pubspec.yaml ├── analysis_options.yaml # 自定义 lint 规则 └── .github/workflows/dart.yml ``` --- ## ✅ analysis_options.yaml 示例 ```yaml include: package:lints/recommended.yaml linter: rules: avoid_print: true prefer_single_quotes: true analyzer: exclude: - "build/**" ``` 推荐使用 [`lints`](https://pub.dev/packages/lints) 或 [`very_good_analysis`](https://pub.dev/packages/very_good_analysis) 包来标准化规则。 --- ## ✅ 成功运行后的效果 当有人推送代码或创建 PR 时: 1. 自动拉取代码 2. 安装 Dart 3. 安装依赖 4. 检查格式 ✔️ 5. 分析代码 ✔️ 6. 执行测试 ✔️ → 全部通过则标记为 ✅ Success → 任一失败则 ❌ Failed,阻止合并(若启用保护分支规则) ---
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