IBM e-learning : Analyze Your Use of Time (Getting Organized – “To Do” List)

本文介绍了一种有效的时间管理方法——待办事项列表。通过区分任务的重要性和紧急性,并合理分配时间,帮助个人提高工作效率并减少压力。

Want make the best use of your time? This topic introduces you to the skills required to make effective use of your time.

Steve Job once said, “You can not mandate productivity. You must provide the tools to let people become their best”. The “To Do” list is an effective tool to help you make the maximum use of your time.
 

A “To Do” list is a running, scratch-and-carry list of projects, tasks, and activities that may one day accomplished depending on their priority.
 

Karen works in the personnel department of a software company. She has a number of tasks to perform. Although she tried hard to do everything, she is unable to complete all the tasks. Her boss, Andrew, suggests that she maintain a “To Do” list that will help her get organized. How will a “To Do” list help her get better organized? Select all that apply:

l         She won’t to work harder.

l         She won’t to work at all.

l         She will be able to do everything.

l         She will focus on the important items.

 

First of all, accept the premise that not everything is doable. The key is to get right things done.

 

Initially, you can enter all items that have to be done in “To Do” list. But don’t worry about getting everything done. Focus on the most important and urgent items.

When the items in “To Do” list reach a high degree importance, they should be moved to a Daily Plan and crossed off the list.

The Daily Plan tracks those items until they are accomplished.

 

A Daily Plan is a prioritized list of activities and tasks that have to be accomplished.  The Daily Plan brings together all the tools, mechanisms, concepts, principles and ideas that needed to get organized.

 

A Daily Plan is different from “To Do” list. Click on the picture below to see how a Daily Plan differs from a “To Do” list.

A “To Do” list focus on the goals to be achieved over a period of time.

A Daily Plan focuses on the achievement of goals, so the plan is daily.

 

What are the items can be included to the “To Do” list.

l         Monthly project

l         Daily task

l         The name of your favorite author.

l         Household activities

l         Extra-curricular activities.

 

“To Do” lists are meant to be messy. Don’t waste time rewriting “To Do” list. After all they are “scratch and carry” list.

 

The “To Do” lists are made up with three columns:

l         description

l         important and urgent priority

l         pure time estimate

 

The first column is the description column. It contains a short description of task whose priority may warrant allocation of time to accomplish them.

 

The central column is the “urgent/important priority”. It contains the priority numbers coded one through four on the base of importance and urgency. The first has the topmost priority and the forth, the least priority.

 

The right-hand column is “pure time estimate”. The “pure time estimate” is the time required to execute the task without any interruptions.

 

Bob sets aside thirty minutes to type out the daily report the boss needs. But he is constantly interrupted by colleagues or phone calls. So the task which should take him half an hour takes him an hour to complete.

In the “pure time estimate” of his “To Do” list, how much time should he delegate to this task.

1.       Half an hour, that is the time taken to execute task.

2.       An hour, as it is the actual time taken to complete task when interruption time is included.

 

Pure time estimate is an innovation approach to your scheduling yourself realistically. Interruption by customers, system-imposed activities, and crisis issues make up the uncontrollable time, as that time is not available to work on things in “To Do” list. Subtract this amount of time from workday you will get pure controllable time. It is this amount of time that is actually available to accomplish items from “To Do” list.

 

What are the key components of “To Do” list:

1.       pure time estimate

2.       description of task to be accomplished

3.       code of urgent and important priority

4.       real time estimate


A “To Do” list is a simple but extremely powerful method of organizing yourself and reducing stress. It also motivates you to achieve what needs to be achieved efficiently.

Use the “To Do” list consisting of description, code of urgency/importance priority, and pure time estimate, to be more productive.

你提供的 YAML 文件是一个完整的 **GitHub Actions 工作流(Workflow)**,用于在 Dart 项目中实现持续集成(CI),包括:检出代码、安装 Dart SDK、获取依赖、静态分析和运行测试。 下面我将 **逐行解释该 workflow 的功能**,指出关键点,并提供优化建议和常见问题的解决方案。 --- ## ✅ 完整解释与说明 ```yaml # This workflow uses actions that are not certified by GitHub. # They are provided by a third-party and are governed by # separate terms of service, privacy policy, and support # documentation. ``` > ⚠️ 这是警告注释,说明使用了第三方 Action(`dart-lang/setup-dart`)。虽然不是 GitHub 官方认证的,但 `dart-lang` 是 Dart 团队自己维护的,**可信度高**,可放心使用。 --- ```yaml name: Dart ``` > 在 GitHub Actions UI 中显示的工作流名称为 “Dart”。 --- ```yaml on: push: branches: [ "main" ] pull_request: branches: [ "main" ] ``` > 触发条件: - 当向 `main` 分支推送代码时触发。 - 当有针对 `main` 分支的 Pull Request 时也触发(便于预检 PR 是否通过 CI)。 ✅ 推荐做法:确保 PR 合并前通过测试。 --- ```yaml jobs: build: runs-on: ubuntu-latest ``` > 定义一个名为 `build` 的 job,在最新的 Ubuntu 虚拟机上运行。 💡 提示:如果你需要 macOS 或 Windows 环境,可以改为 `macos-latest` 或 `windows-latest`。 --- ### 🔧 步骤详解 ```yaml - uses: actions/checkout@v4 ``` > 使用官方 Action 检出仓库源码到 runner 上,以便后续操作。 --- ```yaml - uses: dart-lang/setup-dart@9a04e6d73cca37bd455e0608d7e5092f881fd603 ``` > 安装 Dart SDK。这里指定了一个 **特定 commit hash**,而不是版本标签(如 `@v1`)。 📌 注意: - 优点:固定版本,避免意外更新导致构建失败。 - 缺点:无法自动获得安全更新或新功能。 🔧 建议(可选):改用语义化版本更清晰: ```yaml uses: dart-lang/setup-dart@v1 ``` 或者指定具体版本: ```yaml with: sdk: '3.5.0' # 明确指定 Dart 版本 ``` 参考文档:[https://github.com/dart-lang/setup-dart](https://github.com/dart-lang/setup-dart) --- ```yaml - name: Install dependencies run: dart pub get ``` > 获取项目的所有依赖项(相当于 `npm install`)。 📦 会读取 `pubspec.yaml` 并生成 `pubspec.lock`。 --- ```yaml # - name: Verify formatting # run: dart format --output=none --set-exit-if-changed . ``` > 被注释掉的步骤:检查代码是否经过 `dart format` 格式化。 ✅ 建议取消注释以强制团队统一代码风格: ```yaml - name: Verify formatting run: dart format --output=none --set-exit-if-changed . ``` 如果代码未格式化,此命令会返回非零退出码,CI 失败。 --- ```yaml - name: Analyze project source run: dart analyze ``` > 静态分析代码,检查类型错误、lint 规则(由 `analysis_options.yaml` 控制)等。 🔧 可增强为: ```yaml run: dart analyze --fatal-warnings ``` 或加上 info 级别提示: ```yaml run: dart analyze --fatal-infos ``` 这会让一些“信息级”问题也导致失败,提高代码质量。 --- ```yaml - name: Run tests run: dart test ``` > 运行 `test/` 目录下的所有测试。 🧪 要求: - 项目中有 `dev_dependencies: { test: ^... }` - 测试文件放在 `test/` 下,例如 `test/unit_test.dart` 你可以扩展测试选项,比如生成覆盖率报告: ```yaml run: dart test --coverage=coverage --report-on=lib/ ``` 然后配合 `dart_code_metrics` 或 `coveralls` 上报覆盖率。 --- ## 🛠️ 推荐改进版 workflow(增强功能) ```yaml name: Dart CI on: push: branches: [main] pull_request: branches: [main] jobs: build: runs-on: ubuntu-latest steps: - name: Checkout code uses: actions/checkout@v4 - name: Setup Dart uses: dart-lang/setup-dart@v1 with: sdk: stable # 或指定版本如 '3.5.0' - name: Install dependencies run: dart pub get - name: Check code formatting run: dart format --output=none --set-exit-if-changed . - name: Analyze code run: dart analyze --fatal-warnings - name: Run tests run: | dart test # 可选:生成覆盖率 # dart pub global activate coverage # dart test --coverage=coverage ``` --- ## 📂 你需要确保项目结构包含: ``` my_dart_project/ ├── bin/ ├── lib/ ├── test/ │ └── my_test.dart ├── pubspec.yaml ├── analysis_options.yaml # 自定义 lint 规则 └── .github/workflows/dart.yml ``` --- ## ✅ analysis_options.yaml 示例 ```yaml include: package:lints/recommended.yaml linter: rules: avoid_print: true prefer_single_quotes: true analyzer: exclude: - "build/**" ``` 推荐使用 [`lints`](https://pub.dev/packages/lints) 或 [`very_good_analysis`](https://pub.dev/packages/very_good_analysis) 包来标准化规则。 --- ## ✅ 成功运行后的效果 当有人推送代码或创建 PR 时: 1. 自动拉取代码 2. 安装 Dart 3. 安装依赖 4. 检查格式 ✔️ 5. 分析代码 ✔️ 6. 执行测试 ✔️ → 全部通过则标记为 ✅ Success → 任一失败则 ❌ Failed,阻止合并(若启用保护分支规则) ---
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