本文详细介绍了如何通过虚拟机管理器修改虚拟硬盘大小，并在此基础上添加分区、扩展逻辑卷组、调整文件系统大小，最终实现硬盘空间的有效扩展。通过此教程，您将了解如何在云控制器服务器上解决硬盘空间不足的问题。
the Extension of the Virtual Disk of the VirtualBox
Background:
I created a virtual disk of which the size is 5 GB for the cloud controller server. When I installed the mongodb, there is not enough space left.
Firstly, I will use the ‘df -h’ to check the usage of disk.
[cloud@controller ~(keystone_admin)]$ df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/controller--vg-root 2.6G 2.5G 272M 1% / udev 992M 4.0K 992M 1% /dev tmpfs 201M 388K 200M 1% /run none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock none 1001M 4.0K 1001M 1% /run/shm /dev/sda1 236M 59M 165M 27% /boot /dev/sdb1 100G 33M 100G 1% /srv/node/sdb1In the situation, I have to extend the space of the hard disk. It is lucky that the ‘/dev/mapper/controller—vg-root’ is the LVM. the LVM can be extended easily. Now we have 2 ways to extend it. One way is to create a new virtual disk and add it into the volume group to extend it. Another way is to resize the original virtual disk and then create a new partition and add it into the volume group. the first way is easier than the other. So I select the more complicated way because I can learn more.
Step 1: extend the virtual diske size
Before you run the command, please close the related VM.
The format of the command:VBoxManage modifyhd <VirtualDiskFileName> --resize <final_disk_size_megabytes>C:\Users\ezonghu\VirtualBox VMs\ub_ctrl>VBoxManage modifyhd ub_ctrl.vdi --resize 10240the command means to change the ‘ub_ctrl.vdi’ virtual disk to 10GB.
Step 2: add partition
Use ‘fdisk’ to add a partition.
The format of the command:fdisk <device_path>
The original partitions:Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 499711 248832 83 Linux /dev/sda2 501758 10483711 4990977 5 Extended /dev/sda5 501760 10483711 4990976 8e Linux LVMCheck the information of the partitions, you can see the size of the disk has been 10.7 GB. And then use the ‘n’ to add a new partition and the partition is primary and the start is 10483712 and the end is 20971519. At last use the ‘w’ to write the partition table. And use
sudo partprobeto activate the configuration.cloud@controller:/var/log/mongodb$ sudo fdisk /dev/sda Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders, total 20971520 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000f20e5 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 499711 248832 83 Linux /dev/sda2 501758 10483711 4990977 5 Extended /dev/sda3 10483712 20971519 5243904 83 Linux /dev/sda5 501760 10483711 4990976 8e Linux LVMAnd then use the command
sudo fdisk -lto get the information of the whole disks.cloud@controller:/var/log/mongodb$ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders, total 20971520 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000f20e5 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 499711 248832 83 Linux /dev/sda2 501758 10483711 4990977 5 Extended /dev/sda3 10483712 20971519 5243904 83 Linux /dev/sda5 501760 10483711 4990976 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes 43 heads, 44 sectors/track, 110843 cylinders, total 209715200 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x60e30023 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 209715199 104856576 83 Linux Disk /dev/mapper/controller--vg-root: 7247 MB, 7247757312 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 881 cylinders, total 14155776 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/controller--vg-root doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/mapper/controller--vg-swap_1: 2143 MB, 2143289344 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 260 cylinders, total 4186112 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/controller--vg-swap_1 doesn't contain a valid partition tableUse the command
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda3to make the ext4 filesystem.
Step3: create physical volume
use the command
sudo pvcreate /dev/sda3to create the physical volume
use the commandsudo pvdisplayto get the information of the physical volumes.
Step4: add a new physical volume to the volume group
use the command
sudo vgdisplayto get the information of the volume group.
use the commandsudo vgextend controller-vg /dev/sda3to extend the ‘contrller-vg’ volume group.
Step5: extend the logical volume
use the command
sudo lvdisplayto get the information of the logical volume.
use the commandsudo lvextend -L +2048M /dev/controller-vg/rootto extend the 2GB space in the ‘/dev/controller-vg/root’ logical volume.
Step6: resize the file system
use the command
sudo resize2fs -p /dev/controller-vg/rootto resize.
Step7: check the result of the actions
generated by haroopad[cloud@controller ~(keystone_admin)]$ df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/controller--vg-root 6.6G 2.6G 3.7G 41% / udev 992M 4.0K 992M 1% /dev tmpfs 201M 388K 200M 1% /run none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock none 1001M 4.0K 1001M 1% /run/shm /dev/sda1 236M 59M 165M 27% /boot /dev/sdb1 100G 33M 100G 1% /srv/node/sdb1
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