Merge Two Sorted List

本文介绍了一种非递归方法来合并两个已排序的链表。该算法首先确定新链表的头部节点,然后通过遍历两个输入链表并比较当前节点的值来逐个构建合并后的链表。当其中一个链表遍历完成后,将另一个链表剩余部分连接到合并链表的末尾。
ListNode *mergeTwoLists(ListNode *l1, ListNode *l2) {
    
    if(NULL == l1) return l2;
    if(NULL == l2) return l1;
    
    ListNode* head=NULL;    // head of the list to return
    
    // find first element (can use dummy node to put this part inside of the loop)
    if(l1->val < l2->val)       { head = l1; l1 = l1->next; }
    else                        { head = l2; l2 = l2->next; }
    
    ListNode* p = head;     // pointer to form new list
    
    // I use && to remove extra IF from the loop
    while(l1 && l2){
        if(l1->val < l2->val)   { p->next = l1; l1 = l1->next; }
        else                    { p->next = l2; l2 = l2->next; }
        p=p->next;
    }
    
    // add the rest of the tail, done!
    if(l1)  p->next=l1;
    else    p->next=l2;
    
    return head;
}
leetcode上的非递归解法
注意:要返回的临时列表要有一个指针充当表头,添加元素的操作为先让.next指针指向要添加的元素,再使p指针指向这个元素。
边界条件的判别:空链表
To merge k sorted linked lists, one approach is to repeatedly merge two of the linked lists until all k lists have been merged into one. We can use a priority queue to keep track of the minimum element across all k linked lists at any given time. Here's the code to implement this idea: ``` struct ListNode { int val; ListNode* next; ListNode(int x) : val(x), next(NULL) {} }; // Custom comparator for the priority queue struct CompareNode { bool operator()(const ListNode* node1, const ListNode* node2) const { return node1->val > node2->val; } }; ListNode* mergeKLists(vector<ListNode*>& lists) { priority_queue<ListNode*, vector<ListNode*>, CompareNode> pq; for (ListNode* list : lists) { if (list) { pq.push(list); } } ListNode* dummy = new ListNode(-1); ListNode* curr = dummy; while (!pq.empty()) { ListNode* node = pq.top(); pq.pop(); curr->next = node; curr = curr->next; if (node->next) { pq.push(node->next); } } return dummy->next; } ``` We start by initializing a priority queue with all the head nodes of the k linked lists. We use a custom comparator that compares the values of two nodes and returns true if the first node's value is less than the second node's value. We then create a dummy node to serve as the head of the merged linked list, and a current node to keep track of the last node in the merged linked list. We repeatedly pop the minimum node from the priority queue and append it to the merged linked list. If the popped node has a next node, we push it onto the priority queue. Once the priority queue is empty, we return the head of the merged linked list. Note that this implementation has a time complexity of O(n log k), where n is the total number of nodes across all k linked lists, and a space complexity of O(k).
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