1、词法分析将Java源文件的字符流转变为对应的Token流。
JavacParser类规定了哪些词是符合Java语言规范规定的词,而具体读取和归类不同词法的操作由Scanner类来完成。
首先来看一下词法分析:
/**
CompilationUnit = [ { "@" Annotation } PACKAGE Qualident ";"] {ImportDeclaration} {TypeDeclaration}
*/
public JCTree.JCCompilationUnit parseCompilationUnit() {
int pos = S.pos();
JCExpression pid = null;
String dc = S.docComment();
JCModifiers mods = null;
List<JCAnnotation> packageAnnotations = List.nil();
if (S.token() == MONKEYS_AT)
mods = modifiersOpt();
if (S.token() == PACKAGE) {
if (mods != null) {
checkNoMods(mods.flags);
packageAnnotations = mods.annotations;
mods = null;
}
S.nextToken();
pid = qualident();
accept(SEMI);
}
ListBuffer<JCTree> defs = new ListBuffer<JCTree>();
boolean checkForImports = true;
while (S.token() != EOF) {
if (S.pos() <= errorEndPos) {
// error recovery
skip(checkForImports, false, false, false);
if (S.token() == EOF)
break;
}
if (checkForImports && mods == null && S.token() == IMPORT) {
defs.append(importDeclaration());
} else {
JCTree def = typeDeclaration(mods);
if (keepDocComments && dc != null && docComments.get(def) == dc) {
// If the first type declaration has consumed the first doc
// comment, then don't use it for the top level comment as well.
dc = null;
}
if (def instanceof JCExpressionStatement)
def = ((JCExpressionStatement)def).expr;
defs.append(def);
if (def instanceof JCClassDecl)
checkForImports = false;
mods = null;
}
}
JCTree.JCCompilationUnit toplevel = F.at(pos).TopLevel(packageAnnotations, pid, defs.toList());
attach(toplevel, dc);
if (defs.elems.isEmpty())
storeEnd(toplevel, S.prevEndPos());
if (keepDocComments)
toplevel.docComments = docComments;
if (keepLineMap)
toplevel.lineMap = S.getLineMap();
return toplevel;
}
可以看到,从源文件的第一个字符开始,按照Java语法规范依次找出package、import、类定义、以及属性和方法等,最后构成一个抽象的语法树。
其实在形成一个Token流时,在词法分析的过程中,可以归纳为三类,分别是:
(1)标识符号:如Token.PLUS、Token.EQ、Token.LBRACE、Token.RBRACE等
(2)Java的保留关键字:
数据类型:
Boolean\int\long\short\byte\float\double\char\class\interface
流程控制:
if\else\do\while\for\switch\case\default\break\continue\return\try\catch\finally
修饰符:
public
protected
private
final
void
static
strictfp
abstract
transient
synchronized
volatile
native
动作:
package
import
throw
throws
extends
implements
this
Super
instanceof
new
保留字:
true\false\null\goto\const
(3)Token.IDENTIFIER
用来表示用户自定义的类名、包名、变量包、方法名等
/**
* Qualident = Ident { DOT Ident }
*/
public JCExpression qualident() {
JCExpression t = toP(F.at(S.pos()).Ident(ident()));
while (S.token() == DOT) {
int pos = S.pos();
S.nextToken();
t = toP(F.at(pos).Select(t, ident()));
}
return t;
}
可以打开Scanner类中的如下属性来进行调试查看:
private static boolean scannerDebug = false;
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