汇编语言导论Introduction To Assembly

最新推荐文章于 2021-11-21 19:00:28 发布
最新推荐文章于 2021-11-21 19:00:28 发布
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本文介绍了汇编语言的基本概念，包括其与高级语言的区别、关键知识点如指令、寄存器、寻址和函数调用。讲解了如何通过汇编进行内存操作，以及在不同操作系统下的实践，并探讨了RISC和CISC处理器的寻址模式差异。

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语言

高级语言：

  • 非常具有人类可读性
  • 一行可以做很多事
  • 可快速编写以及调试
  • 非常适合企业软件

汇编语言：

  • 对CPU的要求很少
  • 大量控制
  • 执行速度非常快
  • 只需要很少的运行时支持
  • 非常适合嵌入式（embedded）/微型（tiny）系统

关于汇编的关键知识：

  • 指令易于编写和理解
  • 你需要很多个指令
  • 一些东西你必须自己动手去编写
    • 循环，基于块的流控制
  • 变量与高级语言的有所不同

变量

在高级语言中，当你看到 int a;

这意味着：分配空间给a，并允许我用a去引用这个空间。

这个空间可能是栈或者堆。

这是汇编语言通常无法提供的高级抽象。

关于我们如何存储字符串，数组，链表：

我们在寄存器中存储一个指向一个地址的指针，并使用它作为引用内存的基础。

寄存器（Registers）

每个CPU有一个小数量的(通常是8-16个)硬件“变量”。在机器内部，这些都有编号。在汇编中，我们将经常看到它们以相同的方式编号:例如R0 - R15。

在x86/x64中，你将会看到一些带有名字（rax，rbx，rcx）和数字（r8-r15）的寄存器。

你可以在你的

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