--校验规则
mysql> show databases ;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| dao |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use information_schema ;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
--校验规则名
--字符集名称
--校验规则ID
--是否为默认校验规则
--是否被编译到MYSQL SERVER中
--
mysql> select * from COLLATIONS order by 1 ,4 ;
+--------------------------+--------------------+-----+------------+-------------+---------+
| COLLATION_NAME | CHARACTER_SET_NAME | ID | IS_DEFAULT | IS_COMPILED | SORTLEN |
+--------------------------+--------------------+-----+------------+-------------+---------+
| armscii8_bin | armscii8 | 64 | | Yes | 1 |
| armscii8_general_ci | armscii8 | 32 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| ascii_bin | ascii | 65 | | Yes | 1 |
| ascii_general_ci | ascii | 11 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| big5_bin | big5 | 84 | | Yes | 1 |
| big5_chinese_ci | big5 | 1 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| binary | binary | 63 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| cp1250_bin | cp1250 | 66 | | Yes | 1 |
| cp1250_croatian_ci | cp1250 | 44 | | Yes | 1 |
| cp1250_czech_cs | cp1250 | 34 | | Yes | 2 |
| cp1250_general_ci | cp1250 | 26 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| cp1250_polish_ci | cp1250 | 99 | | Yes | 1 |
| cp1251_bin | cp1251 | 50 | | Yes | 1 |
| cp1251_bulgarian_ci | cp1251 | 14 | | Yes | 1 |
| cp1251_general_ci | cp1251 | 51 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| cp1251_general_cs | cp1251 | 52 | | Yes | 1 |
| cp1251_ukrainian_ci | cp1251 | 23 | | Yes | 1 |
| cp1256_bin | cp1256 | 67 | | Yes | 1 |
| cp1256_general_ci | cp1256 | 57 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| cp1257_bin | cp1257 | 58 | | Yes | 1 |
| cp1257_general_ci | cp1257 | 59 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| cp1257_lithuanian_ci | cp1257 | 29 | | Yes | 1 |
| cp850_bin | cp850 | 80 | | Yes | 1 |
| cp850_general_ci | cp850 | 4 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| cp852_bin | cp852 | 81 | | Yes | 1 |
| cp852_general_ci | cp852 | 40 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| cp866_bin | cp866 | 68 | | Yes | 1 |
| cp866_general_ci | cp866 | 36 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| cp932_bin | cp932 | 96 | | Yes | 1 |
| cp932_japanese_ci | cp932 | 95 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| dec8_bin | dec8 | 69 | | Yes | 1 |
| dec8_swedish_ci | dec8 | 3 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| eucjpms_bin | eucjpms | 98 | | Yes | 1 |
| eucjpms_japanese_ci | eucjpms | 97 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| euckr_bin | euckr | 85 | | Yes | 1 |
| euckr_korean_ci | euckr | 19 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| gb2312_bin | gb2312 | 86 | | Yes | 1 |
| gb2312_chinese_ci | gb2312 | 24 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| gbk_bin | gbk | 87 | | Yes | 1 |
| gbk_chinese_ci | gbk | 28 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| geostd8_bin | geostd8 | 93 | | Yes | 1 |
| geostd8_general_ci | geostd8 | 92 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| greek_bin | greek | 70 | | Yes | 1 |
| greek_general_ci | greek | 25 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| hebrew_bin | hebrew | 71 | | Yes | 1 |
| hebrew_general_ci | hebrew | 16 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| hp8_bin | hp8 | 72 | | Yes | 1 |
| hp8_english_ci | hp8 | 6 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| keybcs2_bin | keybcs2 | 73 | | Yes | 1 |
| keybcs2_general_ci | keybcs2 | 37 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| koi8r_bin | koi8r | 74 | | Yes | 1 |
| koi8r_general_ci | koi8r | 7 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| koi8u_bin | koi8u | 75 | | Yes | 1 |
| koi8u_general_ci | koi8u | 22 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| latin1_bin | latin1 | 47 | | Yes | 1 |
| latin1_danish_ci | latin1 | 15 | | Yes | 1 |
| latin1_general_ci | latin1 | 48 | | Yes | 1 |
| latin1_general_cs | latin1 | 49 | | Yes | 1 |
| latin1_german1_ci | latin1 | 5 | | Yes | 1 |
| latin1_german2_ci | latin1 | 31 | | Yes | 2 |
| latin1_spanish_ci | latin1 | 94 | | Yes | 1 |
| latin1_swedish_ci | latin1 | 8 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| latin2_bin | latin2 | 77 | | Yes | 1 |
| latin2_croatian_ci | latin2 | 27 | | Yes | 1 |
| latin2_czech_cs | latin2 | 2 | | Yes | 4 |
| latin2_general_ci | latin2 | 9 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| latin2_hungarian_ci | latin2 | 21 | | Yes | 1 |
| latin5_bin | latin5 | 78 | | Yes | 1 |
| latin5_turkish_ci | latin5 | 30 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| latin7_bin | latin7 | 79 | | Yes | 1 |
| latin7_estonian_cs | latin7 | 20 | | Yes | 1 |
| latin7_general_ci | latin7 | 41 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| latin7_general_cs | latin7 | 42 | | Yes | 1 |
| macce_bin | macce | 43 | | Yes | 1 |
| macce_general_ci | macce | 38 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| macroman_bin | macroman | 53 | | Yes | 1 |
| macroman_general_ci | macroman | 39 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| sjis_bin | sjis | 88 | | Yes | 1 |
| sjis_japanese_ci | sjis | 13 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| swe7_bin | swe7 | 82 | | Yes | 1 |
| swe7_swedish_ci | swe7 | 10 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| tis620_bin | tis620 | 89 | | Yes | 1 |
| tis620_thai_ci | tis620 | 18 | Yes | Yes | 4 |
| ucs2_bin | ucs2 | 90 | | Yes | 1 |
| ucs2_croatian_ci | ucs2 | 149 | | Yes | 8 |
| ucs2_czech_ci | ucs2 | 138 | | Yes | 8 |
| ucs2_danish_ci | ucs2 | 139 | | Yes | 8 |
| ucs2_esperanto_ci | ucs2 | 145 | | Yes | 8 |
| ucs2_estonian_ci | ucs2 | 134 | | Yes | 8 |
| ucs2_general_ci | ucs2 | 35 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| ucs2_general_mysql500_ci | ucs2 | 159 | | Yes | 1 |
| ucs2_german2_ci | ucs2 | 148 | | Yes | 8 |
| ucs2_hungarian_ci | ucs2 | 146 | | Yes | 8 |
| ucs2_icelandic_ci | ucs2 | 129 | | Yes | 8 |
| ucs2_latvian_ci | ucs2 | 130 | | Yes | 8 |
| ucs2_lithuanian_ci | ucs2 | 140 | | Yes | 8 |
| ucs2_persian_ci | ucs2 | 144 | | Yes | 8 |
| ucs2_polish_ci | ucs2 | 133 | | Yes | 8 |
| ucs2_romanian_ci | ucs2 | 131 | | Yes | 8 |
| ucs2_roman_ci | ucs2 | 143 | | Yes | 8 |
| ucs2_sinhala_ci | ucs2 | 147 | | Yes | 8 |
| ucs2_slovak_ci | ucs2 | 141 | | Yes | 8 |
| ucs2_slovenian_ci | ucs2 | 132 | | Yes | 8 |
| ucs2_spanish2_ci | ucs2 | 142 | | Yes | 8 |
| ucs2_spanish_ci | ucs2 | 135 | | Yes | 8 |
| ucs2_swedish_ci | ucs2 | 136 | | Yes | 8 |
| ucs2_turkish_ci | ucs2 | 137 | | Yes | 8 |
| ucs2_unicode_520_ci | ucs2 | 150 | | Yes | 8 |
| ucs2_unicode_ci | ucs2 | 128 | | Yes | 8 |
| ucs2_vietnamese_ci | ucs2 | 151 | | Yes | 8 |
| ujis_bin | ujis | 91 | | Yes | 1 |
| ujis_japanese_ci | ujis | 12 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| utf16le_bin | utf16le | 62 | | Yes | 1 |
| utf16le_general_ci | utf16le | 56 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| utf16_bin | utf16 | 55 | | Yes | 1 |
| utf16_croatian_ci | utf16 | 122 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf16_czech_ci | utf16 | 111 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf16_danish_ci | utf16 | 112 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf16_esperanto_ci | utf16 | 118 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf16_estonian_ci | utf16 | 107 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf16_general_ci | utf16 | 54 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| utf16_german2_ci | utf16 | 121 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf16_hungarian_ci | utf16 | 119 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf16_icelandic_ci | utf16 | 102 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf16_latvian_ci | utf16 | 103 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf16_lithuanian_ci | utf16 | 113 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf16_persian_ci | utf16 | 117 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf16_polish_ci | utf16 | 106 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf16_romanian_ci | utf16 | 104 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf16_roman_ci | utf16 | 116 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf16_sinhala_ci | utf16 | 120 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf16_slovak_ci | utf16 | 114 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf16_slovenian_ci | utf16 | 105 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf16_spanish2_ci | utf16 | 115 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf16_spanish_ci | utf16 | 108 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf16_swedish_ci | utf16 | 109 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf16_turkish_ci | utf16 | 110 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf16_unicode_520_ci | utf16 | 123 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf16_unicode_ci | utf16 | 101 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf16_vietnamese_ci | utf16 | 124 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf32_bin | utf32 | 61 | | Yes | 1 |
| utf32_croatian_ci | utf32 | 181 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf32_czech_ci | utf32 | 170 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf32_danish_ci | utf32 | 171 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf32_esperanto_ci | utf32 | 177 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf32_estonian_ci | utf32 | 166 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf32_general_ci | utf32 | 60 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| utf32_german2_ci | utf32 | 180 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf32_hungarian_ci | utf32 | 178 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf32_icelandic_ci | utf32 | 161 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf32_latvian_ci | utf32 | 162 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf32_lithuanian_ci | utf32 | 172 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf32_persian_ci | utf32 | 176 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf32_polish_ci | utf32 | 165 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf32_romanian_ci | utf32 | 163 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf32_roman_ci | utf32 | 175 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf32_sinhala_ci | utf32 | 179 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf32_slovak_ci | utf32 | 173 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf32_slovenian_ci | utf32 | 164 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf32_spanish2_ci | utf32 | 174 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf32_spanish_ci | utf32 | 167 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf32_swedish_ci | utf32 | 168 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf32_turkish_ci | utf32 | 169 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf32_unicode_520_ci | utf32 | 182 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf32_unicode_ci | utf32 | 160 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf32_vietnamese_ci | utf32 | 183 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8mb4_bin | utf8mb4 | 46 | | Yes | 1 |
| utf8mb4_croatian_ci | utf8mb4 | 245 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8mb4_czech_ci | utf8mb4 | 234 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8mb4_danish_ci | utf8mb4 | 235 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8mb4_esperanto_ci | utf8mb4 | 241 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8mb4_estonian_ci | utf8mb4 | 230 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8mb4_general_ci | utf8mb4 | 45 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| utf8mb4_german2_ci | utf8mb4 | 244 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8mb4_hungarian_ci | utf8mb4 | 242 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8mb4_icelandic_ci | utf8mb4 | 225 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8mb4_latvian_ci | utf8mb4 | 226 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8mb4_lithuanian_ci | utf8mb4 | 236 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8mb4_persian_ci | utf8mb4 | 240 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8mb4_polish_ci | utf8mb4 | 229 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8mb4_romanian_ci | utf8mb4 | 227 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8mb4_roman_ci | utf8mb4 | 239 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8mb4_sinhala_ci | utf8mb4 | 243 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8mb4_slovak_ci | utf8mb4 | 237 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8mb4_slovenian_ci | utf8mb4 | 228 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8mb4_spanish2_ci | utf8mb4 | 238 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8mb4_spanish_ci | utf8mb4 | 231 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8mb4_swedish_ci | utf8mb4 | 232 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8mb4_turkish_ci | utf8mb4 | 233 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8mb4_unicode_520_ci | utf8mb4 | 246 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8mb4_unicode_ci | utf8mb4 | 224 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8mb4_vietnamese_ci | utf8mb4 | 247 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_bin | utf8 | 83 | | Yes | 1 |
| utf8_croatian_ci | utf8 | 213 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_czech_ci | utf8 | 202 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_danish_ci | utf8 | 203 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_esperanto_ci | utf8 | 209 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_estonian_ci | utf8 | 198 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_general_ci | utf8 | 33 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| utf8_general_mysql500_ci | utf8 | 223 | | Yes | 1 |
| utf8_german2_ci | utf8 | 212 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_hungarian_ci | utf8 | 210 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_icelandic_ci | utf8 | 193 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_latvian_ci | utf8 | 194 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_lithuanian_ci | utf8 | 204 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_persian_ci | utf8 | 208 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_polish_ci | utf8 | 197 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_romanian_ci | utf8 | 195 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_roman_ci | utf8 | 207 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_sinhala_ci | utf8 | 211 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_slovak_ci | utf8 | 205 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_slovenian_ci | utf8 | 196 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_spanish2_ci | utf8 | 206 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_spanish_ci | utf8 | 199 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_swedish_ci | utf8 | 200 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_turkish_ci | utf8 | 201 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_unicode_520_ci | utf8 | 214 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_unicode_ci | utf8 | 192 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8_vietnamese_ci | utf8 | 215 | | Yes | 8 |
+--------------------------+--------------------+-----+------------+-------------+---------+
219 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> create database dao2 character set utf8 COLLATE utf8_sinhala_ci;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)
--实例级别
mysql> show create database dao2 ;
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Database | Create Database |
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| dao2 | CREATE DATABASE `dao2` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_sinhala_ci */ |
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> create table dao2_1 (c varchar(10)) charset utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_danish_ci
-> ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
--表级别
mysql> show create table dao2_1 ;
+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Create Table |
+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| dao2_1 | CREATE TABLE `dao2_1` (
`c` varchar(10) COLLATE utf8mb4_danish_ci DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_danish_ci |
+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
--列级别
mysql> show create table dao22 ;
+-------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Create Table |
+-------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| dao22 | CREATE TABLE `dao22` (
`a` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf16 COLLATE utf16_sinhala_ci DEFAULT NULL,
`b` varchar(100) COLLATE utf8_sinhala_ci DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_sinhala_ci |
+-------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
每一种字符集对应N中校验规则 COLLATIONS 表中IS_DEFAULT 指明了默认规则
mysql> select * from COLLATIONS order by 1 ,4 ;
+--------------------------+--------------------+-----+------------+-------------+---------+
| COLLATION_NAME | CHARACTER_SET_NAME | ID | IS_DEFAULT | IS_COMPILED | SORTLEN |
+--------------------------+--------------------+-----+------------+-------------+---------+
| armscii8_bin | armscii8 | 64 | | Yes | 1 |
| armscii8_general_ci | armscii8 | 32 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| ascii_bin | ascii | 65 | | Yes | 1 |
| ascii_general_ci | ascii | 11 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
armscii8 对应两种规则 其中默认使用armscii8_general_ci
校验规则名称与大小写区分
*_bin: binary case sensitive collation，也就是说是区分大小写的
*_cs: case sensitive collation，区分大小写
*_ci: case insensitive collation，不区分大小写
详见下例
mysql> show create table dao22 ;
+-------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Create Table |
+-------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| dao22 | CREATE TABLE `dao22` (
`a` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf16 COLLATE utf16_sinhala_ci DEFAULT NULL, --注意校验规则为utf16_sinhala_ci 不区分大小写
`b` varchar(100) COLLATE utf8_sinhala_ci DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_sinhala_ci |
+-------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into dao22 values ('a','a') ,('B','B'),('c','c');
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> commit ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from dao22 order by 1 ;
+------+------+
| a | b |
+------+------+
| a | a |
| B | B |
| c | c |
+------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from dao22 order by a COLLATE utf16_bin ;
+------+------+
| a | b |
+------+------+
| B | B |
| a | a |
| c | c |
+------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
本文介绍了MySQL中的校验规则，包括如何查看数据库、表和列的字符集及校验规则。通过`SHOW DATABASES;`、`SHOW CREATE DATABASE <db_name>;`、`SHOW CREATE TABLE <table_name>;`等命令展示了不同级别的字符集配置。同时，通过`SELECT * FROM COLLATIONS ORDER BY 1, 4;`展示了所有校验规则，强调了默认规则和区分大小写的规则（如*_bin、*_cs、*_ci）。最后，通过示例解释了不同校验规则对排序的影响。"
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