本文深入探讨HTML5游戏开发，涵盖渐变填充、文本绘制、动画制作及UI按钮设计，通过实战示例教授核心技巧。
HTML5 Game Development – Lesson 2. Today we continue a series of articles on game development in HTML5. Today we will continue basics (and maybe even advanced basics). I going to show you how to fill objects with gradient color, draw text, use custom fonts to draw text, basic animation, and most important: ui element – Button. Our previous article you can read here: Developing Your First HTML5 Game – Lesson 1. I going to work with our previous script – we will just enhance it. I going to draw text using custom font, animate object (square) filled with gradient color, and will draw ‘Play / Pause’ button to pausing animation.
HTML5游戏开发–第2课。今天，我们继续撰写有关HTML5游戏开发的系列文章。 今天，我们将继续基础知识(甚至可能是高级基础知识)。 我将向您展示如何用渐变颜色填充对象，绘制文本，使用自定义字体绘制文本，基本动画以及最重要的：ui元素– Button。 您可以在这里阅读我们以前的文章： 开发您的第一个HTML5游戏–第1课 。 我将使用先前的脚本-我们将对其进行增强。 我将使用自定义字体绘制文本，为动画对象(正方形)填充渐变色，然后绘制“播放/暂停”按钮以暂停动画。
Here are our demo and downloadable package:
这是我们的演示和可下载的软件包：
现场演示
[sociallocker]
[社交储物柜]
打包下载
[/sociallocker]
[/ sociallocker]
Ok, download the example files and lets start coding !
好的，下载示例文件并开始编码！
步骤1. HTML (Step 1. HTML)
Here are all html of my demo
这是我的演示的全部html
index.html (index.html)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" >
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<title>HTML5 Game Development - Lesson 2 | Script Tutorials</title>
<link href="css/main.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="http://html5shiv.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery-1.5.2.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/script.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<canvas id="scene" width="800" height="600"></canvas>
</div>
<footer>
<h2>HTML5 Game Development - Lesson 2</h2>
<a href="https://www.script-tutorials.com/html5-game-development-lesson-2" class="stuts">Back to original tutorial on <span>Script Tutorials</span></a>
</footer>
</body>
</html>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" >
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<title>HTML5 Game Development - Lesson 2 | Script Tutorials</title>
<link href="css/main.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="http://html5shiv.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery-1.5.2.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/script.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<canvas id="scene" width="800" height="600"></canvas>
</div>
<footer>
<h2>HTML5 Game Development - Lesson 2</h2>
<a href="https://www.script-tutorials.com/html5-game-development-lesson-2" class="stuts">Back to original tutorial on <span>Script Tutorials</span></a>
</footer>
</body>
</html>
步骤2. CSS (Step 2. CSS)
Here are used CSS styles.
这是使用CSS样式。
css / main.css (css/main.css)
/* general styles */
*{
margin:0;
padding:0;
}
@font-face {
font-family: "DS-Digital";
src: url("../fonts/Ds-digib.ttf");
}
body {
background-color:#bababa;
background-image: -webkit-radial-gradient(600px 300px, circle, #ffffff, #bababa 60%);
background-image: -moz-radial-gradient(600px 300px, circle, #ffffff, #bababa 60%);
background-image: -o-radial-gradient(600px 300px, circle, #ffffff, #bababa 60%);
background-image: radial-gradient(600px 300px, circle, #ffffff, #bababa 60%);
color:#fff;
font:14px/1.3 Arial,sans-serif;
min-height:1000px;
}
.container {
width:100%;
}
.container > * {
display:block;
margin:50px auto;
}
footer {
background-color:#212121;
bottom:0;
box-shadow: 0 -1px 2px #111111;
display:block;
height:70px;
left:0;
position:fixed;
width:100%;
z-index:100;
}
footer h2{
font-size:22px;
font-weight:normal;
left:50%;
margin-left:-400px;
padding:22px 0;
position:absolute;
width:540px;
}
footer a.stuts,a.stuts:visited{
border:none;
text-decoration:none;
color:#fcfcfc;
font-size:14px;
left:50%;
line-height:31px;
margin:23px 0 0 110px;
position:absolute;
top:0;
}
footer .stuts span {
font-size:22px;
font-weight:bold;
margin-left:5px;
}
h3 {
text-align:center;
}
#scene {
background-image:url(../images/01.jpg);
position:relative;
}
/* general styles */
*{
margin:0;
padding:0;
}
@font-face {
font-family: "DS-Digital";
src: url("../fonts/Ds-digib.ttf");
}
body {
background-color:#bababa;
background-image: -webkit-radial-gradient(600px 300px, circle, #ffffff, #bababa 60%);
background-image: -moz-radial-gradient(600px 300px, circle, #ffffff, #bababa 60%);
background-image: -o-radial-gradient(600px 300px, circle, #ffffff, #bababa 60%);
background-image: radial-gradient(600px 300px, circle, #ffffff, #bababa 60%);
color:#fff;
font:14px/1.3 Arial,sans-serif;
min-height:1000px;
}
.container {
width:100%;
}
.container > * {
display:block;
margin:50px auto;
}
footer {
background-color:#212121;
bottom:0;
box-shadow: 0 -1px 2px #111111;
display:block;
height:70px;
left:0;
position:fixed;
width:100%;
z-index:100;
}
footer h2{
font-size:22px;
font-weight:normal;
left:50%;
margin-left:-400px;
padding:22px 0;
position:absolute;
width:540px;
}
footer a.stuts,a.stuts:visited{
border:none;
text-decoration:none;
color:#fcfcfc;
font-size:14px;
left:50%;
line-height:31px;
margin:23px 0 0 110px;
position:absolute;
top:0;
}
footer .stuts span {
font-size:22px;
font-weight:bold;
margin-left:5px;
}
h3 {
text-align:center;
}
#scene {
background-image:url(../images/01.jpg);
position:relative;
}
Pay attention to ‘@font-face’. We will using this way to link custom font file (ttf) to our lesson (to draw at canvas).
注意“ @ font-face”。 我们将使用这种方式将自定义字体文件(ttf)链接到我们的课程(在画布上绘制)。
步骤3. JS (Step 3. JS)
js / jquery-1.5.2.min.js (js/jquery-1.5.2.min.js)
We will using jQuery for our demo. This allows easy bind different events (for mouse etc). Next file most important (here are all our html5 functional):
我们将使用jQuery进行演示。 这样可以轻松绑定不同事件(例如鼠标等)。 下一个最重要的文件(这是我们所有的html5功能)：
js / script.js (js/script.js)
var canvas, ctx;
var circles = [];
var selectedCircle;
var hoveredCircle;
var button;
var moving = false;
var speed = 2.0;
// -------------------------------------------------------------
// objects :
function Circle(x, y, radius){
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
this.radius = radius;
}
function Button(x, y, w, h, state, image) {
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
this.w = w;
this.h = h;
this.state = state;
this.imageShift = 0;
this.image = image;
}
// -------------------------------------------------------------
// draw functions :
function clear() { // clear canvas function
ctx.clearRect(0, 0, ctx.canvas.width, ctx.canvas.height);
}
function drawCircle(ctx, x, y, radius) { // draw circle function
ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(255, 35, 55, 1.0)';
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.arc(x, y, radius, 0, Math.PI*2, true);
ctx.closePath();
ctx.fill();
ctx.lineWidth = 1;
ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.0)';
ctx.stroke(); // draw border
}
function drawScene() { // main drawScene function
clear(); // clear canvas
// draw the title text
ctx.font = '42px DS-Digital';
ctx.textAlign = 'center';
ctx.fillStyle = '#ffffff';
ctx.fillText('Welcome to lesson #2', ctx.canvas.width/2, 50);
var bg_gradient = ctx.createLinearGradient(0, 200, 0, 400);
bg_gradient.addColorStop(0.0, 'rgba(255, 0, 0, 0.8)');
bg_gradient.addColorStop(0.5, 'rgba(0, 255, 0, 0.8)');
bg_gradient.addColorStop(1.0, 'rgba(0, 0, 255, 0.8)');
ctx.beginPath(); // custom shape begin
ctx.fillStyle = bg_gradient;
ctx.moveTo(circles[0].x, circles[0].y);
for (var i=0; i<circles.length; i++) {
ctx.lineTo(circles[i].x, circles[i].y);
}
ctx.closePath(); // custom shape end
ctx.fill(); // fill custom shape
ctx.lineWidth = 2;
ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(0, 0, 255, 0.5)';
ctx.stroke(); // draw border
// reverting direction
if (circles[0].x <= 300 || circles[0].x >= 385) {
speed = -speed;
}
// central object behavior
if (moving) {
circles[0].x -= speed;
circles[0].y -= speed;
circles[1].x += speed;
circles[1].y -= speed;
circles[2].x += speed;
circles[2].y += speed;
circles[3].x -= speed;
circles[3].y += speed;
}
drawCircle(ctx, circles[0].x, circles[0].y, (hoveredCircle == 0) ? 25 : 15);
drawCircle(ctx, circles[1].x, circles[1].y, (hoveredCircle == 1) ? 25 : 15);
drawCircle(ctx, circles[2].x, circles[2].y, (hoveredCircle == 2) ? 25 : 15);
drawCircle(ctx, circles[3].x, circles[3].y, (hoveredCircle == 3) ? 25 : 15);
// draw button
ctx.drawImage(button.image, 0, button.imageShift, button.w, button.h, button.x, button.y, button.w, button.h);
// draw text
ctx.font = '30px DS-Digital';
ctx.fillStyle = '#ffffff';
ctx.fillText('Play/Pause', 135, 480);
ctx.fillText(button.state, 135, 515);
}
// -------------------------------------------------------------
// initialization
$(function(){
canvas = document.getElementById('scene');
ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
var circleRadius = 15;
var width = canvas.width;
var height = canvas.height;
// lets add 4 circles manually
circles.push(new Circle(width / 2 - 20, height / 2 - 20, circleRadius));
circles.push(new Circle(width / 2 + 20, height / 2 - 20, circleRadius));
circles.push(new Circle(width / 2 + 20, height / 2 + 20, circleRadius));
circles.push(new Circle(width / 2 - 20, height / 2 + 20, circleRadius));
// load the guide sprite image
buttonImage = new Image();
buttonImage.src = 'images/button.png';
buttonImage.onload = function() {
}
button = new Button(50, 450, 180, 120, 'normal', buttonImage);
// binding mousedown event (for dragging)
$('#scene').mousedown(function(e) {
var mouseX = e.layerX || 0;
var mouseY = e.layerY || 0;
for (var i=0; i<circles.length; i++) { // checking through all circles - are mouse down inside circle or not
var circleX = circles[i].x;
var circleY = circles[i].y;
var radius = circles[i].radius;
if (Math.pow(mouseX-circleX,2) + Math.pow(mouseY-circleY,2) < Math.pow(radius,2)) {
selectedCircle = i;
break;
}
}
// button behavior
if (mouseX > button.x && mouseX < button.x+button.w && mouseY > button.y && mouseY < button.y+button.h) {
button.state = 'pressed';
button.imageShift = 262;
}
});
$('#scene').mousemove(function(e) { // binding mousemove event for dragging selected circle
var mouseX = e.layerX || 0;
var mouseY = e.layerY || 0;
if (selectedCircle != undefined) {
// var canvasPosition = $(this).offset();
var radius = circles[selectedCircle].radius;
circles[selectedCircle] = new Circle(mouseX, mouseY,radius); // changing position of selected circle
}
hoveredCircle = undefined;
for (var i=0; i<circles.length; i++) { // checking through all circles - are mouse down inside circle or not
var circleX = circles[i].x;
var circleY = circles[i].y;
var radius = circles[i].radius;
if (Math.pow(mouseX-circleX,2) + Math.pow(mouseY-circleY,2) < Math.pow(radius,2)) {
hoveredCircle = i;
circles[hoveredCircle] = new Circle(circleX, circleY, 25);
break;
}
}
// button behavior
if (button.state != 'pressed') {
button.state = 'normal';
button.imageShift = 0;
if (mouseX > button.x && mouseX < button.x+button.w && mouseY > button.y && mouseY < button.y+button.h) {
button.state = 'hover';
button.imageShift = 131;
}
}
});
$('#scene').mouseup(function(e) { // on mouseup - cleaning selectedCircle
selectedCircle = undefined;
// button behavior
if (button.state == 'pressed') {
moving = !moving;
}
button.state = 'normal';
button.imageShift = 0;
});
setInterval(drawScene, 30); // loop drawScene
});
var canvas, ctx;
var circles = [];
var selectedCircle;
var hoveredCircle;
var button;
var moving = false;
var speed = 2.0;
// -------------------------------------------------------------
// objects :
function Circle(x, y, radius){
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
this.radius = radius;
}
function Button(x, y, w, h, state, image) {
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
this.w = w;
this.h = h;
this.state = state;
this.imageShift = 0;
this.image = image;
}
// -------------------------------------------------------------
// draw functions :
function clear() { // clear canvas function
ctx.clearRect(0, 0, ctx.canvas.width, ctx.canvas.height);
}
function drawCircle(ctx, x, y, radius) { // draw circle function
ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(255, 35, 55, 1.0)';
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.arc(x, y, radius, 0, Math.PI*2, true);
ctx.closePath();
ctx.fill();
ctx.lineWidth = 1;
ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.0)';
ctx.stroke(); // draw border
}
function drawScene() { // main drawScene function
clear(); // clear canvas
// draw the title text
ctx.font = '42px DS-Digital';
ctx.textAlign = 'center';
ctx.fillStyle = '#ffffff';
ctx.fillText('Welcome to lesson #2', ctx.canvas.width/2, 50);
var bg_gradient = ctx.createLinearGradient(0, 200, 0, 400);
bg_gradient.addColorStop(0.0, 'rgba(255, 0, 0, 0.8)');
bg_gradient.addColorStop(0.5, 'rgba(0, 255, 0, 0.8)');
bg_gradient.addColorStop(1.0, 'rgba(0, 0, 255, 0.8)');
ctx.beginPath(); // custom shape begin
ctx.fillStyle = bg_gradient;
ctx.moveTo(circles[0].x, circles[0].y);
for (var i=0; i<circles.length; i++) {
ctx.lineTo(circles[i].x, circles[i].y);
}
ctx.closePath(); // custom shape end
ctx.fill(); // fill custom shape
ctx.lineWidth = 2;
ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(0, 0, 255, 0.5)';
ctx.stroke(); // draw border
// reverting direction
if (circles[0].x <= 300 || circles[0].x >= 385) {
speed = -speed;
}
// central object behavior
if (moving) {
circles[0].x -= speed;
circles[0].y -= speed;
circles[1].x += speed;
circles[1].y -= speed;
circles[2].x += speed;
circles[2].y += speed;
circles[3].x -= speed;
circles[3].y += speed;
}
drawCircle(ctx, circles[0].x, circles[0].y, (hoveredCircle == 0) ? 25 : 15);
drawCircle(ctx, circles[1].x, circles[1].y, (hoveredCircle == 1) ? 25 : 15);
drawCircle(ctx, circles[2].x, circles[2].y, (hoveredCircle == 2) ? 25 : 15);
drawCircle(ctx, circles[3].x, circles[3].y, (hoveredCircle == 3) ? 25 : 15);
// draw button
ctx.drawImage(button.image, 0, button.imageShift, button.w, button.h, button.x, button.y, button.w, button.h);
// draw text
ctx.font = '30px DS-Digital';
ctx.fillStyle = '#ffffff';
ctx.fillText('Play/Pause', 135, 480);
ctx.fillText(button.state, 135, 515);
}
// -------------------------------------------------------------
// initialization
$(function(){
canvas = document.getElementById('scene');
ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
var circleRadius = 15;
var width = canvas.width;
var height = canvas.height;
// lets add 4 circles manually
circles.push(new Circle(width / 2 - 20, height / 2 - 20, circleRadius));
circles.push(new Circle(width / 2 + 20, height / 2 - 20, circleRadius));
circles.push(new Circle(width / 2 + 20, height / 2 + 20, circleRadius));
circles.push(new Circle(width / 2 - 20, height / 2 + 20, circleRadius));
// load the guide sprite image
buttonImage = new Image();
buttonImage.src = 'images/button.png';
buttonImage.onload = function() {
}
button = new Button(50, 450, 180, 120, 'normal', buttonImage);
// binding mousedown event (for dragging)
$('#scene').mousedown(function(e) {
var mouseX = e.layerX || 0;
var mouseY = e.layerY || 0;
for (var i=0; i<circles.length; i++) { // checking through all circles - are mouse down inside circle or not
var circleX = circles[i].x;
var circleY = circles[i].y;
var radius = circles[i].radius;
if (Math.pow(mouseX-circleX,2) + Math.pow(mouseY-circleY,2) < Math.pow(radius,2)) {
selectedCircle = i;
break;
}
}
// button behavior
if (mouseX > button.x && mouseX < button.x+button.w && mouseY > button.y && mouseY < button.y+button.h) {
button.state = 'pressed';
button.imageShift = 262;
}
});
$('#scene').mousemove(function(e) { // binding mousemove event for dragging selected circle
var mouseX = e.layerX || 0;
var mouseY = e.layerY || 0;
if (selectedCircle != undefined) {
// var canvasPosition = $(this).offset();
var radius = circles[selectedCircle].radius;
circles[selectedCircle] = new Circle(mouseX, mouseY,radius); // changing position of selected circle
}
hoveredCircle = undefined;
for (var i=0; i<circles.length; i++) { // checking through all circles - are mouse down inside circle or not
var circleX = circles[i].x;
var circleY = circles[i].y;
var radius = circles[i].radius;
if (Math.pow(mouseX-circleX,2) + Math.pow(mouseY-circleY,2) < Math.pow(radius,2)) {
hoveredCircle = i;
circles[hoveredCircle] = new Circle(circleX, circleY, 25);
break;
}
}
// button behavior
if (button.state != 'pressed') {
button.state = 'normal';
button.imageShift = 0;
if (mouseX > button.x && mouseX < button.x+button.w && mouseY > button.y && mouseY < button.y+button.h) {
button.state = 'hover';
button.imageShift = 131;
}
}
});
$('#scene').mouseup(function(e) { // on mouseup - cleaning selectedCircle
selectedCircle = undefined;
// button behavior
if (button.state == 'pressed') {
moving = !moving;
}
button.state = 'normal';
button.imageShift = 0;
});
setInterval(drawScene, 30); // loop drawScene
});
Here are several explanations about new features. 1. We can draw text (with custom font) using next code:
以下是有关新功能的几种说明。 1.我们可以使用以下代码绘制文本(使用自定义字体)：
ctx.font = '42px DS-Digital';
ctx.textAlign = 'center';
ctx.fillStyle = '#ffffff';
ctx.fillText('Welcome to lesson #2', ctx.canvas.width/2, 50);
ctx.font = '42px DS-Digital';
ctx.textAlign = 'center';
ctx.fillStyle = '#ffffff';
ctx.fillText('Welcome to lesson #2', ctx.canvas.width/2, 50);
2. Applying gradient color to objects:
2.将渐变颜色应用于对象：
var bg_gradient = ctx.createLinearGradient(0, 200, 0, 400);
bg_gradient.addColorStop(0.0, 'rgba(255, 0, 0, 0.8)');
bg_gradient.addColorStop(0.5, 'rgba(0, 255, 0, 0.8)');
bg_gradient.addColorStop(1.0, 'rgba(0, 0, 255, 0.8)');
ctx.fillStyle = bg_gradient;
var bg_gradient = ctx.createLinearGradient(0, 200, 0, 400);
bg_gradient.addColorStop(0.0, 'rgba(255, 0, 0, 0.8)');
bg_gradient.addColorStop(0.5, 'rgba(0, 255, 0, 0.8)');
bg_gradient.addColorStop(1.0, 'rgba(0, 0, 255, 0.8)');
ctx.fillStyle = bg_gradient;
3. Button itself – I used one sprite image with all 3 button states. Also I added event handlers to hover/down events. Here are way of loading and drawing image at canvas:
3.按钮本身–我使用了一个带有3个按钮状态的子画面图像。 我也将事件处理程序添加到悬停事件中。 这是在画布上加载和绘制图像的方法：
buttonImage = new Image();
buttonImage.src = 'images/button.png';
.......
ctx.drawImage(image, sx, sy, sWidth, sHeight, dx, dy, width, height);
buttonImage = new Image();
buttonImage.src = 'images/button.png';
.......
ctx.drawImage(image, sx, sy, sWidth, sHeight, dx, dy, width, height);
步骤4.自定义文件 (Step 4. Custom files)
字体/Ds-digib.ttf和图片/button.png (fonts/Ds-digib.ttf and images/button.png)
Both files will available in our package
这两个文件都可以在我们的软件包中找到
现场演示
结论 (Conclusion)
Cool, isn’t it? I will be glad to see your thanks and comments. Good luck!
不错，不是吗？ 看到您的感谢和评论，我将非常高兴。 祝好运！
翻译自: https://www.script-tutorials.com/html5-game-development-lesson-2/
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