Linux文件系统管理-parted命令分区

1. Linux系统分区表

分区表	介绍
MBP分区表	支持最大分区2TB；最多支持4个分区，或三个主分区一个扩展分区
GPT分区表	支持18EB；做多支持１２８个分区，其中１个系统保留分区，１２７个用户自定义分区｜

而fdisk命令进行分区，只能建立MBP分区表
而parted命令可以使用GPT分区表，但是不支持ext3、ext4等文件系统

2. 使用parted命令进行分区

[root@localhost disk1]# parted /dev/sdb
GNU Parted 3.1
使用 /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) help                                                             
  align-check TYPE N                        check partition N for TYPE(min|opt) alignment
  help [COMMAND]                           print general help, or help on COMMAND
  mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE               create a new disklabel (partition table)
  #
  mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END     make a partition
  #创建一个分区
  name NUMBER NAME                         name partition NUMBER as NAME
  #
  print [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER]     display the partition table, available devices, free space, all
        found partitions, or a particular partition
  #显示分区表、活动设备、空闲空间、所有分区
  quit                                     exit program
  #退出
  rescue START END                         rescue a lost partition near START and END
  #修饰丢失分区
  resizepart NUMBER END                    resize partition NUMBER
  #修改分区大小
  rm NUMBER                                delete partition NUMBER
  #删除分区
  select DEVICE                            choose the device to edit
  #选择要编辑的设备
  disk_set FLAG STATE                      change the FLAG on selected device
  
  disk_toggle [FLAG]                       toggle the state of FLAG on selected device
  set NUMBER FLAG STATE                    change the FLAG on partition NUMBER
  #改变分区标记
  toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]]                   toggle the state of FLAG on partition NUMBER
  #切换分区表状态
  unit UNIT                                set the default unit to UNIT
  #设置默认单位
  version                                  display the version number and copyright information of GNU Parted
  #显示版本
(parted) print
#打印分区状态
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    Type      File system  标志
 1      1049kB  2149MB  2147MB  primary   ext4
 2      2149MB  21.5GB  19.3GB  extended
 5      2150MB  4297MB  2147MB  logical   ext4

(parted) mklabel gpt
#建立GPT分区表
警告: 正在使用 /dev/sdb 上的分区。
忽略/Ignore/放弃/Cancel? Ignore                                           
警告: The existing disk label on /dev/sdb will be destroyed and all data on this disk will be lost. Do you want
to continue?
是/Yes/否/No? yes                                                         
错误: Partition(s) 1, 5 on /dev/sdb have been written, but we have been unable to inform the kernel of the
change, probably because it/they are in use.  As a result, the old partition(s) will remain in use.  You should
reboot now before making further changes.
忽略/Ignore/放弃/Cancel? Ignore                                                                                      
(parted) print    
#打印分区状态                                                        
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start  End  Size  File system  Name  标志
(parted) quit                        
 #退出

重启电脑让分区生效

[root@localhost ~]# reboot

开始建立分区

[root@localhost ~]# parted /dev/sdb
GNU Parted 3.1
使用 /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) print                                                            
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start  End  Size  File system  Name  标志

(parted) mkpart                                                           
分区名称？  []? disk1                                                     
文件系统类型？  [ext2]?                                                   
起始点？ 1MB                                                              
结束点？ 2GB                                                              
(parted) print                                                            
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name   标志
 1      1049kB  2000MB  1999MB  ext4         disk1

(parted) quit  

进行文件系统的格式化

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
文件系统标签=
OS type: Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
122160 inodes, 487936 blocks
24396 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=501219328
15 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8144 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
	32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912

Allocating group tables: 完成                            
正在写入inode表: 完成                            
Creating journal (8192 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成

进行挂载

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/disk1/

查看挂载

[root@localhost ~]# mount 
/dev/sdb1 on /mnt/disk1 type ext4 (rw,relatime,data=ordered)