GNU Autotools (autoconf, automake, libtool, etc.) 自动化编译 (1) 简单示例

最新推荐文章于 2021-03-16 15:42:30 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2021-03-16 15:42:30 发布 · 3.7k 阅读

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#build #compiler #gcc #makefile #library #output

本文档提供了一个简单的GNU Autotools（autoconf, automake, libtool等）使用示例，适用于Linux平台。首先介绍了在Debian系统中安装相关软件包的步骤，然后通过创建名为'hello'的目录和编写hello.c源代码，逐步指导如何使用autoreconf生成configure文件，并执行编译过程。" 78155051,5853771,学生信息系统优化实践,"['前端开发', 'Windows应用开发', '用户界面', '数据库管理']

0. 操作平台: Linux

1. 软件包安装(Debian)

yes | sudo apt-get install gcc make autoconf automake libtool

2. 从一个例子谈起。

2.0 完整拷贝如下代码直接在终端执行或者保存为auto-example.sh，添加执行权限执行。或者参考2.1~2.5逐步执行。

echo "create directory ..."
echo_exit()
{
	echo "ERROR: $@"
	exit 1
}

# 1.
mkdir hello && cd hello || echo_exit "mkdir hello or cd hello failed"
cat > hello.c <<EOF || echo_exit "generates hello.c failed"
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
    printf("hello auto-tools!\n");
    return 0;
}
EOF

# 2.
cat > Makefile.am << EOF || echo_exit "generates Makefile.am failed"
bin_PROGRAMS = hello
hello_SOURCES = hello.c
EOF

# 3.
cat > configure.ac << EOF || echo_exit "generates configure.ac failed"
#                                               -*- Autoconf -*-
# Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.

AC_PREREQ([2.67])
AC_INIT([hello], [1.0], [yygcode@gmail.com])
AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE([-Wall -Werror foreign])
AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([hello.c])
AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([config.h])

# Checks for programs.
AC_PROG_CC

# Checks for libraries.

# Checks for header files.

# Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.

# Checks for library functions.

AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile])
AC_OUTPUT
EOF

# 4.
autoreconf --install || echo_exit "autoreconf --install failed"

# 5.
./configure && make || echo_exit "configure or make failed"

# 6.
make dist && make distcheck || echo_exit "make dist && make distcheck failed"

echo "All Do Over Success"

2.1 创建hello目录和源代码hello.c：

~$ mkdir hello && cd hello
~$ cat > hello.c <<EOF
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
    printf("hello auto-tools!\n");
    return 0;
}
EOF

2.2 创建 Makefile.am

~$ cat > Makefile.am << EOF
bin_PROGRAMS = hello
hello_SOURCES = hello.c
EOF

2.3 用 autoscan 生成configure.ac的模板configure.scan

~$ autoscan
~$ cat configure.scan
#                                               -*- Autoconf -*-
# Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.

AC_PREREQ([2.67])
AC_INIT([FULL-PACKAGE-NAME], [VERSION], [BUG-REPORT-ADDRESS])
AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([hello.c])
AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([config.h])

# Checks for programs.
AC_PROG_CC

# Checks for libraries.

# Checks for header files.

# Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.

# Checks for library functions.

AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile])
AC_OUTPUT

需要修改configure.scan的不问内容并保存为configure.ac。为了方便，直接用如下指令生成confi