sitecustomize.py 用法

本文介绍了在Python环境中设置默认编码为UTF-8的方法,以解决使用中文时可能出现的UnicodeError错误。通过在sitecustomize.py文件中设置sys.setdefaultencoding('UTF-8')和在每个含有中文的py文件中添加#-*-encoding:UTF-8-*-,可以确保程序正确显示中文字符。同时,对于使用py2exe打包的程序,需在源程序中导入sitecustomize模块以解决中文问题。

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1、在python安装目录下的lib下的site-packages 目录中,新建文件sitecustomize.py。这是个特殊的文件,在python启动时会自动执行其中的语句。在sitecustomize.py中的语句sys.setdefaultencoding("UTF-8")的作用是将默认编码设置为"utf-8",样使用中文时就不会出现 UnicodeError错误。设置前的默认编码是ASCII。
sitecustomize.py示例如下:
#!/usr/bin/python
import sys
sys.setdefaultencoding('UTF-8')

2、在每个含有中文的py文件中的开头加上#-*- encoding:UTF-8 -*-


另,若用py2exe 打包的程序中有中文时,则打包时要在源程序中加上import sitecustomize这句,即可解决问题。
A module that was compiled using NumPy 1.x cannot be run in NumPy 2.0.2 as it may crash. To support both 1.x and 2.x versions of NumPy, modules must be compiled with NumPy 2.0. Some module may need to rebuild instead e.g. with 'pybind11>=2.12'. If you are a user of the module, the easiest solution will be to downgrade to 'numpy<2' or try to upgrade the affected module. We expect that some modules will need time to support NumPy 2. Traceback (most recent call last): File "E:\ssshi\lib\site.py", line 589, in <module> main() File "E:\ssshi\lib\site.py", line 582, in main execsitecustomize() File "E:\ssshi\lib\site.py", line 521, in execsitecustomize import sitecustomize File "E:\PyCharm 2021.3\plugins\python\helpers\pycharm_matplotlib_backend\sitecustomize.py", line 43, in <module> import matplotlib File "E:\ssshi\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\__init__.py", line 109, in <module> from . import _api, _version, cbook, docstring, rcsetup File "E:\ssshi\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\rcsetup.py", line 27, in <module> from matplotlib.colors import Colormap, is_color_like File "E:\ssshi\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\colors.py", line 56, in <module> from matplotlib import _api, cbook, scale File "E:\ssshi\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\scale.py", line 23, in <module> from matplotlib.ticker import ( File "E:\ssshi\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\ticker.py", line 136, in <module> from matplotlib import transforms as mtransforms File "E:\ssshi\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\transforms.py", line 46, in <module> from matplotlib._path import ( AttributeError: _ARRAY_API not found E:\ssshi\python.exe: can't open file 'E:\pythonProject10\si.py': [Errno 2] No such file or directory 这是什么问题
03-15
C:\Users\e025822\AppData\Local\Continuum\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\gdspy\__init__.py:1354: RuntimeWarning: overflow encountered in double_scalars self.length += numpy.sqrt(length**2 + axis_offset**2) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<ipython-input-1-bb675daae09d>", line 1, in <module> runfile('D:/python/tk01-02/TK01-TK02.py', wdir='D:/python/tk01-02') File "C:\Users\e025822\AppData\Local\Continuum\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\spyder\utils\site\sitecustomize.py", line 705, in runfile execfile(filename, namespace) File "C:\Users\e025822\AppData\Local\Continuum\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\spyder\utils\site\sitecustomize.py", line 102, in execfile exec(compile(f.read(), filename, 'exec'), namespace) File "D:/python/tk01-02/TK01-TK02.py", line 261, in <module> top.save('TK01-TK02-1.gds') File "C:\Users\e025822\AppData\Local\Continuum\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\gdspy\__init__.py", line 2738, in save write_gds(gdsname,cells=cells) File "C:\Users\e025822\AppData\Local\Continuum\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\gdspy\__init__.py", line 5306, in write_gds current_library.write_gds(outfile, cells) File "C:\Users\e025822\AppData\Local\Continuum\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\gdspy\__init__.py", line 4530, in write_gds outfile.write(cell.to_gds(self.unit / self.precision)) File "C:\Users\e025822\AppData\Local\Continuum\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\gdspy\__init__.py", line 2964, in to_gds for label in self.labels) + struct.pack('>2h', 4, 0x0700) File "C:\Users\e025822\AppData\Local\Continuum\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\gdspy\__init__.py", line 2962, in <genexpr> for element in self.elements) + b''.join( File "C:\Users\e025822\AppData\Local\Continuum\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\gdspy\__init__.py", line 3832, in to_gds int(round(self.origin[1] * multiplier)), 4, 0x1100) error: argument out of range runfile('D:/python/tk01-02/TK01-TK02.py', wdir='D:/python/tk01-02') Start time: 2025-08-13 16:07:15 TK01 TK01_NMOS_Core 0.12 done time: 2025-08-13 16:07:15 TK01 TK01_NMOS_Core 10 done time: 2025-08-13 16:07:15 TK01 TK01_NMOS_IO_1.8V 10 done time: 2025-08-13 16:07:15 TK01 TK01_NMOS_IO_2.5V 10 done time: 2025-08-13 16:07:15 TK01 TK01_PMOS_Core 0.12 done time: 2025-08-13 16:07:15 TK01 TK01_PMOS_Core 10 done time: 2025-08-13 16:07:15 TK01 TK01_PMOS_IO_1.8V 10 done time: 2025-08-13 16:07:15 TK01 TK01_PMOS_IO_2.5V 10 done time: 2025-08-13 16:07:15 TK01 done time: 2025-08-13 16:07:15 TK02 TK02_NMOS_Core 0.12 done time: 2025-08-13 16:07:15 TK02 TK02_NMOS_Core 10 done time: 2025-08-13 16:07:15 TK02 TK02_NMOS_IO_1.8V 10 done time: 2025-08-13 16:07:15 TK02 TK02_NMOS_IO_2.5V 10 done time: 2025-08-13 16:07:15 TK02 TK02_PMOS_Core 0.12 done time: 2025-08-13 16:07:15 TK02 TK02_PMOS_Core 10 done time: 2025-08-13 16:07:15 TK02 TK02_PMOS_IO_1.8V 10 done time: 2025-08-13 16:07:15 TK02 TK02_PMOS_IO_2.5V 10 done time: 2025-08-13 16:07:15 TK02 done time: 2025-08-13 16:07:15 C:\Users\e025822\AppData\Local\Continuum\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\gdspy\__init__.py:1354: RuntimeWarning: overflow encountered in double_scalars self.length += numpy.sqrt(length**2 + axis_offset**2) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<ipython-input-2-bb675daae09d>", line 1, in <module> runfile('D:/python/tk01-02/TK01-TK02.py', wdir='D:/python/tk01-02') File "C:\Users\e025822\AppData\Local\Continuum\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\spyder\utils\site\sitecustomize.py", line 705, in runfile execfile(filename, namespace) File "C:\Users\e025822\AppData\Local\Continuum\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\spyder\utils\site\sitecustomize.py", line 102, in execfile exec(compile(f.read(), filename, 'exec'), namespace) File "D:/python/tk01-02/TK01-TK02.py", line 261, in <module> top.save('TK01-TK02-1.gds') File "C:\Users\e025822\AppData\Local\Continuum\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\gdspy\__init__.py", line 2738, in save write_gds(gdsname,cells=cells) File "C:\Users\e025822\AppData\Local\Continuum\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\gdspy\__init__.py", line 5306, in write_gds current_library.write_gds(outfile, cells) File "C:\Users\e025822\AppData\Local\Continuum\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\gdspy\__init__.py", line 4530, in write_gds outfile.write(cell.to_gds(self.unit / self.precision)) File "C:\Users\e025822\AppData\Local\Continuum\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\gdspy\__init__.py", line 2964, in to_gds for label in self.labels) + struct.pack('>2h', 4, 0x0700) File "C:\Users\e025822\AppData\Local\Continuum\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\gdspy\__init__.py", line 2962, in <genexpr> for element in self.elements) + b''.join( File "C:\Users\e025822\AppData\Local\Continuum\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\gdspy\__init__.py", line 3832, in to_gds int(round(self.origin[1] * multiplier)), 4, 0x1100) error: argument out of range
最新发布
08-14
C:\Users\86132\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\python.exe D:/cv/pythonProject2/main.py A module that was compiled using NumPy 1.x cannot be run in NumPy 2.1.3 as it may crash. To support both 1.x and 2.x versions of NumPy, modules must be compiled with NumPy 2.0. Some module may need to rebuild instead e.g. with 'pybind11>=2.12'. If you are a user of the module, the easiest solution will be to downgrade to 'numpy<2' or try to upgrade the affected module. We expect that some modules will need time to support NumPy 2. Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Users\86132\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site.py", line 617, in <module> main() File "C:\Users\86132\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site.py", line 610, in main execsitecustomize() File "C:\Users\86132\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site.py", line 549, in execsitecustomize import sitecustomize File "C:\Users\86132\Documents\PyCharm 2021.3.2\plugins\python\helpers\pycharm_matplotlib_backend\sitecustomize.py", line 43, in <module> import matplotlib File "C:\Users\86132\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\__init__.py", line 148, in <module> from . import _api, _version, cbook, _docstring, rcsetup File "C:\Users\86132\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\rcsetup.py", line 27, in <module> from matplotlib.colors import Colormap, is_color_like File "C:\Users\86132\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\colors.py", line 56, in <module> from matplotlib import _api, _cm, cbook, scale File "C:\Users\86132\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\scale.py", line 22, in <module> from matplotlib.ticker import ( File "C:\Users\86132\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\ticker.py", line 138, in <module> from matplotlib import transforms as mtransforms File "C:\Users\8613
03-22
<think>好的,我现在需要解决用户提到的NumPy 1.x与2.x版本兼容性问题,尤其是使用matplotlib时出现的模块崩溃错误。首先,我得理解问题的根源。用户可能在升级NumPy到2.x后,matplotlib或其他依赖库仍然依赖旧版本,导致API不兼容或函数调用失败。 首先,我应该检查matplotlib的官方文档,看看它支持的NumPy版本。如果用户使用的是较旧的matplotlib版本,可能不支持NumPy 2.x。这时候需要更新matplotlib到兼容的版本。另外,用户可能没有正确安装依赖,或者环境中存在多个版本的NumPy,导致冲突。 接下来,考虑虚拟环境的使用。如果用户没有使用虚拟环境,不同项目间的依赖可能互相干扰。建议用户为每个项目创建独立的虚拟环境,并确保安装的库版本兼容。 然后,关于依赖管理工具,比如pip和requirements.txt,用户可能需要明确指定NumPy的版本。例如,如果项目必须使用NumPy 1.x,可以固定版本为1.x的最新版,避免自动升级到2.x。同时,使用pip的--no-deps选项可能帮助避免依赖冲突,但需谨慎操作。 兼容性检查工具如`numpy.testing`模块中的函数可以检测代码中的不兼容用法。用户可能需要逐步替换废弃的函数或调整导入方式,比如在NumPy 2.x中某些模块路径可能变更,需要修改导入语句。 另外,如果用户无法立即升级所有依赖,可以考虑降级NumPy到1.x版本,同时记录问题以便后续处理。这时候需要确保其他库与NumPy 1.x兼容,避免降级后出现其他问题。 最后,长期维护方面,用户应定期更新依赖库,使用CI/CD进行自动化测试,确保版本更新后及时发现问题。同时,在代码中添加版本检查逻辑,提醒未来维护者注意兼容性问题。 总结下来,解决步骤包括:验证版本兼容性、使用虚拟环境、固定依赖版本、代码适配、降级处理以及长期维护策略。需要一步步引导用户排查问题,确保每个环节都处理到位,避免遗漏导致问题复发。</think>### 逐步解答 #### **1. 验证版本兼容性** - **检查matplotlib的兼容性要求**: 大多数情况下,matplotlib会明确支持的NumPy版本范围。例如,matplotlib 3.8可能仅支持NumPy 1.21-1.26,而matplotlib 3.9可能兼容NumPy 2.0+。运行以下命令查看matplotlib的版本和依赖: ```bash pip show matplotlib ``` 若发现版本过低,升级matplotlib: ```bash pip install --upgrade matplotlib ``` #### **2. 使用虚拟环境隔离依赖** - **创建独立环境**: 使用`venv`或`conda`避免全局依赖冲突: ```bash python -m venv numpy_compat_env source numpy_compat_env/bin/activate # Linux/Mac numpy_compat_env\Scripts\activate # Windows ``` - **安装兼容版本**: 在虚拟环境中显式指定NumPy和matplotlib版本: ```bash pip install "numpy<2.0" matplotlib==3.8 # 强制使用NumPy 1.x和兼容的matplotlib ``` #### **3. 固定依赖版本** - **通过`requirements.txt`管理**: 在项目根目录创建文件`requirements.txt`,内容如下: ``` numpy==1.26.4 matplotlib==3.8.2 ``` 运行安装命令: ```bash pip install -r requirements.txt ``` #### **4. 代码适配与兼容性修复** - **替换废弃的API**: 例如,NumPy 2.0移除了`np.int`,需替换为`int`或`np.int32`: ```python # 原代码 arr = np.array([1, 2], dtype=np.int) # 修改后 arr = np.array([1, 2], dtype=int) ``` - **调整导入方式**: 若遇到模块路径变更(如`np.core`重组),修改导入语句: ```python # 原代码 from numpy.core import some_module # 修改后 from numpy import some_module # 或根据新路径调整 ``` #### **5. 降级NumPy版本(临时方案)** - **卸载冲突版本并安装旧版**: ```bash pip uninstall numpy -y pip install "numpy<2.0" --no-cache-dir ``` #### **6. 长期维护策略** - **自动化测试与CI/CD**: 在GitHub Actions或GitLab CI中添加版本兼容性测试: ```yaml jobs: test: runs-on: ubuntu-latest strategy: matrix: numpy-version: ["1.26.4", "2.0.0"] steps: - name: Install dependencies run: pip install numpy==${{ matrix.numpy-version }} matplotlib - name: Run tests run: pytest tests/ ``` --- ### 相关问题 1. **如何检查Python库之间的依赖冲突?** 使用`pipdeptree`工具可视化依赖树: ```bash pip install pipdeptree pipdeptree ``` 2. **如何为旧项目批量升级依赖版本?** 使用`pip-upgrader`交互式更新: ```bash pip install pip-upgrader pip-upgrade requirements.txt ``` 3. **Docker如何解决环境隔离问题?** 通过`Dockerfile`固定基础镜像和依赖版本: ```dockerfile FROM python:3.9-slim COPY requirements.txt . RUN pip install -r requirements.txt ``` --- 通过以上步骤,可系统性解决NumPy版本不兼容问题,并建立长期维护机制[^1][^2]。
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