Linux核心数据结构（转）

Linux核心数据结构[@more@]本章列出了Linux实用的主要数据结构。
　　
　　block_dev_struct
　　
　　　　此结构用于向核心登记块设备，它还被buffer cache实用。所有此类结构都位于blk_dev数组中。
　　
　　struct blk_dev_struct {
　　void (*request_fn)(void);
　　struct request * current_request;
　　struct request plug;
　　struct tq_struct plug_tq;
　　};
　　buffer_head
　　
　　　　此结构包含关于buffer cache中一块缓存的信息。
　　
　　/* bh state bits */
　　#define BH_Uptodate 0 /* 1 if the buffer contains valid data */
　　#define BH_Dirty 1 /* 1 if the buffer is dirty */
　　#define BH_Lock 2 /* 1 if the buffer is locked */
　　#define BH_Req 3 /* 0 if the buffer has been invalidated */
　　#define BH_Touched 4 /* 1 if the buffer has been touched (aging) */
　　#define BH_Has_aged 5 /* 1 if the buffer has been aged (aging) */
　　#define BH_Protected 6 /* 1 if the buffer is protected */
　　#define BH_FreeOnIO 7 /* 1 to discard the buffer_head after IO */
　　struct buffer_head {
　　/* First cache line: */
　　unsigned long b_blocknr; /* block number */
　　kdev_t b_dev; /* device (B_FREE = free) */
　　kdev_t b_rdev; /* Real device */
　　unsigned long b_rsector; /* Real buffer location on disk */
　　struct buffer_head *b_next; /* Hash queue list */
　　struct buffer_head *b_this_page; /* circular list of buffers in one
　　page */
　　/* Second cache line: */
　　unsigned long b_state; /* buffer state bitmap (above) */
　　struct buffer_head *b_next_free;
　　unsigned int b_count; /* users using this block */
　　unsigned long b_size; /* block size */
　　/* Non-performance-critical data follows. */
　　char *b_data; /* pointer to data block */
　　unsigned int b_list; /* List that this buffer appears */
　　unsigned long b_flushtime; /* Time when this (dirty) buffer
　　* should be written */
　　unsigned long b_lru_time; /* Time when this buffer was
　　* last used. */
　　struct wait_queue *b_wait;
　　struct buffer_head *b_prev; /* doubly linked hash list */
　　struct buffer_head *b_prev_free; /* doubly linked list of buffers */
　　struct buffer_head *b_reqnext; /* request queue */
　　};
　　device
　　
　　　　系统中每个网络设备都用一个设备数据结构来表示。
　　
　　struct device
　　{
　　/*
　　* This is the first field of the visible part of this structure
　　* (i.e. as seen by users in the Space.c file). It is the name
　　* the interface.
　　*/
　　char *name;
　　/* I/O specific fields */
　　unsigned long rmem_end; /* shmem recv end */
　　unsigned long rmem_start; /* shmem recv start */
　　unsigned long mem_end; /* shared mem end */
　　unsigned long mem_start; /* shared mem start */
　　unsigned long base_addr; /* device I/O address */
　　unsigned char irq; /* device IRQ number */
　　/* Low-level status flags. */
　　volatile unsigned char start, /* start an operation */
　　interrupt; /* interrupt arrived */
　　unsigned long tbusy; /* transmitter busy */
　　struct device *next;
　　/* The device initialization function. Called only once. */
　　int (*init)(struct device *dev);
　　/* Some hardware also needs these fields, but they are not part of
　　the usual set specified in Space.c. */
　　unsigned char if_port; /* Selectable AUI,TP, */
　　unsigned char dma; /* DMA channel */
　　struct enet_statistics* (*get_stats)(struct device *dev);
　　/*
　　* This marks the end of the visible part of the structure. All
　　* fields hereafter are internal to the system, and may change at
　　* will (read: may be cleaned up at will).
　　*/
　　/* These may be needed for future network-power-down code. */
　　unsigned long trans_start; /* Time (jiffies) of last transmit */
　　unsigned long last_rx; /* Time of last Rx */
　　unsigned short flags; /* interface flags (BSD)*/
　　unsigned short family; /* address family ID */
　　unsigned short metric; /* routing metric */
　　unsigned short mtu; /* MTU value */
　　unsigned short type; /* hardware type */
　　unsigned short hard_header_len; /* hardware hdr len */
　　void *priv; /* private data */
　　/* Interface address info. */
　　unsigned char broadcast[MAX_ADDR_LEN];
　　unsigned char pad;
　　unsigned char dev_addr[MAX_ADDR_LEN];
　　unsigned char addr_len; /* hardware addr len */
　　unsigned long pa_addr; /* protocol address */
　　unsigned long pa_brdaddr; /* protocol broadcast addr*/
　　unsigned long pa_dstaddr; /* protocol P-P other addr*/
　　unsigned long pa_mask; /* protocol netmask */
　　unsigned short pa_alen; /* protocol address len */
　　struct dev_mc_list *mc_list; /* M'cast mac addrs */
　　int mc_count; /* No installed mcasts */
　　struct ip_mc_list *ip_mc_list; /* IP m'cast filter chain */
　　__u32 tx_queue_len; /* Max frames per queue */
　　/* For load balancing driver pair support */
　　unsigned long pkt_queue; /* Packets queued */
　　struct device *slave; /* Slave device */
　　struct net_alias_info *alias_info; /* main dev alias info */
　　struct net_alias *my_alias; /* alias devs */
　　/* Pointer to the interface buffers. */
　　struct sk_buff_head buffs[DEV_NUMBUFFS];
　　/* Pointers to interface service routines. */
　　int (*open)(struct device *dev);
　　int (*stop)(struct device *dev);
　　int (*hard_start_xmit) (struct sk_buff *skb,
　　struct device *dev);
　　int (*hard_header) (struct sk_buff *skb,
　　struct device *dev,
　　unsigned short type,
　　void *daddr,
　　void *saddr,
　　unsigned len);
　　int (*rebuild_header)(void *eth,
　　struct device *dev,
　　unsigned long raddr,
　　struct sk_buff *skb);
　　void (*set_multicast_list)(struct device *dev);
　　int (*set_mac_address)(struct device *dev,
　　void *addr);
　　int (*do_ioctl)(struct device *dev,
　　struct ifreq *ifr,
　　int cmd);
　　int (*set_config)(struct device *dev,
　　struct ifmap *map);
　　void (*header_cache_bind)(struct hh_cache **hhp,
　　struct device *dev,
　　unsigned short htype,
　　__u32 daddr);
　　void (*header_cache_update)(struct hh_cache *hh,
　　struct device *dev,
　　unsigned char * haddr);
　　int (*change_mtu)(struct device *dev,
　　int new_mtu);
　　struct iw_statistics* (*get_wireless_stats)(struct device *dev);
　　};
　　device_struct
　　
　　　　此结构被块设备和字符设备用来向核心登记（包含设备名称以及可对此设备进行的文件操作）。chrdevs和blkdevs中的每个有效分别表示一个字符设备和块设备。
　　
　　struct device_struct {
　　const char * name;
　　struct file_operations * fops;
　　};
　　file
　　
　　　　每个打开的文件、套接口都用此结构表示。
　　
　　struct file {
　　mode_t f_mode;
　　loff_t f_pos;
　　unsigned short f_flags;
　　unsigned short f_count;
　　unsigned long f_reada, f_ramax, f_raend, f_ralen, f_rawin;
　　struct file *f_next, *f_prev;
　　int f_owner; /* pid or -pgrp where SIGIO should be sent */
　　struct inode * f_inode;
　　struct file_operations * f_op;
　　unsigned long f_version;
　　void *private_data; /* needed for tty driver, and maybe others */
　　};
　　files_struct
　　
　　　描叙被某进程打开的所有文件。
　　
　　struct files_struct {
　　int count;
　　fd_set close_on_exec;
　　fd_set open_fds;
　　struct file * fd[NR_OPEN];
　　};
　　fs_struct
　　struct fs_struct {
　　int count;
　　unsigned short umask;
　　struct inode * root, * pwd;
　　};
　　gendisk
　　
　　　　包含关于某个硬盘的信息。用于磁盘初始化与分区检查时。
　　
　　struct hd_struct {
　　long start_sect;
　　long nr_sects;
　　};
　　struct gendisk {
　　int major; /* major number of driver */
　　const char *major_name; /* name of major driver */
　　int minor_shift; /* number of times minor is shifted to get real minor */
　　int max_p; /* maximum partitions per device */
　　int max_nr; /* maximum number of real devices */
　　void (*init)(struct gendisk *);
　　/* Initialization called before we do our thing */
　　struct hd_struct *part; /* partition table */
　　int *sizes; /* device size in blocks, copied to blk_size[] */
　　int nr_real; /* number of real devices */
　　void *real_devices; /* internal use */
　　struct gendisk *next;
　　};
　　inode
　　
　　　　此VFS inode结构描叙磁盘上一个文件或目录的信息。
　　
　　struct inode {
　　kdev_t i_dev;
　　unsigned long i_ino;
　　umode_t i_mode;
　　nlink_t i_nlink;
　　uid_t i_uid;
　　gid_t i_gid;
　　kdev_t i_rdev;
　　off_t i_size;
　　time_t i_atime;
　　time_t i_mtime;
　　time_t i_ctime;
　　unsigned long i_blksize;
　　unsigned long i_blocks;
　　unsigned long i_version;
　　unsigned long i_nrpages;
　　struct semaphore i_sem;
　　struct inode_operations *i_op;
　　struct super_block *i_sb;
　　struct wait_queue *i_wait;
　　struct file_lock *i_flock;
　　struct vm_area_struct *i_mmap;
　　struct page *i_pages;
　　struct dquot *i_dquot[MAXQUOTAS];
　　struct inode *i_next, *i_prev;
　　struct inode *i_hash_next, *i_hash_prev;
　　struct inode *i_bound_to, *i_bound_by;
　　struct inode *i_mount;
　　unsigned short i_count;
　　unsigned short i_flags;
　　unsigned char i_lock;
　　unsigned char i_dirt;
　　unsigned char i_pipe;
　　unsigned char i_sock;
　　unsigned char i_seek;
　　unsigned char i_update;
　　unsigned short i_writecount;
　　union {
　　struct pipe_inode_info pipe_i;
　　struct minix_inode_info minix_i;
　　struct ext_inode_info ext_i;
　　struct ext2_inode_info ext2_i;
　　struct hpfs_inode_info hpfs_i;
　　struct msdos_inode_info msdos_i;
　　struct umsdos_inode_info umsdos_i;
　　struct iso_inode_info isofs_i;
　　struct nfs_inode_info nfs_i;
　　struct xiafs_inode_info xiafs_i;
　　struct sysv_inode_info sysv_i;
　　struct affs_inode_info affs_i;
　　struct ufs_inode_info ufs_i;
　　struct socket socket_i;
　　void *generic_ip;
　　} u;
　　};
　　ipc_perm
　　
　　　　此结构描叙对一个系统V IPC对象的存取权限。
　　
　　struct ipc_perm
　　{
　　key_t key;
　　ushort uid; /* owner euid and egid */
　　ushort gid;
　　ushort cuid; /* creator euid and egid */
　　ushort cgid;
　　ushort mode; /* access modes see mode flags below */
　　ushort seq; /* sequence number */
　　};
　　irqaction
　　
　　　用来描叙系统的中断处理过程。
　　
　　struct irqaction {
　　void (*handler)(int, void *, struct pt_regs *);
　　unsigned long flags;
　　unsigned long mask;
　　const char *name;
　　void *dev_id;
　　struct irqaction *next;
　　};
　　linux_binfmt

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