【备份恢复】 还原和恢复数据库（将一个库还原到另外一台主机）实验二

本实验是将一个库还原到另外一个库
说明：
源库：   192.168.10.11    ORACLE_SID=PROD1  DBID=2148633869
目标库： 192.168.10.88    ORACLE_SID=PROD3

1.准备工作
RMAN> show all;

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name PROD1 are:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # default
CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default
CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/snapcf_PROD1.f'; # default

源库数据库全备及控制文件自动备份，当然也包括参数文件
RMAN> backup as backupset database;

Starting backup at 22-DEC-16
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=1 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/example01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/ts_setnew01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 22-DEC-16
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 22-DEC-16
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD1/backupset/2016_12_22/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20161222T101402_d5pfqc1s_.bkp tag=TAG20161222T101402 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25
Finished backup at 22-DEC-16

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 22-DEC-16
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD1/autobackup/2016_12_22/o1_mf_s_931256068_d5pfr479_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 22-DEC-16

2.拷贝RMAN备份文件
[oracle@enmo ~]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD1/backupset/2016_12_22
[oracle@enmo ~]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD1/autobackup/2016_12_22

[oracle@host01 ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD1/backupset/2016_12_22/
[oracle@host01 2016_12_22]$ ls o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20161222T101402_d5pfqc1s_.bkp
o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20161222T101402_d5pfqc1s_.bkp
[oracle@host01 2016_12_22]$ scp o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20161222T101402_d5pfqc1s_.bkp oracle@192.168.10.88:/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD1/backupset/2016_12_22/
oracle@192.168.10.88's password:
o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20161222T101402_d5pfqc1s_.bkp                              100% 1138MB  28.5MB/s   00:40

[oracle@host01 ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD1/autobackup/2016_12_22
[oracle@host01 2016_12_22]$ ls o1_mf_s_931256068_d5pfr479_.bkp
o1_mf_s_931256068_d5pfr479_.bkp
[oracle@host01 2016_12_22]$ scp o1_mf_s_931256068_d5pfr479_.bkp oracle@192.168.10.88:/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD1/autobackup/2016_12_22
oracle@192.168.10.88's password:
o1_mf_s_931256068_d5pfr479_.bkp                                           100% 9600KB   9.4MB/s   00:00

3.配置目标库
目标库设置环境变量，启动rman到nomount状态，设置dbid（即源库dbid）
本实验设置为与源库SID不同

[oracle@enmo ~]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
ENMO
[oracle@enmo ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=PROD3
[oracle@enmo ~]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
PROD3

4.目标库启动到nomount模式
此时会报错，原因是，目标库没有参数文件，但也是能启动到nomount模式，分配内存、启动后台进程
RMAN> startup nomount;

startup failed: ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initPROD3.ora'

starting Oracle instance without parameter file for retrieval of spfile
Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area    1068937216 bytes

Fixed Size                     2260088 bytes
Variable Size                281019272 bytes
Database Buffers             780140544 bytes
Redo Buffers                   5517312 bytes

5.恢复参数文件
恢复的pfile文件

RMAN> restore spfile to pfile '?/dbs/initPROD3.ora' from '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD1/autobackup/2016_12_22/o1_mf_s_931256068_d5pfr479_.bkp';

Starting restore at 22-DEC-16
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=19 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring spfile from AUTOBACKUP /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD1/autobackup/2016_12_22/o1_mf_s_931256068_d5pfr479_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from AUTOBACKUP complete
Finished restore at 22-DEC-16

[oracle@enmo ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/
[oracle@enmo dbs]$ ls initPROD3.ora
initPROD3.ora

编辑pfile参数文件并且在目标库创建相关目录，因为目标库只安装了数据库软件，
所以，好多目录都未创建，或源库目录与目标库目录不同
[oracle@enmo dbs]$ vi initPROD3.ora
PROD3.__db_cache_size=348127232
PROD3.__java_pool_size=4194304
PROD3.__large_pool_size=8388608
PROD3.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
PROD3.__pga_aggregate_target=310378496
PROD3.__sga_target=528482304
PROD3.__shared_io_pool_size=0
PROD3.__shared_pool_size=155189248
PROD3.__streams_pool_size=4194304
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/PROD3/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD3/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD3/control02.ctl'#Restore Controlfile
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='PROD1'  一定不要改，与源库保持一致
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4385144832
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=PROD3XDB)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/app/backup'
*.memory_target=838860800
*.nls_date_format='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

[oracle@enmo ~]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/PROD3/adump
[oracle@enmo ~]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD3
[oracle@enmo ~]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD3

6.通过pfile启动数据库到nomount模式，测试pfile是否有修改参数

[oracle@enmo ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=PROD3
[oracle@enmo ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Thu Dec 22 10:46:12 2016

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SYS@PROD3> show parameter pfile;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
spfile                               string

7.以pfile参数启动到nomount模式成功，通过pfile生成spfile
SYS@PROD3> create spfile from pfile;

SYS@PROD3> shutdown immediate;
ORA-01507: database not mounted

ORACLE instance shut down.

SYS@PROD3> startup nomount;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  835104768 bytes
Fixed Size                  2257840 bytes
Variable Size             520096848 bytes
Database Buffers          310378496 bytes
Redo Buffers                2371584 bytes
SYS@PROD3>
SYS@PROD3> show parameter pfile;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
spfile                               string      /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
                                                /dbhome_1/dbs/spfilePROD3.ora
8.还原控制文件

RMAN> restore controlfile from '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD1/autobackup/2016_12_22/o1_mf_s_931256068_d5pfr479_.bkp';

Starting restore at 22-DEC-16
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD3/control01.ctl
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD3/control02.ctl
Finished restore at 22-DEC-16

[oracle@enmo ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD3
[oracle@enmo PROD3]$ ls control01.ctl
control01.ctl
[oracle@enmo PROD3]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD3
[oracle@enmo PROD3]$ ls control02.ctl
control02.ctl

SYS@PROD3> alter database mount;

Database altered.

9. 还原数据文件set newname操作
（即将数据文件转换路径到/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD3/下）

SYS@PROD3> ed 001
run{
   set newname for datafile 1 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD3/system01.dbf';
   set newname for datafile 2 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD3/sysaux01.dbf';
   set newname for datafile 3 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD3/undotbs01.dbf';
   set newname for datafile 4 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD3/users01.dbf';
   set newname for datafile 5 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD3/example01.dbf';
   set newname for datafile 6 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD3/ts_setnew01.dbf';
   restore database;
   switch datafile all;
   recover database;
  }
 
RMAN> run{    
2>     set newname for datafile 1 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD3/system01.dbf';
3>     set newname for datafile 2 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD3/sysaux01.dbf';
4>     set newname for datafile 3 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD3/undotbs01.dbf';
5>     set newname for datafile 4 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD3/users01.dbf';
6>     set newname for datafile 5 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD3/example01.dbf';
7>     set newname for datafile 6 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD3/ts_setnew01.dbf';
8>     restore database;
9>     switch datafile all;
10>     recover database;
11>    }

executing command: SET NEWNAME
released channel: ORA_DISK_1

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

Starting restore at 22-DEC-16
Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 22-DEC-16
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK
Crosschecked 5 objects
Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 22-DEC-16

Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 22-DEC-16
using channel ORA_DISK_1
Crosschecked 1 objects
Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 22-DEC-16

searching for all files in the recovery area
cataloging files...
cataloging done

List of Cataloged Files
=======================
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD1/archivelog/2016_12_15/o1_mf_1_1_d54hk4l5_.arc
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD1/backupset/2016_11_18/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20161118T175002_d2xmpbcy_.bkp
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD1/autobackup/2016_11_18/o1_mf_s_928259427_d2xmq3hr_.bkp
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD1/autobackup/2016_12_21/o1_mf_s_931197338_d5nndtr5_.bkp
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD1/autobackup/2016_11_29/o1_mf_s_929207478_d3tkkp7v_.bkp
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD1/autobackup/2016_11_29/o1_mf_s_929208145_d3tl6k2n_.bkp
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD1/autobackup/2016_12_22/o1_mf_s_931256068_d5pfr479_.bkp

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD3/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD3/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD3/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD3/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD3/example01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00006 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD3/ts_setnew01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD1/backupset/2016_12_22/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20161222T101402_d5pfqc1s_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD1/backupset/2016_12_22/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20161222T101402_d5pfqc1s_.bkp tag=TAG20161222T101402
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25
Finished restore at 22-DEC-16

datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=22 STAMP=931258618 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD3/system01.dbf
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=23 STAMP=931258618 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD3/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=24 STAMP=931258618 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD3/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=25 STAMP=931258618 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD3/users01.dbf
datafile 5 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=26 STAMP=931258618 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD3/example01.dbf
datafile 6 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=27 STAMP=931258618 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD3/ts_setnew01.dbf

Starting recover at 22-DEC-16
using channel ORA_DISK_1

starting media recovery

unable to find archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=1
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 12/22/2016 10:56:58
RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown archived log for thread 1 with sequence 1 and starting SCN of 1146034

此处我们会发现，在recover的时候，由于没有归档日志，所以，提示只能恢复到SCN 1146034
SYS@PROD3> ed 002
run{
   set until scn 1146034;
   restore database;
   switch datafile all;
   recover database;
   }

RMAN> run{
2>     set until scn 1146034;
3>     restore database;
4>     switch datafile all;
5>     recover database;
6>     }

executing command: SET until clause

Starting restore at 22-DEC-16
using channel ORA_DISK_1

skipping datafile 1; already restored to file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD3/system01.dbf
skipping datafile 2; already restored to file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD3/sysaux01.dbf
skipping datafile 3; already restored to file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD3/undotbs01.dbf
skipping datafile 4; already restored to file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD3/users01.dbf
skipping datafile 5; already restored to file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD3/example01.dbf
skipping datafile 6; already restored to file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD3/ts_setnew01.dbf
restore not done; all files read only, offline, or already restored
Finished restore at 22-DEC-16


Starting recover at 22-DEC-16
using channel ORA_DISK_1

starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00

Finished recover at 22-DEC-16

10.resetlogs方式打开数据库

SYS@PROD3> alter database open resetlogs;
alter database open resetlogs
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00344: unable to re-create online log
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/redo01.log'
ORA-27040: file create error, unable to create file
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 1


SYS@PROD3> ed 003
run{
   sql "alter database rename file ''/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/redo01.log''
   to ''/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD3/redo01.log'' ";
   sql "alter database rename file ''/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/redo02.log''
   to ''/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD3/redo02.log'' ";
   sql "alter database rename file ''/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/redo03.log''
   to ''/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD3/redo03.log'' ";
   }

RMAN> run{
2>     sql "alter database rename file ''/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/redo01.log''
3>     to ''/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD3/redo01.log'' ";
4>     sql "alter database rename file ''/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/redo02.log''
5>     to ''/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD3/redo02.log'' ";
6>     sql "alter database rename file ''/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/redo03.log''
7>     to ''/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD3/redo03.log'' ";
8>     }

sql statement: alter database rename file ''/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/redo01.log''    to ''/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD3/redo01.log''

sql statement: alter database rename file ''/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/redo02.log''    to ''/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD3/redo02.log''

sql statement: alter database rename file ''/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/redo03.log''    to ''/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD3/redo03.log''

再次resetlogs方式启动数据库
SYS@PROD3> alter database open resetlogs;
alter database open resetlogs
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00392: log 1 of thread 1 is being cleared, operation not allowed
ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD3/redo01.log'

解决：手工clear然后再Open resetlogs
SYS@PROD3> alter database clear logfile group 1;

Database altered.

SYS@PROD3> alter database open resetlogs;

Database altered.

12.收尾工作
此时已经open了数据库，看似已经完成恢复，但其实还差一点点，我们查询临时表空间数据文件时，
会报如下错误，可以看出来，还是由于我们改换了实例名造成的
SYS@PROD3> select file_name from dba_temp_files;
select file_name from dba_temp_files
                     *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 201 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 201: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/temp01.dbf'

解决这个错误，如下操作：
SYS@PROD3> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

SYS@PROD3> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  835104768 bytes
Fixed Size                  2257840 bytes
Variable Size             520096848 bytes
Database Buffers          310378496 bytes
Redo Buffers                2371584 bytes
Database mounted.

SYS@PROD3> alter database rename file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/temp01.dbf' to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD3/temp01.dbf ';

Database altered.

SYS@PROD3> alter database open;

Database altered.

SYS@PROD3> select file_name from dba_temp_files;

FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD3/temp01.dbf

SYS@PROD3> show parameter name;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
cell_offloadgroup_name               string
db_file_name_convert                 string
db_name                              string      PROD1
db_unique_name                       string      PROD1
global_names                         boolean     FALSE
instance_name                        string      PROD3
lock_name_space                      string
log_file_name_convert                string
processor_group_name                 string
service_names                        string      PROD1

注：1.这个测试改变了实例名，我们看一下恢复后的数据库会发现，除了实例名之外，其他的名字还是源库的名字，
      如果所有的名字都想改为PROD3，那么，还需要逐一修改，当然，db_name改动起来，相对麻烦一点点，
      可以使用nid工具来完成修改或者通过修改控制文件的方式来修改db_name.
   2.在整个恢复过程中，如果做到源库和目标库所有的配置都一致的话，那么，整个恢复的步骤会相对更简单些

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