本文介绍了一种使用Python和Selenium库抓取携程民宿信息的方法，包括安装浏览器驱动、使用XPath解析网页元素、多窗口操作及数据保存至Excel的全过程。
xiecheng_spider携程民宿爬虫
获取URL
由于携程网页由CSS编写，因此我们需要使用浏览器去跳转页面，这里我需要做一些准备工作
1.安装谷歌浏览器驱动，链接如下。安装成功后要放在PATH路径下
http://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/chromedriver/
2.安装环境，这里我用的Python3.7
# 我们需要使用其中的模块 pip install selenium
接下来我们来进行代码实现
首先引入一些需要的模块和html的URL
#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding=utf-8
import sys
import time
import json
import xlsxwriter
from selenium import webdriver
url = "https://inn.ctrip.com/onlineinn/list?checkin=2019-06-15&checkout=2019-06-16&cityid=5&cityname=%E5%93%88%E5%B0%94%E6%BB%A8&channelid=211"
# 定义一个字典稍后存储数据的时候用
items = []
接下来我们需要使用谷歌浏览器进行页面操作
#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding=utf-8
import sys
import time
import json
import xlsxwriter
from selenium import webdriver
url = "https://inn.ctrip.com/onlineinn/list?checkin=2019-06-15&checkout=2019-06-16&cityid=5&cityname=%E5%93%88%E5%B0%94%E6%BB%A8&channelid=211"
items = []
# 谷歌驱动
def chrome_driver(url):
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get(url)
return driver
接下来我们了解一下Xpath
XPath即为XML路径语言（XML Path Language），它是一种用来确定XML文档中某部分位置的语言。
通过Xpath我们就能够获取相应的数据
#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding=utf-8
import sys
import time
import json
import xlsxwriter
from selenium import webdriver
url = "https://inn.ctrip.com/onlineinn/list?checkin=2019-06-15&checkout=2019-06-16&cityid=5&cityname=%E5%93%88%E5%B0%94%E6%BB%A8&channelid=211"
items = []
# 谷歌驱动
def chrome_driver(url):
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get(url)
return driver
# 获取信息
def get_items(driver):
time.sleep(1)
# 展开全部
show_all = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="__next"]/div/div/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/div[4]')
show_all.click()
# 字典获取
feed_item = {
'info':driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="__next"]/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]').text,
'type_of_house':driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="__next"]/div/div/div[2]/div[3]/div[1]/div[1]/span[1]').text,
'num_of_people':driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="__next"]/div/div/div[2]/div[3]/div[1]/div[2]/span[1]').text,
'num_of_bed':driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="__next"]/div/div/div[2]/div[3]/div[1]/div[3]/span[1]').text,
'if_cook':driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="__next"]/div/div/div[2]/div[3]/div[1]/div[1]/span[3]').text,
'if_swim':'No',
'if_supermarket':'No',
'locate':driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="__next"]/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[3]/span').text,
'url':driver.current_url,
'price':driver.find_element_by_class_name('txt-price').text
}
if driver.find_elements_by_class_name('item-device-0507') != []:
feed_item['id_swim'] = 'Have swim pool'
if driver.find_elements_by_class_name("item-device-0501") != []:
feed_item['if_supermarket'] = "Have super market"
items.append(feed_item) # 将数据保存到items字典中
由于我们找不到每个hotel的相应URL，因此我们需要浏览器进行虚拟操作来帮助我们
#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding=utf-8
import sys
import time
import json
import xlsxwriter
from selenium import webdriver
url = "https://inn.ctrip.com/onlineinn/list?checkin=2019-06-15&checkout=2019-06-16&cityid=5&cityname=%E5%93%88%E5%B0%94%E6%BB%A8&channelid=211"
items = []
# 谷歌驱动
def chrome_driver(url):
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get(url)
return driver
# 获取信息
def get_items(driver):
time.sleep(1)
# 展开全部
show_all = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="__next"]/div/div/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/div[4]')
show_all.click()
# 字典获取
feed_item = {
'info':driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="__next"]/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]').text,
'type_of_house':driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="__next"]/div/div/div[2]/div[3]/div[1]/div[1]/span[1]').text,
'num_of_people':driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="__next"]/div/div/div[2]/div[3]/div[1]/div[2]/span[1]').text,
'num_of_bed':driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="__next"]/div/div/div[2]/div[3]/div[1]/div[3]/span[1]').text,
'if_cook':driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="__next"]/div/div/div[2]/div[3]/div[1]/div[1]/span[3]').text,
'if_swim':'No',
'if_supermarket':'No',
'locate':driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="__next"]/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[3]/span').text,
'url':driver.current_url,
'price':driver.find_element_by_class_name('txt-price').text
}
if driver.find_elements_by_class_name('item-device-0507') != []:
feed_item['id_swim'] = 'Have swim pool'
if driver.find_elements_by_class_name("item-device-0501") != []:
feed_item['if_supermarket'] = "Have super market"
items.append(feed_item) # 将数据保存到items字典中
# 信息组合
def get_all_infos(driver):
cnt = 0
time.sleep(3)
click_items = driver.find_elements_by_class_name("list-photo")
for each in click_items:
cnt = cnt + 1
each.click() #浏览器跳转
handle = driver.window_handles
driver.switch_to.window(handle[1]) #浏览器选择窗口
time.sleep(1)
name = driver.find_elements_by_class_name("tit")
if (len(name) == 0):
driver.close()
driver.switch_to.window(handle[0])
continue
print (str(cnt) + "." + name[0].text)
get_items(driver)
driver.close()
driver.switch_to.window(handle[0])
return 1;
在获得到所有数据之后我们需要将其放入excel表格中
在这之前我们需要引入相应的模块
pip install xlsxwriter
#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding=utf-8
import sys
import time
import json
import xlsxwriter
from selenium import webdriver
url = "https://inn.ctrip.com/onlineinn/list?checkin=2019-06-15&checkout=2019-06-16&cityid=5&cityname=%E5%93%88%E5%B0%94%E6%BB%A8&channelid=211"
items = []
# 谷歌驱动
def chrome_driver(url):
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get(url)
return driver
# 获取信息
def get_items(driver):
time.sleep(1)
# 展开全部
show_all = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="__next"]/div/div/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/div[4]')
show_all.click()
# 字典获取
feed_item = {
'info':driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="__next"]/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]').text,
'type_of_house':driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="__next"]/div/div/div[2]/div[3]/div[1]/div[1]/span[1]').text,
'num_of_people':driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="__next"]/div/div/div[2]/div[3]/div[1]/div[2]/span[1]').text,
'num_of_bed':driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="__next"]/div/div/div[2]/div[3]/div[1]/div[3]/span[1]').text,
'if_cook':driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="__next"]/div/div/div[2]/div[3]/div[1]/div[1]/span[3]').text,
'if_swim':'No',
'if_supermarket':'No',
'locate':driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="__next"]/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[3]/span').text,
'url':driver.current_url,
'price':driver.find_element_by_class_name('txt-price').text
}
if driver.find_elements_by_class_name('item-device-0507') != []:
feed_item['id_swim'] = 'Have swim pool'
if driver.find_elements_by_class_name("item-device-0501") != []:
feed_item['if_supermarket'] = "Have super market"
items.append(feed_item) # 将数据保存到items字典中
# 信息组合
def get_all_infos(driver):
cnt = 0
time.sleep(3)
click_items = driver.find_elements_by_class_name("list-photo")
for each in click_items:
cnt = cnt + 1
each.click()
handle = driver.window_handles
driver.switch_to.window(handle[1])
time.sleep(1)
name = driver.find_elements_by_class_name("tit")
if (len(name) == 0):
driver.close()
driver.switch_to.window(handle[0])
continue
print (str(cnt) + "." + name[0].text)
get_items(driver)
driver.close()
driver.switch_to.window(handle[0])
return 1;
# 保存信息
def save_to_excel(data):
workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('./xiecheng_spider.xlsx')
worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()
# 设定格式，等号左边格式名称自定义，字典中格式为指定选项
# bold：加粗，num_format:数字格式
bold_format = workbook.add_format({'bold': True})
#money_format = workbook.add_format({'num_format': '$#,##0'})
#date_format = workbook.add_format({'num_format': 'mmmm d yyyy'})
# 将二行二列设置宽度为15(从0开始)
# worksheet.set_column(1, 1, 15)
# 用符号标记位置，例如：A列1行
worksheet.write('A1', 'info', bold_format)
worksheet.write('B1', 'type_of_house', bold_format)
worksheet.write('C1', 'num_of_people', bold_format)
worksheet.write('D1', 'num_of_bed', bold_format)
worksheet.write('E1', 'if_cook', bold_format)
worksheet.write('F1', 'if_swim', bold_format)
worksheet.write('G1', 'if_supermarket', bold_format)
worksheet.write('H1', 'locate', bold_format)
worksheet.write('I1', 'url', bold_format)
worksheet.write('J1', 'price', bold_format)
#写内容
for i in range(len(data)):
worksheet.write_string(i + 1, 0, data[i]['info'])
worksheet.write_string(i + 1, 1, data[i]['type_of_house'])
worksheet.write_string(i + 1, 2, data[i]['num_of_people'])
worksheet.write_string(i + 1, 3, data[i]['num_of_bed'])
worksheet.write_string(i + 1, 4, data[i]['if_cook'])
worksheet.write_string(i + 1, 5, data[i]['if_swim'])
worksheet.write_string(i + 1, 6, data[i]['if_supermarket'])
worksheet.write_string(i + 1, 7, data[i]['locate'])
worksheet.write_string(i + 1, 8, data[i]['url'])
worksheet.write_string(i + 1, 9, data[i]['price'])
workbook.close()
最后运用主函数进行总体调用
完整代码：
#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding=utf-8
import sys
import time
import json
import xlsxwriter
from selenium import webdriver
url = "https://inn.ctrip.com/onlineinn/list?checkin=2019-06-15&checkout=2019-06-16&cityid=5&cityname=%E5%93%88%E5%B0%94%E6%BB%A8&channelid=211"
items = []
# 谷歌驱动
def chrome_driver(url):
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get(url)
return driver
# 获取信息
def get_items(driver):
time.sleep(1)
# 展开全部
show_all = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="__next"]/div/div/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/div[4]')
show_all.click()
# 字典获取
feed_item = {
'info':driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="__next"]/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]').text,
'type_of_house':driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="__next"]/div/div/div[2]/div[3]/div[1]/div[1]/span[1]').text,
'num_of_people':driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="__next"]/div/div/div[2]/div[3]/div[1]/div[2]/span[1]').text,
'num_of_bed':driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="__next"]/div/div/div[2]/div[3]/div[1]/div[3]/span[1]').text,
'if_cook':driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="__next"]/div/div/div[2]/div[3]/div[1]/div[1]/span[3]').text,
'if_swim':'No',
'if_supermarket':'No',
'locate':driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="__next"]/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[3]/span').text,
'url':driver.current_url,
'price':driver.find_element_by_class_name('txt-price').text
}
if driver.find_elements_by_class_name('item-device-0507') != []:
feed_item['id_swim'] = 'Have swim pool'
if driver.find_elements_by_class_name("item-device-0501") != []:
feed_item['if_supermarket'] = "Have super market"
items.append(feed_item) # 将数据保存到items字典中
# 信息组合
def get_all_infos(driver):
cnt = 0
time.sleep(3)
click_items = driver.find_elements_by_class_name("list-photo")
for each in click_items:
cnt = cnt + 1
each.click()
handle = driver.window_handles
driver.switch_to.window(handle[1])
time.sleep(1)
name = driver.find_elements_by_class_name("tit")
if (len(name) == 0):
driver.close()
driver.switch_to.window(handle[0])
continue
print (str(cnt) + "." + name[0].text)
get_items(driver)
driver.close()
driver.switch_to.window(handle[0])
return 1;
# 保存信息
def save_to_excel(data):
workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('./xiecheng_spider.xlsx')
worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()
# 设定格式，等号左边格式名称自定义，字典中格式为指定选项
# bold：加粗，num_format:数字格式
bold_format = workbook.add_format({'bold': True})
#money_format = workbook.add_format({'num_format': '$#,##0'})
#date_format = workbook.add_format({'num_format': 'mmmm d yyyy'})
# 将二行二列设置宽度为15(从0开始)
# worksheet.set_column(1, 1, 15)
# 用符号标记位置，例如：A列1行
worksheet.write('A1', 'info', bold_format)
worksheet.write('B1', 'type_of_house', bold_format)
worksheet.write('C1', 'num_of_people', bold_format)
worksheet.write('D1', 'num_of_bed', bold_format)
worksheet.write('E1', 'if_cook', bold_format)
worksheet.write('F1', 'if_swim', bold_format)
worksheet.write('G1', 'if_supermarket', bold_format)
worksheet.write('H1', 'locate', bold_format)
worksheet.write('I1', 'url', bold_format)
worksheet.write('J1', 'price', bold_format)
#写内容
for i in range(len(data)):
worksheet.write_string(i + 1, 0, data[i]['info'])
worksheet.write_string(i + 1, 1, data[i]['type_of_house'])
worksheet.write_string(i + 1, 2, data[i]['num_of_people'])
worksheet.write_string(i + 1, 3, data[i]['num_of_bed'])
worksheet.write_string(i + 1, 4, data[i]['if_cook'])
worksheet.write_string(i + 1, 5, data[i]['if_swim'])
worksheet.write_string(i + 1, 6, data[i]['if_supermarket'])
worksheet.write_string(i + 1, 7, data[i]['locate'])
worksheet.write_string(i + 1, 8, data[i]['url'])
worksheet.write_string(i + 1, 9, data[i]['price'])
workbook.close()
if __name__ == "__main__":
driver = chrome_driver(url)
while True:
ret = get_all_infos(driver)
save_to_excel(items)
if (ret == 1):
sys.exit()
next = driver.find_element_by_class_name("item-next")
next.click()
if (next == 0):
break
运行部分效果图
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