云学编程的23天—【微软官方python入门教程 P40笔记】2021-11-21 P42-P43装饰器Decorators以及实操-优快云博客

本文深入探讨了Python中的装饰器，解释了它们作为代码修饰符的角色，如何添加额外功能，以及在实际项目中的应用场景，如日志记录和认证。通过示例展示了如何创建和使用装饰器，以及它们如何改变函数执行流程。

Programming components

Object: Nouns ; Data constructs ; They're the things that we're going to operate upon.

Functions/Methods: Verbs ; Actions ; They're all the different things that we're going to be able to do.

eg: My OS you might consider that an object. getenv that's going to be our verb.

Decorators : Adjectives; Add additional functionality to code; Common in frameworks

Using a decorator

#Snippet from Flask
#register https://myserver/api/products
@route('api/products') #route registration
def get_products:
    #code to list from database
    pass

使用装饰器@route告诉Flask，当某人访问api/products，这里的代码就是我要调用的。

这就是幕后的样子：

Creating a decorator

def logger(func):
     def wrapper():
          print('Logging execution')#我的code
          func() #你的code
          print('Done logging')#我的code
     return wrapper
@logger。        #如果某人用我们的装饰器，你（python）就调用制定函数wrapper()
def sample():
     print('-- Inside sample function ')
sample()

Logging execution
-- Inside sample function #执行func()
Done logging

#利用注解的形式实现了一个AOP功能 ——弹幕（虽然看不懂觉得很厉害的样子）

应用场景：

If I need to log execution which is what I'm trying to demo here, or maybe there's something where I need to do some level of authentication身份认证, and I need to make sure that the users log on, then I might go ahead and create a Decorator.

P43实操

def logger(func):
     def wrapper():
          print('Logging execution')#我的code
          func() #你的code
          print('Done logging')#我的code
     return wrapper
@logger      #如果某人用我们的装饰器，你（python）就调用制定函数wrapper()
def sample():
     print('-- Inside sample function ')
sample()

def wrapper():
print('Logging execution')
func()
print('Done logging')

⬆️这段代码是装饰器运行时执行的代码

@logger

⬆️设置名为logger的装饰器

def sample():

⬆️这就是func函数，先print Log...再运行sample函数（这里会运行print('-- Inside sample function ')），最后print Done...

⬇️运行结果：

Logging execution
-- Inside sample function
Done logging

If you ever decided that this functionality might work in something that you're building that is how you can go in and create a simple docorator. 如果你正在构建的是你要用的功能，不想改变原定义，就可以创建一个装饰器。