django 各种view继承方式

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本文深入探讨了Django中各种视图的使用方法，包括APIView、GenericAPIView、Mixins及ViewSet，详细解释了它们的区别与应用场景，是Django开发者不可多得的参考资料。

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django 多种视图view继承方式

1. APIVIEW

继承django view，基于类视图，区别与基于方法视图

from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from django.contrib.auth.models import User

class ListUsers(APIView):
    """
    View to list all users in the system.

    * Requires token authentication.
    * Only admin users are able to access this view.
    """

    def get(self, request, format=None):
        """
        Return a list of all users.
        """
        usernames = [user.username for user in User.objects.all()]
        return Response(usernames)
    
    def put((self, request, format=None):
        pass

2. GenericAPIView

继承于APIVIEW,继承自APIVIew，增加了对于列表视图和详情视图可能用到的通用支持方法。通常使用时，可搭配一个或多个Mixin扩展类

子类:
. CreateAPIView
. ListAPIView
. RetrieveAPIView
. DestroyAPIView
. UpdateAPIView
…

支持定义的属性：

列表视图与详情视图通用
queryset 列表视图的查询集
serializer_class 视图使用的序列化器

列表视图使用：
pagination_class 分页控制类
filter_backends 过滤控制后端
详情页视图使用：
lookup_field 查询单一数据库对象时使用的条件字段，默认为’pk’
lookup_url_kwarg 查询单一数据时URL中的参数关键字名称，默认与look_field相同

from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin
from django_filters.rest_framework import DjangoFilterBackend

class LargeResultsSetPagination(PageNumberPagination):
    page_size = 1000
    page_size_query_param = 'page_size'
    max_page_size = 10000
    
    
class BookView(ListModelMixin,mixins.CreateModelMixin, GenericAPIView):

    queryset = BookInfo.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookInfoSerializer
    filter_backends = filter_backends = (DjangoFilterBackend,)
    filter_fields = ('category', 'in_stock')
    #或者查询
    search_fields = ('username', 'email')
    #分页
    pagination_class = LargeResultsSetPagination

    def get(self, request):
        return self.list(request)
        
    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)
        
---------------------------------------------------------
url(r"books/$",views.BookView.as_view()),

3. Mixins

ListModelMixin
CreateModelMixin

class BookDetailView(RetrieveModelMixin, GenericAPIView):
    queryset = BookInfo.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookInfoSerializer
 
    def get(self, request, pk):
        return self.retrieve(request)

RetrieveModelMixin
UpdateModelMixin
DestroyModelMixin

4. viewset
ViewSet视图集类不再实现get()、post()等方法，而是实现动作 action 如 list() 、create() 等通过as_view

class UserViewSet(viewsets.ViewSet):
    """
    Example empty viewset demonstrating the standard
    actions that will be handled by a router class.

    If you're using format suffixes, make sure to also include
    the `format=None` keyword argument for each action.
    """

    def list(self, request):
        pass

    def create(self, request):
        pass

    def retrieve(self, request, pk=None):
        pass

    def update(self, request, pk=None):
        pass

    def partial_update(self, request, pk=None):
        pass

    def destroy(self, request, pk=None):
        pass
----------------------------------
url 设置

user_list = UserViewSet.as_view({'get': 'list'})
user_detail = UserViewSet.as_view({'get': 'retrieve'})
或者
from myapp.views import UserViewSet
from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter

router = DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'users', UserViewSet, base_name='user')
urlpatterns = router.urls