本文详细介绍了在Linux环境下安装和配置MariaDB数据库的过程，包括下载、解压、初始化数据库、配置参数、设置启动脚本等关键步骤，帮助读者顺利搭建MariaDB运行环境。
shallow丿ove
安装MariaDB
- cd /usr/lcoal/src
- wget https://downloads.mariadb.com/MariaDB/mariadb-10.2.6/bintar-linux-glibc_214-x86_64/mariadb-10.2.6-linux-glibc_214-x86_64.tar.gz
- tar zxvf mariadb-10.2.6-linux-glibc_214-x86_64.tar.gz
- mv mariadb-10.2.6-linux-glibc_214-x86_64 /usr/local/mariadb
- cd /usr/local/mariadb
- ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mariadb/ --datadir=/data/mariadb
- cp support-files/my-small.cnf /usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf
- vi /usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf #定义basedir和datadir
- cp support-file/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mariadb
- vi /etc/init.d/mariadb #定义basedir、datadir、conf以及启动参数
- /etc/init.d/mariadb start
下载MariaDB
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/src
[root@localhost src]# wget https://downloads.mariadb.com/MariaDB/mariadb-10.2.6/bintar-linux-glibc_214-x86_64/mariadb-10.2.6-linux-glibc_214-x86_64.tar.gz
--2017-12-14 17:03:43-- https://downloads.mariadb.com/MariaDB/mariadb-10.2.6/bintar-linux-glibc_214-x86_64/mariadb-10.2.6-linux-glibc_214-x86_64.tar.gz
Resolving downloads.mariadb.com (downloads.mariadb.com)... 51.255.94.155, 2001:41d0:1004:249b::
Connecting to downloads.mariadb.com (downloads.mariadb.com)|51.255.94.155|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 541295045 (516M) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘mariadb-10.2.6-linux-glibc_214-x86_64.tar.gz’
100%[=====================================================>] 541,295,045 322KB/s in 37m 44s
2017-12-14 17:41:29 (233 KB/s) - ‘mariadb-10.2.6-linux-glibc_214-x86_64.tar.gz’ saved [541295045/541295045]
[root@localhost src]# tar zxvf mariadb-10.2.6-linux-glibc_214-x86_64.tar.gz
#mariadb拆包解压过程
.
.
.
[root@localhost src]# mv mariadb-10.2.6-linux-glibc_214-x86_64 /usr/local/mariadb
[root@localhost src]# cd !$
cd /usr/local/mariadb
编译
[root@localhost mariadb]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mariadb
Installing MariaDB/MySQL system tables in '/data/mariadb' ...
OK
To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system
PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MariaDB root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:
'./bin/mysqladmin' -u root password 'new-password'
'./bin/mysqladmin' -u root -h localhost.localdomain password 'new-password'
Alternatively you can run:
'./bin/mysql_secure_installation'
which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default. This is
strongly recommended for production servers.
See the MariaDB Knowledgebase at http://mariadb.com/kb or the
MySQL manual for more instructions.
You can start the MariaDB daemon with:
cd '.' ; ./bin/mysqld_safe --datadir='/data/mariadb'
You can test the MariaDB daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd './mysql-test' ; perl mysql-test-run.pl
Please report any problems at http://mariadb.org/jira
The latest information about MariaDB is available at http://mariadb.org/.
You can find additional information about the MySQL part at:
http://dev.mysql.com
Consider joining MariaDB's strong and vibrant community:
https://mariadb.org/get-involved/
[root@localhost mariadb]# echo $?
0
[root@localhost mariadb]# ls /data/mariadb/
aria_log.00000001 ib_buffer_pool ib_logfile0 mysql test
aria_log_control ibdata1 ib_logfile1 performance_schema
[root@localhost mariadb]# ls support-files/
binary-configure my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf my-small.cnf mysql.server wsrep_notify
magic my-large.cnf mysqld_multi.server policy
my-huge.cnf my-medium.cnf mysql-log-rotate wsrep.cnf
test
根据内存大小选择配置文件，然后适当调整参数
配置MariaDB
[root@localhost mariadb]# cp support-files/my-small.cnf /usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf
拷贝启动脚本
[root@localhost mariadb]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mariadb
编辑启动脚本
[root@localhost mariadb]# vi /usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf
# Example MySQL config file for small systems.
#
# This is for a system with little memory (<= 64M) where MySQL is only used
# from time to time and it's important that the mysqld daemon
# doesn't use much resources.
#
# MySQL programs look for option files in a set of
# locations which depend on the deployment platform.
# You can copy this option file to one of those
# locations. For information about these locations, see:
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html
#
# In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports.
# If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program
# with the "--help" option.
# The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients
[client]
#password = your_password
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
# Here follows entries for some specific programs
# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 16K
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 4
sort_buffer_size = 64K
read_buffer_size = 256K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 256K
net_buffer_length = 2K
thread_stack = 240K
# Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement,
# if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host.
# All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes.
# Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows
# (using the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless!
#
#skip-networking
server-id = 1
# Uncomment the following if you want to log updates
#log-bin=mysql-bin
# binary logging format - mixed recommended
#binlog_format=mixed
# Causes updates to non-transactional engines using statement format to be
# written directly to binary log. Before using this option make sure that
# there are no dependencies between transactional and non-transactional
# tables such as in the statement INSERT INTO t_myisam SELECT * FROM
# t_innodb; otherwise, slaves may diverge from the master.
#binlog_direct_non_transactional_updates=TRUE
# Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables
#innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data
#innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
#innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data
# You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 %
# of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high
#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M
#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M
# Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size
#innodb_log_file_size = 5M
#innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
#innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL
#safe-updates
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
[root@localhost mariadb]# vi +46 /etc/init.d/mariadb
#
# If you want to affect other MySQL variables, you should make your changes
# in the /etc/my.cnf, ~/.my.cnf or other MySQL configuration files.
# If you change base dir, you must also change datadir. These may get
# overwritten by settings in the MySQL configuration files.
basedir=
datadir=
# Default value, in seconds, afterwhich the script should timeout waiting
# for server start.
# Value here is overridden by value in my.cnf.
# 0 means don't wait at all
# Negative numbers mean to wait indefinitely
service_startup_timeout=900
"/etc/init.d/mariadb" 447L, 12227C
将46行basedir和datadir指定路径 basedir=/usr/local/mariadb datadir=/data/mariadb 并且添加conf=/usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf或conf=$basedir/my.cnf 定义完成后，需要启动命令，在命令模式下搜索/'start'，找到一行为 bindir/mysqld_safe --datadir="$datadir" --pid-file="$mysqld_pid_file_path" "$@" & 添加--defaults-file="$conf" 为 $bindir/mysqld_safe --defaults-file="$conf" --datadir="$datadir" --pid-file="$mysqld_pid_file_path" "$@" &
检测是否有mysqld启动，是则会造成冲突
[root@localhost mariadb]# ps aux | grep mysql
root 6662 0.0 0.0 112660 976 pts/0 S+ 18:29 0:00 grep --color=auto mysql
启动mariadb
[root@localhost mariadb]# /etc/init.d/mariadb start
Reloading systemd: [ OK ]
Starting mariadb (via systemctl): [ OK ]
[root@localhost mariadb]# ps aux | grep mariadb
root 6711 0.0 0.0 115392 1748 ? S 18:32 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf --datadir=/data/mysql --pid-file=/data/mysql/localhost.localdomain.pid
mysql 6827 8.7 2.7 1583876 51500 ? Sl 18:32 0:01 /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mariadb --datadir=/data/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mariadb/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql/localhost.localdomain.err --pid-file=/data/mysql/localhost.localdomain.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306
root 6874 0.0 0.0 112660 976 pts/0 S+ 18:33 0:00 grep --color=auto mariadb
[root@localhost mariadb]# netstat -ltnp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2470/master
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:2049 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN -
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:52133 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1496/rpc.statd
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1/systemd
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:20048 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1951/rpc.mountd
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1406/sshd
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:37559 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN -
tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 2470/master
tcp6 0 0 :::2049 :::* LISTEN -
tcp6 0 0 :::48771 :::* LISTEN -
tcp6 0 0 :::46184 :::* LISTEN 1496/rpc.statd
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 6827/mysqld
tcp6 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN 1/systemd
tcp6 0 0 :::20048 :::* LISTEN 1951/rpc.mountd
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1406/sshd
问题
[root@localhost mariadb]# ps aux | grep mariadb
root 6711 0.0 0.0 115392 1748 ? S 18:32 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf --datadir=/data/mysql --pid-file=/data/mysql/localhost.localdomain.pid
mysql 6827 8.7 2.7 1583876 51500 ? Sl 18:32 0:01 /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mariadb --datadir=/data/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mariadb/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql/localhost.localdomain.err --pid-file=/data/mysql/localhost.localdomain.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306
root 6874 0.0 0.0 112660 976 pts/0 S+ 18:33 0:00 grep --color=auto mariadb
-
解决方案一 到datadir=/data/mysql注释掉datadir=/data/mysql
-
解决方案二 到/usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf的[mysqld]下添加datadir = /data/mariadb
然后restart，若不行直接killall
[root@localhost mariadb]# killall mysqld]
[root@localhost mariadb]# /etc/init.d/mariadb start
Starting mariadb (via systemctl): [ OK ]
[root@localhost mariadb]# ps aux | grep mariadb
root 3078 0.6 0.0 115392 1744 ? S 05:20 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf --datadir=/data/mariadb --pid-file=/data/mariadb/localhost.localdomain.pid
mysql 3197 7.2 2.9 1583776 55964 ? Sl 05:20 0:00 /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mariadb --datadir=/data/mariadb --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mariadb/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mariadb/localhost.localdomain.err --pid-file=/data/mariadb/localhost.localdomain.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306
root 3236 0.0 0.0 112660 980 pts/0 S+ 05:20 0:00 grep --color=auto mariadb
若ps aux | grep mariadb没有任何效果，则重启主机
扫一扫
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
