SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ

最新推荐文章于 2025-07-23 09:42:23 发布

chocoMoss

最新推荐文章于 2025-07-23 09:42:23 发布

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文章标签： java html http

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/chocomoss/article/details/121622418

该博客展示了如何使用Spring Boot和RabbitMQ创建一个简单的消息发布-订阅系统。首先，定义了父工程RabbitMQ，包含生产者模块RabbitMQ_provider和消费者模块RabbitMQ_consumer。生产者配置了交换机、队列和绑定，并通过RabbitTemplate发送不同路由键的消息。消费者则通过@RabbitListener监听指定队列并接收消息。整个流程演示了Spring Boot与RabbitMQ的集成及消息传递功能。

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结构

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父工程:RabbitMQ

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>RabbitMQ</artifactId>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <modules>
        <module>RabbitMQ_provider</module>
        <module>RabbitMQ_consumer</module>
    </modules>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/>
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <!--SpringCloud包依赖管理-->
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Greenwich.SR1</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
</project>

提供者工程:RabbitMQ_provider

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>RabbitMQ</artifactId>
        <groupId>org.example</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>RabbitMQ_provider</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-rabbit-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

application.yml

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    host: localhost
    port: 5672
    virtual-host: /
    username: chocoMoss
    password: 123456

启动类

package com.example;

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.EnableRabbit;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

@SpringBootApplication
public class RabbitMQProviderApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(RabbitMQProviderApplication.class,args);
    }
}

配置类

package com.example.Config;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class RabbitMQConfig {

    //声明交换机
    @Bean("itemTopicExchange")
    public Exchange topicExchange() {
        return ExchangeBuilder.topicExchange("item_topic_exchange").durable(true).build();
    }

    //声明队列
    @Bean("itemQueue")
    public Queue itemQueue() {
        return QueueBuilder.durable("item_queue").build();
    }

    //将队列绑定到交换机上
    @Bean
    public Binding itemQueueExchange(@Qualifier("itemQueue") Queue queue,
                                     @Qualifier("itemTopicExchange") Exchange exchange) {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with("item.#").noargs();
    }
}

测试类

注意: 测试类的目录要和启动类的目录一致

package com.example;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringBootConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class RabbitMQTest {
    //用于发送MQ消息
    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    /***
     * 消息生产测试
     */
    @Test
    public void testCreateMessage(){
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("item_topic_exchange", "item.insert", "商品新增，routing key 为item.insert");
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("item_topic_exchange", "item.update", "商品修改，routing key 为item.update");
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("item_topic_exchange", "item.delete", "商品删除，routing key 为item.delete");
    }
}

消费者工程:RabbitMQ_consumer

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>RabbitMQ</artifactId>
        <groupId>org.example</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>RabbitMQ_consumer</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <!--依赖-->
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

application.yml

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    host: localhost
    port: 5672
    virtual-host: /
    username: chocoMoss
    password: 123456

监听类

package com.example.listener;

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class MessageListener {
    /**
     * 监听某个队列的消息
     */
    @RabbitListener(queues = "item_queue")
    public void myListener(String message){
        System.out.println("消费者收到的消息为："+message);
    }
}

启动类

package com.example;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class RabbitMQConsumerApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(RabbitMQConsumerApplication.class,args);
    }
}

测试结果

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