从一种生物信息数据种进行单个或多个生物标志的分析所存在的问题

1。Poor reproducibility 泛化性不好，重复性差

举例说明：对于乳腺癌，van de veer et al中发现了70个基因的gene signature，wang et al中发现了76个基因的gene signature，其中只有3个重叠。

 

gene signature：A condition's gene signature is the group of genes in a type of cellwhose combined expression pattern^[1] is uniquely characteristic of that condition.^[2] Ideally, the gene signature can be used to select a group of patients^[3] at a specific state of a disease with accuracy that facilitates selection of treatments^[4][5].

 

2。Poor interpretability 可解释性不强

对于这些gene signature 的作用（function）不了解，或者是这些gene signature被错误的与毫不相关的biological pathway相关联。

 

3。Poor coverage 覆盖面不广

有些相关的基因没有被标记到。

 

4。Poor predictive capability 预测能力不强

biomarkers identified using single biological information tend to have inferior predictive power.