Python optparse 解析命令行输入

最新推荐文章于 2024-11-20 22:51:45 发布

chinaren0001

最新推荐文章于 2024-11-20 22:51:45 发布

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本文介绍了如何使用Python的optparse模块解析命令行输入，虽然在Python2.7后被argparse取代，但依然能提供帮助信息和处理命令行参数的功能。

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使用optparse模块解析命令行输入项，python2.7之后不做进一步开发，而是继续开发argparse模块来替代。

from optparse import OptionParser
parser = OptionParser("%prog :HELP info")
parser.add_option("-f", "--file", dest="filename",
                  help="write report to FILE", metavar="FILE")
parser.add_option("-q", "--quiet",
                  action="store_false", dest="verbose", default=True,
                  help="don't print status messages to stdout")

执行这个脚本时，能得到清晰的帮助信息：

C:\>Python tst.py -h
Usage: tst.py :HELP info

Options:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -f FILE, --file=FILE  write report to FILE
  -q, --quiet           don't print status messages to stdout

并且通过(options, args) = parser.parse_args()获得命令行输入的各项，然后就可以针对各项进行处理：

C:\>Python tst.py -f xx.txt  121212
{'verbose': True, 'filename': 'xx.txt'} ['121212']

options 是一个包含选项/值队的dictionary, 而args是一个存储用户传入参数的列表。

Following option attributes may be passed as keyword arguments to OptionParser.add_option().

Option. action

(default: "store")

Determines optparse‘s behaviour when this option is seen on the command line; the available options are documentedhere.

Option. type

(default: "string")

The argument type expected by this option (e.g., "string" or "int"); the available option types are documentedhere.

Option. dest

(default: derived from option strings)

If the option’s action implies writing or modifying a value somewhere, this tellsoptparse where to write it:dest names an attribute of theoptions object that optparse builds as it parses the command line.

Option. default

The value to use for this option’s destination if the option is not seen on the command line. See also OptionParser.set_defaults().

Option. nargs

(default: 1)

How many arguments of type type should be consumed when this option is seen. If > 1,optparse will store a tuple of values todest.

Option. const

For actions that store a constant value, the constant value to store.

Option. choices

For options of type "choice", the list of strings the user may choose from.

Option. callback

For options with action "callback", the callable to call when this option is seen. See section Option Callbacks for detail on the arguments passed to the callable.

Option. callback_args Option. callback_kwargs

Additional positional and keyword arguments to pass to callback after the four standard callback arguments.

Option. help

Help text to print for this option when listing all available options after the user supplies a help option (such as "--help"). If no help text is supplied, the option will be listed without help text. To hide this option, use the special value optparse.SUPPRESS_HELP.

Option. metavar

(default: derived from option strings)

Stand-in for the option argument(s) to use when printing help text. See sectionTutorial for an example.