如何实现一种超时的算法

1. 回调结构体定义

struct	callout {
    struct timeval	c_time;		/* time at which to call routine */
    void		*c_arg;		/* argument to routine */
    void		(*c_func) __P((void *)); /* routine */
    struct		callout *c_next;
};

2. 添加超时调度

/*
 * timeout - Schedule a timeout.
 */
void
timeout(func, arg, secs, usecs)
    void (*func) __P((void *));
    void *arg;
    int secs, usecs;
{
    struct callout *newp, *p, **pp;

    /*
     * Allocate timeout.
     */
    if ((newp = (struct callout *) malloc(sizeof(struct callout))) == NULL)
	fatal("Out of memory in timeout()!");
    newp->c_arg = arg;
    newp->c_func = func;
    gettimeofday(&timenow, NULL);
    newp->c_time.tv_sec = timenow.tv_sec + secs;
    newp->c_time.tv_usec = timenow.tv_usec + usecs;
    if (newp->c_time.tv_usec >= 1000000) {
	newp->c_time.tv_sec += newp->c_time.tv_usec / 1000000;
	newp->c_time.tv_usec %= 1000000;
    }

    /*
     * Find correct place and link it in.
     */
    for (pp = &callout; (p = *pp); pp = &p->c_next)
	if (newp->c_time.tv_sec < p->c_time.tv_sec
	    || (newp->c_time.tv_sec == p->c_time.tv_sec 
		&& newp->c_time.tv_usec < p->c_time.tv_usec))
	    break;
    newp->c_next = p;
    *pp = newp;
}

3. 删除超时调度

/*
 * untimeout - Unschedule a timeout.
 */
void
untimeout(func, arg)
    void (*func) __P((void *));
    void *arg;
{
    struct callout **copp, *freep;

    /*
     * Find first matching timeout and remove it from the list.
     */
    for (copp = &callout; (freep = *copp); copp = &freep->c_next)
	if (freep->c_func == func && freep->c_arg == arg) {
	    *copp = freep->c_next;
	    free((char *) freep);
	    break;
	}
}

4. 执行超时调度

/*
 * calltimeout - Call any timeout routines which are now due.
 */
static void
calltimeout()
{
    struct callout *p;

    while (callout != NULL) {
	p = callout;

	if (gettimeofday(&timenow, NULL) < 0)
	    fatal("Failed to get time of day: %m");
	if (!(p->c_time.tv_sec < timenow.tv_sec
	      || (p->c_time.tv_sec == timenow.tv_sec
		  && p->c_time.tv_usec <= timenow.tv_usec)))
	    break;		/* no, it's not time yet */

	callout = p->c_next;
	(*p->c_func)(p->c_arg);

	free((char *) p);
    }
}

5. 用例

a. 增加调度函数到队列中

timeout(lcp_delayed_up, f, 0, listen_time * 1000); // lcp_delayed_up()发送数据

其中lcp_delayed_up函数为：

static void
lcp_delayed_up(arg)
    void *arg;
{
    fsm *f = arg;

    if (f->flags & DELAYED_UP) {
		f->flags &= ~DELAYED_UP;
		fsm_lowerup(f); //发送数据
    }
}

即通过第2点的timeout()函数完成了超时函数调度的添加。

b. 轮询调度函数

calltimeout(); //查询超时函数处理