QScopedPointer

QScopedPointer Class

Header: #include
qmake: QT += core
Since: Qt 4.6
Inherited By:
QScopedArrayPointer

手动管理堆分配的对象是困难的，而且容易出错，常见的结果是代码泄漏内存和难以维护。QScopedPointer是一个小型实用程序类，它通过将基于堆栈的内存所有权分配给堆分配来极大地简化了这一点，更一般地称为资源获取即初始化(RAII)。

QScopedPointer保证了当当前作用域消失时，所指向的对象将被删除。

考虑这个函数，它做堆分配，并有各种退出点:

void myFunction(bool useSubClass)
{
    MyClass *p = useSubClass ? new MyClass() : new MySubClass;
    QIODevice *device = handsOverOwnership();

    if (m_value > 3) {
        delete p;
        delete device;
        return;
    }

    try {
        process(device);
    }
    catch (...) {
        delete p;
        delete device;
        throw;
    }

    delete p;
    delete device;
}

void myFunction(bool useSubClass)
{
    // assuming that MyClass has a virtual destructor
    QScopedPointer<MyClass> p(useSubClass ? new MyClass() : new MySubClass);
    QScopedPointer<QIODevice> device(handsOverOwnership());

    if (m_value > 3)
        return;

    process(device);
}

    const QWidget *const p = new QWidget();
    // is equivalent to:
    const QScopedPointer<const QWidget> p(new QWidget());

    QWidget *const p = new QWidget();
    // is equivalent to:
    const QScopedPointer<QWidget> p(new QWidget());

    const QWidget *p = new QWidget();
    // is equivalent to:
    QScopedPointer<const QWidget> p(new QWidget());

// this QScopedPointer deletes its data using the delete[] operator:
QScopedPointer<int, QScopedPointerArrayDeleter<int> > arrayPointer(new int[42]);

// this QScopedPointer frees its data using free():
QScopedPointer<int, QScopedPointerPodDeleter> podPointer(reinterpret_cast<int *>(malloc(42)));

// this struct calls "myCustomDeallocator" to delete the pointer
struct ScopedPointerCustomDeleter
{
    static inline void cleanup(MyCustomClass *pointer)
    {
        myCustomDeallocator(pointer);
    }
};
// QScopedPointer using a custom deleter:
QScopedPointer<MyCustomClass, ScopedPointerCustomDeleter> customPointer(new MyCustomClass);

class MyPrivateClass; // forward declare MyPrivateClass

class MyClass
{
private:
    QScopedPointer<MyPrivateClass> privatePtr; // QScopedPointer to forward declared class

public:
    MyClass(); // OK
    inline ~MyClass() {} // VIOLATION - Destructor must not be inline

private:
    Q_DISABLE_COPY(MyClass) // OK - copy constructor and assignment operators
                             // are now disabled, so the compiler won't implicitely
                             // generate them.
};