Android 6.0的运行时权限批量申请

关注

转载最新推荐文章于 2026-08-08 16:51:46 发布 3.6k 阅读 AI 写同款· GEO 优化 ›

Android11 授权应用获取IMEI号和ICCID 在Android11上获取IMEI号等设备信息需要权限，而这个权限又只授予系统级应用。项目中如果值小于29获取到的是null，大于28报SecurityException错误。阅读详情

Android 6.0，代号棉花糖，自发布伊始，其主要的特征运行时权限就很受关注。因为这一特征不仅改善了用户对于应用的使用体验，还使得应用开发者在实践开发中需要做出改变。

没有深入了解运行时权限的开发者通常会有很多疑问，比如什么是运行时权限，哪些是运行时的权限，我的应用是不是会在6.0系统上各种崩溃呢，如何才能支持运行时权限机制呢。本文讲尝试回答这一些问题，希望读者阅读完成之后，都能找到较为完美的答案。

权限一刀切

在6.0以前的系统，都是权限一刀切的处理方式，只要用户安装，Manifest申请的权限都会被赋予，并且安装后权限也撤销不了。
这种情况下，当我们从Google Play安装一个应用，在安装之前会得到这样的权限提示信息。

Permission

当上述对话框弹出后，用户只有两种选择：

我信任你，即使有敏感权限
你一个**应用，要这个权限干嘛，我还是不安装了。

所以，这种一刀切的处理方式还是有弊端的，我们没有办法只允许某些权限或者拒绝某些权限。

棉花糖运行时权限

从棉花糖开始，Android系统引入了新的权限机制，即本文要讲的运行时权限。

何为运行时权限呢？举个栗子，以某个需要拍照的应用为例，当运行时权限生效时，其Camera权限不是在安装后赋予，而是在应用运行的时候进行请求权限（比如当用户按下”相机拍照“按钮后）看到的效果则是这样的

Requesting Camera Permission

接下来，对于Camera权限的处理完全权交给用户。是不是有点像苹果系统的处理呢，不要说这是抄袭，暂且称为师夷长技以制夷。

权限的分组

Android中有很多权限，但并非所有的权限都是敏感权限，于是6.0系统就对权限进行了分类，一般为下述几类

正常(Normal Protection)权限
危险(Dangerous)权限
特殊(Particular)权限
其他权限（一般很少用到）

正常权限

正常权限具有如下的几个特点

对用户隐私没有较大影响或者不会打来安全问题。
安装后就赋予这些权限，不需要显示提醒用户，用户也不能取消这些权限。

正常权限列表

<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">4</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">5</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">6</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">7</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">8</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">9</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">10</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">11</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">12</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">13</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">14</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">15</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">16</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">17</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">18</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">19</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">20</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">21</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">22</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">23</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">24</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">25</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">26</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">27</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">28</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">29</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">30</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">31</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">32</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">33</span>

ACCESS_LOCATION_EXTRA_COMMANDS
ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE
ACCESS_NOTIFICATION_POLICY
ACCESS_WIFI_STATE
BLUETOOTH
BLUETOOTH_ADMIN
BROADCAST_STICKY
CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE
CHANGE_WIFI_MULTICAST_STATE
CHANGE_WIFI_STATE
DISABLE_KEYGUARD
EXPAND_STATUS_BAR
GET_PACKAGE_SIZE
INTERNET
KILL_BACKGROUND_PROCESSES
MODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGS
NFC
READ_SYNC_SETTINGS
READ_SYNC_STATS
RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED
REORDER_TASKS
REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES
SET_TIME_ZONE
SET_WALLPAPER
SET_WALLPAPER_HINTS
TRANSMIT_IR
USE_FINGERPRINT
VIBRATE
WAKE_LOCK
WRITE_SYNC_SETTINGS
SET_ALARM
INSTALL_SHORTCUT
UNINSTALL_SHORTCUT

上述的权限基本设计的是关于网络，蓝牙，时区，快捷方式等方面，只要在Manifest指定了这些权限，就会被授予，并且不能撤销。

特殊权限

这里讲特殊权限提前讲一下，因为这个相对来说简单一些。

特殊权限，顾名思义，就是一些特别敏感的权限，在Android系统中，主要由两个

SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW，设置悬浮窗，进行一些黑科技
WRITE_SETTINGS 修改系统设置

关于上面两个特殊权限的授权，做法是使用startActivityForResult启动授权界面来完成。

请求SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW

<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">4</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">5</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">6</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">7</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">8</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">9</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">10</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">11</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">12</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">13</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">14</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">15</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">16</span>

private static final int REQUEST_CODE = 1;
private  void requestAlertWindowPermission() {
    Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_OVERLAY_PERMISSION);
    intent.setData(Uri.parse("package:" + getPackageName()));
    startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_CODE);
}

@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
    super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
    if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE) {
        if (Settings.canDrawOverlays(this)) {
          Log.i(LOGTAG, "onActivityResult granted");
        }
    }
}

上述代码需要注意的是

使用Action Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_OVERLAY_PERMISSION启动隐式Intent
使用"package:" + getPackageName()携带App的包名信息
使用Settings.canDrawOverlays方法判断授权结果

请求

WRITE_SETTINGS

<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">4</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">5</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">6</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">7</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">8</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">9</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">10</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">11</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">12</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">13</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">14</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">15</span>

private static final int REQUEST_CODE_WRITE_SETTINGS = 2;
private void requestWriteSettings() {
    Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_WRITE_SETTINGS);
    intent.setData(Uri.parse("package:" + getPackageName()));
    startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_CODE_WRITE_SETTINGS );
}
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
    super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
    if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE_WRITE_SETTINGS) {
        if (Settings.System.canWrite(this)) {
            Log.i(LOGTAG, "onActivityResult write settings granted" );
        }
    }
}

上述代码需要注意的是

使用Action Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_WRITE_SETTINGS 启动隐式Intent
使用"package:" + getPackageName()携带App的包名信息
使用Settings.System.canWrite方法检测授权结果

注意：关于这两个特殊权限，一般不建议应用申请。

网上搜索得知当编译版本>=6.0 且运行在>=6.0的版本上 WRITE_SETTINGS权限无法获取即便运行上诉代码运行，除非将APP作为预装应用或者使用系统签名

危险权限

危险权限实际上才是运行时权限主要处理的对象，这些权限可能引起隐私问题或者影响其他程序运行。Android中的危险权限可以归为以下几个分组：

CALENDAR
CAMERA
CONTACTS
LOCATION
MICROPHONE
PHONE
SENSORS
SMS
STORAGE

各个权限分组与其具体的权限，可以参考下图：

Permission Groups and detailed permissions

必须要支持运行时权限么

目前应用实际上是可以不需要支持运行时权限的，但是最终肯定还是需要支持的，只是时间问题而已。

想要不支持运行时权限机制很简单，只需要将targetSdkVersion设置低于23就可以了，意思是告诉系统，我还没有完全在API 23（6.0）上完全搞定，不要给我启动新的特性。

不支持运行时权限会崩溃么

可能会，但不是那种一上来就噼里啪啦崩溃不断的那种。

如果你的应用将targetSdkVersion设置低于23，那么在6.0的系统上不会为这个应用开启运行时权限机制，即按照以前的一刀切方式处理。

然而有点糟糕的是

6.0系统提供了一个应用权限管理界面，界面长得是这样的

既然是可以管理，用户就能取消权限，当一个不支持运行时权限的应用某项权限被取消时

系统会弹出一个对话框提醒撤销的危害，如果用户执意撤销，会带来如下的反应

如果你的程序正在运行，则会被杀掉。
当你的应用再次运行时，可能出现崩溃

为什么会可能崩溃的，比如下面这段代码

<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">4</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">5</span>

TelephonyManager telephonyManager = (TelephonyManager)getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
String deviceId = telephonyManager.getDeviceId();
if (deviceId.equals(mLastDeviceId)) {//This may cause NPE
  //do something
}

如果用户撤消了获取DeviceId的权限，那么再次运行时,deviceId就是null，如果程序后续处理不当，就会出现崩溃。

该来的还得来

6.0的运行时权限，我们最终都是要支持的，通常我们需要使用如下的API

int checkSelfPermission(String permission) 用来检测应用是否已经具有权限
void requestPermissions(String[] permissions, int requestCode) 进行请求单个或多个权限
void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) 用户对请求作出响应后的回调

以一个请求Camera权限为例

<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">4</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">5</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">6</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">7</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">8</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">9</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">10</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">11</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">12</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">13</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">14</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">15</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">16</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">17</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">18</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">19</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">20</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">21</span>

@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
    if (!(checkSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.CAMERA) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)) {
        requestCameraPermission();
    }
}

private static final int REQUEST_PERMISSION_CAMERA_CODE = 1;
private void requestCameraPermission() {
    requestPermissions(new String[]{Manifest.permission.CAMERA}, REQUEST_PERMISSION_CAMERA_CODE);
}

@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
    super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
    if (requestCode == REQUEST_PERMISSION_CAMERA_CODE) {
        int grantResult = grantResults[0];
        boolean granted = grantResult == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
        Log.i(LOGTAG, "onRequestPermissionsResult granted=" + granted);
    }
}

通常情况下，我们会得到这样的一个对话框

当用户选择允许，我们就可以在onRequestPermissionsResult方法中进行响应的处理，比如打开摄像头
当用户拒绝，你的应用可能就开始危险了

当我们再次尝试申请权限时，弹出的对话框和之前有点不一样了，主要表现为多了一个checkbox。如下图

当用户勾选了”不再询问“拒绝后，你的程序基本这个权限就Game Over了。

不过，你还有一丝希望，那就是再出现上述的对话框之前做一些说明信息，比如你使用这个权限的目的（一定要坦白）。

shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale这个API可以帮我们判断接下来的对话框是否包含”不再询问“选择框。

一个标准的流程

<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">4</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">5</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">6</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">7</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">8</span>

if (!(checkSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)) {
  if (shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)) {
      Toast.makeText(this, "Please grant the permission this time", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
    }
    requestReadContactsPermission();
} else {
  Log.i(LOGTAG, "onClick granted");
}

如何批量申请

批量申请权限很简单，只需要字符串数组放置多个权限即可。如请求代码

<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">4</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">5</span>

private static final int REQUEST_CODE = 1;
private void requestMultiplePermissions() {
    String[] permissions = {Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE};
    requestPermissions(permissions, REQUEST_CODE);
}

对应的界面效果是 Multiple Requesting Permissions

注意：间隔较短的多个权限申请建议设置成单次多个权限申请形式，避免弹出多个对话框，造成不太好的视觉效果。

申请这么多权限岂不是很累

其实你不需要每个权限都去显式申请，举一个例子，如果你的应用授权了读取联系人的权限，那么你的应用也是被赋予了写入联系人的权限。因为读取联系人和写入联系人这两个权限都属于联系人权限分组，所以一旦组内某个权限被允许，该组的其他权限也是被允许的。

注意事项

API问题

由于checkSelfPermission和requestPermissions从API 23才加入，低于23版本，需要在运行时判断或者使用Support Library v4中提供的方法

ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions
ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale

多系统问题

当我们支持了6.0必须也要支持4.4，5.0这些系统，所以需要在很多情况下，需要有两套处理。比如Camera权限

<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">4</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(147, 161, 161) !important;">5</span>

if (isMarshmallow()) {
    requestPermission();//然后在回调中处理
} else {
    useCamera();//低于6.0直接使用Camera
}