hadoop集群搭建

hadoop集群搭建

前期准备

  • ### 虚拟机三台
主机名ip功用
hadoop-server01192.168.3.101namenode
hadoop-server02192.168.3.102datanode1
hadoop-server03192.168.3.103datanode2

- ### jdk及Hadoop软件准备
jdk-8u45-linux-x64.tar.gz
上传至hadoop目录下
/home/hadoop/env/jdk1.8.0_45

配置环境变量

#------------------------------------------
# set java environment
JAVA_HOME=/home/hadoop/env/jdk1.8.0_45
PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar::$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
export JAVA_HOME  PATH   CLASSPATH

#------------------------------------------

hadoop压缩包下载

我们这里使用的是hadoop-2.8.0.tar.gz
上传至/home/hadoop/bigdata/hadoop/hadoop-2.8.0
- ### 免密登陆 ssh
1. su - hadoop
2. ssh-keygen
3. ssh-copy-id hadoop@hadoop-server01

[root@localhost ~]#  su - hadoop  
[hadoop@localhost ~]$ ssh-keygen
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa): /home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
cd:ee:49:e7:51:f1:cc:74:97:d2:be:11:47:9c:4d:8a hadoop@localhost.localdomain
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
|               o=|
|             ..++|
|            E.o+=|
|         o    o*=|
|        S o   .o+|
|         .   .  o|
|          o o  . |
|         o + .   |
|          o .    |
+-----------------+
[hadoop@localhost ~]$ ssh-copy-id hadoop@hadoop-server01
The authenticity of host 'hadoop-server01 (192.168.3.101)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is f2:6e:ce:2c:4b:bf:58:61:c1:c1:0d:d4:46:a4:f8:24.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'hadoop-server01,192.168.3.101' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
hadoop@hadoop-server01's password: 
Now try logging into the machine, with "ssh 'hadoop@hadoop-server01'", and check in:

  .ssh/authorized_keys

to make sure we haven't added extra keys that you weren't expecting.

[hadoop@localhost ~]$ ssh-copy-id hadoop@hadoop-server02
The authenticity of host 'hadoop-server02 (192.168.3.102)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is f2:6e:ce:2c:4b:bf:58:61:c1:c1:0d:d4:46:a4:f8:24.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'hadoop-server02,192.168.3.102' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
hadoop@hadoop-server02's password: 
Now try logging into the machine, with "ssh 'hadoop@hadoop-server02'", and check in:

  .ssh/authorized_keys

to make sure we haven't added extra keys that you weren't expecting.

hadoop namenode 配置

  • ### 用户环境变量的设置
    /home/hadoop/
[hadoop@hadoop-server01 ~]$ vi .bashrc

# User specific aliases and functions
# .bashrc

# Source global definitions
if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then
        . /etc/bashrc
fi

# User specific aliases and funct
#------------------------------------------
# set java environment
JAVA_HOME=/home/hadoop/env/jdk1.8.0_45
PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar::$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
export JAVA_HOME  PATH   CLASSPATH

#------------------------------------------
HADOOP_HOME=/home/hadoop/bigdata/hadoop/hadoop-2.8.0
PATH=$HADOOP_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/sbin:$PATH
export  HADOOP_HOME  PATH 
  • ### 关闭防火墙
service iptables stop
  • ### 修改配置文件
core-site.xml
/home/hadoop/bigdata/hadoop/hadoop-2.8.0/etc/hadoop
[hadoop@hadoop-server01 hadoop]$ vi core-site.xml
<configuration>
    <property>
        <name>fs.defaultFS</name>
        <value>hdfs://hadoop-server01:9000/</value>
        <description>namenode settings</description>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
        <value>/home/hadoop/tmp/hadoop-${user.name}</value>
        <description> temp folder </description>
    </property>  
    <property>
        <name>hadoop.proxyuser.hadoop.hosts</name>
        <value>hadoop-server01,hadoop-server-02,hadoop-server-03</value>
        <description> its hive need </description>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>hadoop.proxyuser.hadoop.groups</name>
        <value>hadoop</value>
        <description> its hive need </description>
    </property>
</configuration>
hdfs-site.xml
/home/hadoop/bigdata/hadoop/hadoop-2.8.0/etc/hadoop
[hadoop@hadoop-server01 hadoop]$ vi hdfs-site.xml
<configuration>  
    <property>  
        <name>dfs.namenode.http-address</name>  
        <value>hadoop-server01:50070</value>  
        <description> fetch NameNode images and edits.注意主机名称 </description>  
    </property>
    <property>  
        <name>dfs.namenode.secondary.http-address</name>  
        <value>hadoop-server01:50090</value>  
        <description> fetch SecondNameNode fsimage </description>  
    </property> 
    <property>
        <name>dfs.replication</name>
        <value>2</value>
        <description> replica count </description>
    </property>
    <property>  
        <name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name>  
        <value>file:///home/hadoop/bigdata/hadoop/hadoop-2.8.0/hdfs/name</value>  
        <description> namenode </description>  
    </property>  
    <property>  
        <name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name>
        <value>file:///home/hadoop/bigdata/hadoop/hadoop-2.8.0/hdfs/data</value>  
        <description> DataNode </description>  
    </property>  
    <property>  
        <name>dfs.namenode.checkpoint.dir</name>  
        <value>file:///home/hadoop/bigdata/hadoop/hadoop-2.8.0/hdfs/namesecondary</value>  
        <description>  check point </description>  
    </property> 
    <property>
        <name>dfs.webhdfs.enabled</name>
        <value>true</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>dfs.stream-buffer-size</name>
        <value>131072</value>
        <description> buffer </description>
    </property> 
    <property>  
        <name>dfs.namenode.checkpoint.period</name>  
        <value>3600</value>  
        <description> duration </description>  
    </property> 
</configuration>
mapred-site.xml
/home/hadoop/bigdata/hadoop/hadoop-2.8.0/etc/hadoop
[hadoop@hadoop-server01 hadoop]$ cp mapred-site.xml.template mapred-site.xml
[hadoop@hadoop-server01 hadoop]$ vi mapred-site.xml
<configuration>  
    <property>
        <name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>
        <value>yarn</value>
        </property>
    <property>
        <name>mapreduce.jobtracker.address</name>
        <value>hdfs://hadoop-server01:9001</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>mapreduce.jobhistory.address</name>
        <value>hadoop-server01:10020</value>
        <description>MapReduce JobHistory Server host:port, default port is 10020.</description>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>mapreduce.jobhistory.webapp.address</name>
        <value>hadoop-server01:19888</value>
        <description>MapReduce JobHistory Server Web UI host:port, default port is 19888.</description>
    </property>
</configuration> 
yarn-site.xml
/home/hadoop/bigdata/hadoop/hadoop-2.8.0/etc/hadoop
[hadoop@hadoop-server01 hadoop]$ vi yarn-site.xml
<configuration>
    <property>
        <name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostname</name>
        <value>hadoop-server01</value>
    </property>

    <property>
        <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
        <value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>
    </property>

    <property>
        <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services.mapreduce.shuffle.class</name>
        <value>org.apache.hadoop.mapred.ShuffleHandler</value>
    </property>

    <property>
        <name>yarn.resourcemanager.address</name>
        <value>hadoop-server01:8032</value>
    </property>

    <property>
        <name>yarn.resourcemanager.scheduler.address</name>
        <value>hadoop-server01:8030</value>
    </property>

    <property>
        <name>yarn.resourcemanager.resource-tracker.address</name>
        <value>hadoop-server01e:8031</value>
    </property>

    <property>
        <name>yarn.resourcemanager.admin.address</name>
        <value>hadoop-server01:8033</value>
    </property>

    <property>
        <name>yarn.resourcemanager.webapp.address</name>
        <value>hadoop-server01:8088</value>
    </property>
</configuration>
slaves
    vi slaves
hadoop-server02
hadoop-server03

格式化NAMENODE

 hadoop namenode -format

启动hadoop集群

 start-all.sh
<think>好的,用户想了解如何搭建Hadoop集群的详细步骤和配置。首先,我需要回忆之前学过的Hadoop集群搭建知识,确保步骤正确。记得Hadoop集群通常分为完全分布式模式,需要多台机器,比如hadoop102、hadoop103、hadoop104这样的命名。用户提供的引用里提到了设置这些节点,并测试SSH连接,还有上传安装包。可能这些是关键的步骤。 接下来,我应该按照逻辑分步骤讲解。首先准备环境,包括服务器、Java安装、主机名和hosts文件的配置,以及SSH免密登录的设置。这些都是搭建集群的基础。然后,安装Hadoop,解压安装包,配置环境变量。接下来是核心的配置文件修改,比如hadoop-env.sh、core-site.xml、hdfs-site.xml、mapred-site.xml、yarn-site.xml以及workers文件。每个配置文件的作用需要简要说明,比如core-site.xml设置NameNode地址,hdfs-site.xml配置副本数等。 配置完成后,需要同步到其他节点,这里可以用scp命令或者rsync。然后初始化HDFS,启动集群,最后验证是否成功,比如jps查看进程,或者访问Web界面。可能用户在实际操作中会遇到问题,比如SSH连接失败,端口占用,或者配置文件错误,这些常见问题应该提及解决方案。 另外,用户的问题可能涉及到具体的配置参数,比如副本数设置成多少合适,或者资源管理器的配置,这些需要根据集群规模给出建议。比如小型集群副本数可以设为2,但生产环境通常3。还有安全模式的问题,可能需要关闭防火墙或者配置SELinux。 需要确保所有的命令和路径都是正确的,比如JAVA_HOME的路径是否正确,Hadoop的安装目录是否一致。同时,用户可能需要知道如何验证集群是否正常工作,比如运行一个测试的MapReduce作业,或者检查日志文件。 最后,生成相关问题的时候,应该围绕用户可能进一步关心的问题,比如配置参数优化、添加节点、安全配置、性能调优等。这些能帮助用户更深入理解集群管理和维护。</think>### Hadoop集群搭建步骤详解 #### 一、环境准备(3节点示例) 1. **服务器规划** - hadoop102(NameNode + DataNode) - hadoop103(ResourceManager + DataNode) - hadoop104(SecondaryNameNode + DataNode) 2. **基础配置** - 所有节点安装JDK 8+并配置环境变量: ```bash export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64 ``` - 配置主机名和/etc/hosts文件: ```bash 192.168.1.102 hadoop102 192.168.1.103 hadoop103 192.168.1.104 hadoop104 ``` - 配置SSH免密登录: ```bash ssh-keygen -t rsa ssh-copy-id hadoop102 ssh-copy-id hadoop103 ssh-copy-id hadoop104 ``` #### 二、Hadoop安装与配置 1. **解压安装包** ```bash tar -zxvf hadoop-3.3.6.tar.gz -C /opt/module/ ``` 2. **配置环境变量** ```bash export HADOOP_HOME=/opt/module/hadoop-3.3.6 export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/sbin ``` 3. **修改核心配置文件** - `etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh`: ```bash export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64 ``` - `etc/hadoop/core-site.xml`: ```xml <configuration> <property> <name>fs.defaultFS</name> <value>hdfs://hadoop102:8020</value> </property> </configuration> ``` - `etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml`: ```xml <configuration> <property> <name>dfs.replication</name> <value>3</value> </property> </configuration> ``` #### 三、集群同步与启动 1. **分发配置到所有节点** ```bash scp -r /opt/module/hadoop-3.3.6 hadoop103:/opt/module/ scp -r /opt/module/hadoop-3.3.6 hadoop104:/opt/module/ ``` 2. **初始化HDFS** ```bash hdfs namenode -format ``` 3. **启动集群** ```bash start-dfs.sh # 启动HDFS start-yarn.sh # 启动YARN ``` #### 四、验证集群状态 1. **进程验证** ```bash jps # hadoop102应显示NameNode/DataNode # hadoop103应显示ResourceManager/NodeManager ``` 2. **Web界面验证** - HDFS状态:`http://hadoop102:9870` - YARN状态:`http://hadoop103:8088` #### 五、常见问题解决 1. **SSH连接失败** - 检查防火墙状态:`systemctl stop firewalld` - 验证公钥是否完整复制到`~/.ssh/authorized_keys` 2. **端口冲突** - 使用`netstat -tunlp | grep 8020`检查默认端口占用情况 3. **HDFS无法格式化** - 删除所有节点的`/tmp/hadoop-*`目录后重试[^1]
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