往期源码回顾:
【C++实现图书管理系统（Qt C++ GUI界面版）
【Python】实现爬虫，爬取天气情况并进行分析(完整版）
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图书管理系统功能概览：
- 登录，注册
- 学生,老师借书，查看自己当前借书情况，还书。
- 管理员增加书，查看当前借阅情况，查看当前所有借阅人，图书信息。
代码概览：
各个模块主要负责功能
COperationManagement.h 负责登录，注册，管理员，将图书，初始化操作，将借阅信息等从文件中读取出来，放入容器中，便于操作，不用一直对文件进行I/O.
CBook.h 用于对书抽象，并实现了>>的重载，便于文件读入，读出
CUser.h 工具人，作为老师，学生的父类
CStudent.h 对学生进行的抽象
CTeacher.h 对老师进行的抽象
CAdministrator.h 对管理的抽象
CManagementBooks.h 用户所有的相关操作的中间执行者，有设计模式中代理的思想
源.cpp 界面的的实现与系统入口
全部代码与讲解:
1.源.cpp
作为系统的入口与交互界面核心，承担着启动系统、初始化各模块及呈现用户交互界面的重任。通过精心设计的菜单式交互界面，为用户提供直观便捷的操作入口，引导用户完成各项功能操作。同时，它作为系统流程的总控中心，协调各模块间的数据传递与功能调用，确保整个系统的流畅运行与用户体验的一致性，是用户与系统功能实现之间的重要桥梁。
#include<iostream>
#include"CBook.h"
#include"CStudent.h"
#include"CManagementBooks.h"
#include"CTeacher.h"
#include<fstream>
#include"CAdministrator.h"
#include"COperationManagement.h"
using namespace std;
int main()
{
CManagementBooks mb;
CUser* user = nullptr;
COperationManagement om;
om.init(mb);
cout << "***** 欢迎来到图书馆 *****" << endl;
cout << "注意事项" << endl;
cout << "1.学生最多共可借三本书,老师最多共可借五本"<<endl<<endl;
cout << "请选择您的登录方式 1:老师 2:学生 3:管理员" << endl;
int t;
cin >> t;
if (t == 1)
{
user = new CTeacher;
}
else if(t == 2)
{
user = new CStudent;
}
else if(t == 3)
{
CAdministrator admin;
om.adminLogin(admin);
admin.showInfo();
om.adminOperation(admin, mb);
return 0;
}
cout << "您是否已有账号？(y/n):" << endl;
string c;
cin >> c;
if (c == "y")
{
cout << "请登录:" << endl;
om.login(user,t);
user->showInfo();
}
else
{
cout << "来注册一个吧!" << endl;
om.Register(user,t);
}
om.userOperation(user, mb);
delete user;
return 0;
}
实现效果：
2.COperationManagement.cpp
作为系统的数据中枢与基础功能核心，该头文件整合了系统运行所需的关键操作。登录与注册模块通过严格的身份验证机制，确保用户数据安全；管理员功能赋予特定权限用户对系统全局的管理能力。此外，其核心亮点在于数据预处理环节，将图书信息、借阅记录等关键数据从文件中高效读取并存储至容器，构建起内存级的数据缓存区。这一设计不仅显著提升了数据访问速度，还大幅减少了频繁文件 I/O 操作带来的性能损耗，为系统的流畅运行提供坚实保障。
#include "COperationManagement.h"
void COperationManagement::login(CUser* user, int t)
{
ifstream readFile;
ifstream readFile1;
if (t == 1)
{
readFile.open("teacherLogin.txt");
readFile1.open("teacher.txt");
}
else
{
readFile1.open("student.txt");
readFile.open("studentLogin.txt");
}
if (!readFile.is_open())
{
cout << "登录数据读取错误" << endl;
}
if (!readFile1.is_open())
{
cout << "用户数据读取错误" << endl;
}
cout << "请输入您的学工号:" << endl;
string account, password;
cin >> account;
int flag = 0;
while (!readFile.eof())
{
string act;
readFile >> act;
if (act == account)
{
cout << "请输入密码:" << endl;
cin >> password;
string pwd;
readFile >> pwd;
if (pwd == password)
{
cout << "登录成功" << endl;
flag = 1;
while (!readFile1.eof())
{
readFile1 >> user;
if(user->getId() == act)
{
break;
}
}
break;
}
else
{
cout << "密码错误，请重新登录" << endl;
login(user, t);
}
}
}
if (!flag)
{
cout << "学工号错误，请重输入" << endl;
login(user, t);
}
readFile.close();
readFile1.close();
}
void COperationManagement::Register(CUser* user, int t)
{
ofstream writeFile;
ofstream writeFile1;
if (t == 1)
{
writeFile1.open("teacher.txt", ios::app);
writeFile.open("teacherLogin.txt",ios::app);
}
else
{
writeFile1.open("student.txt", ios::app);
writeFile.open("studentLogin.txt",ios::app);
}
string pwd, act;
cout << "请输入您的学工号作为注册账号:" << endl;
cin >> act;
cout << "请输入您的注册密码:" << endl;
cin >> pwd;
writeFile << endl << act << " " << pwd;
cout << "请完善您的相应信息:" << endl;
string name, department, gender;
cout << "您的姓名:" << endl;
cin >> name;
cout << "您的性别:" << endl;
cin >> gender;
cout << "您所在的院系:" << endl;
cin >> department;
writeFile1 <<endl << act << " " << name << " " << gender << " " << department;//这里不能用user,因为在登录时才用，并且并没有初始化
writeFile.close();
writeFile1.close();
cout << "注册成功！ 赶紧登录进入图书管吧!" << endl;
login(user, t);
}
void COperationManagement::userOperation(CUser* user, CManagementBooks mb)
{
while (1)
{
cout << "请选择您的操作 1.借书 2.查看自己当前借书情况 3.还书 4.退出" << endl;
int t;
cin >> t;
if (t == 1)
{
cout << "当前图书馆情况如下：" << endl;
mb.showCurrentAllBook();
cout << "是否有您想要借阅的图书(y/n)" << endl;
string s;
cin >> s;
if (s == "y")
{
user->borrowBookFromLibrary(mb);
}
}
else if (t == 2)
{
mb.checkBorrowedBook(user->getId());
}
else if (t == 3)
{
user->returnBook(mb);
}
else if (t == 4)
{
cout << "退出成功" << endl;
break;
}
else
{
cout << "暂无此操作，请按提示操作" << endl;
}
}
}
void COperationManagement::adminLogin(CAdministrator& admin)
{
ifstream readFile("adminLogin.txt");
ifstream readFile1("admin.txt");
cout << "请输入您的工号:" << endl;
string account, password;
cin >> account;
int flag = 0;
while (!readFile.eof())
{
string act;
readFile >> act;
if (act == account)
{
cout << "请输入密码:" << endl;
cin >> password;
string pwd;
readFile >> pwd;
if (pwd == password)
{
cout << "登录成功,欢迎您" << endl;
flag = 1;
while (!readFile1.eof())
{
readFile1 >> admin;
if(admin.getId() == act)
{
break;
}
}
break;
}
else
{
cout << "密码错误，请重新登录" << endl;
adminLogin(admin);
}
}
}
if (!flag)
{
cout << "学工号错误，请重输入" << endl;
adminLogin(admin);
}
readFile.close();
readFile1.close();
}
void COperationManagement::init(CManagementBooks& mb)
{
mb.initBooks();
mb.initOutBook();
}
void COperationManagement::adminOperation(CAdministrator admin, CManagementBooks mb)
{
while (1)
{
cout << "请选择您的操作 1.增加书 2.查看当前借阅情况 3.查看当前所有图书信息情况 4.查看借阅人详细信息 5.退出" << endl;
int t;
cin >> t;
if (t == 1)
{
admin.addBook(mb);
}
else if (t == 2)
{
mb.checekOutBook();
}
else if (t == 3)
{
mb.showAllBooksInfo();
}
else if (t == 4)
{
string id;
cout << "请输入您要查看借阅人的学工号:" << endl;
cin >> id;
mb.viewBorrowerDetails(id);
}
else if (t == 5)
{
cout << "退出成功" << endl;
break;
}
else
{
cout << "暂无此操作，请按提示操作" << endl;
}
}
}
登录效果：
其余功能大家可以自行测试。
CUser.cpp
作为用户体系的抽象基类，定义了所有用户角色（教师、学生）共有的基础属性与行为接口，如用户 ID、姓名等基础信息及通用操作方法。这种设计遵循面向对象编程的继承思想，为教师类和学生类提供统一的设计规范，既避免了代码冗余，又便于后续系统扩展新的用户角色，增强了系统的可维护性与扩展性。
#include "CUser.h"
#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
#include"CManagementBooks.h"
using namespace std;
CUser::CUser()
{
m_name = "陈1";
}
void CUser::setId(string id)
{
m_id = id;
}
void CUser::setName(string name)
{
m_name = name;
}
void CUser::setGender(string gender)
{
m_gender = gender;
}
void CUser::setDepartment(string department)
{
m_department = department;
}
CUser::~CUser()
{
}
void CUser::returnBook(CManagementBooks& mb)
{
int all = mb.checkBorrowedBook(m_id);
if (all == 0)
{
cout << "您暂未借书,无需归还" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "请输入您要归还的书名:" << endl;
string bookName;
cin >> bookName;
if (mb.checkTrueBorrow(m_id, bookName))
{
mb.Return(m_id, bookName);
cout << "还书成功" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "您并未借阅此书" << endl;
}
}
}
string CUser::getId()
{
return m_id;
}
string CUser::getName()
{
return m_name;
}
string CUser::getGender()
{
return m_gender;
}
string CUser::getDepartment()
{
return m_department;
}
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const CUser* user)
{
os<< endl << user->m_id << " " << user->m_name << " " << user->m_gender << " " << user->m_department;
return os;
}
std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& is, CUser* user)
{
is >> user->m_id >> user->m_name >> user->m_gender >> user->m_department;
return is;
}
CTeacher.cpp
#include "CTeacher.h"
#include<fstream>
CTeacher::CTeacher()
{
m_name = "刘X";
}
void CTeacher::borrowBookFromLibrary(CManagementBooks& mb)
{
int all = mb.checkBorrowedBook(m_id);
if (all < 5)
{
string name;
cout << "请输入您要借的书名:" << endl;
cin >> name;
if (mb.borrow(name))
{
ofstream writeFile("borrowedBook.txt", ios::app);
mb.setMapValue(m_id, name);
writeFile << endl << m_id << " " << name;
writeFile.close();
}
}
else
{
cout << "您已经超过了最大可借阅数" << endl;
}
}
void CTeacher::showInfo()
{
cout << "姓名:" << m_name<<" " << "学号:" << m_id<<" " << "性别:" << m_gender<<" " << "院系:" << m_department << endl;
}
CStudent.cpp
#include "CStudent.h"
#include<fstream>
using namespace std;
CStudent::CStudent()
{
m_class = "软件";
}
void CStudent::showInfo()
{
cout << "姓名:" << m_name << " " << "学号:" << m_id << " " << "性别:" << m_gender << " " << "院系:" << m_department << " "<<"班级:"<<m_class<<endl;
}
void CStudent::borrowBookFromLibrary(CManagementBooks& mb)
{
int all = mb.checkBorrowedBook(m_id);
if (all < 3)
{
string name;
cout << "请输入您要借的书名:" << endl;
cin >> name;
if (mb.borrow(name))
{
ofstream writeFile("borrowedBook.txt", ios::app);
mb.setMapValue(m_id, name);
writeFile << endl << m_id << " " << name;
writeFile.close();
}
}
else
{
cout << "您已经超过了最大可借阅数" << endl;
}
}
void CStudent::setClass(string Class)
{
m_class = Class;
}
string CStudent::getClass()
{
return m_class;
}
CManagementBooks.cpp
扮演着系统功能调度与协调的关键角色，借鉴设计模式中的代理思想，将用户的各类操作请求进行统一接收与处理。它如同一个智能中转站，根据用户请求类型，调用相应模块的功能实现，有效隔离了用户操作与底层功能实现的复杂逻辑，提升了系统的模块化程度与可维护性，同时也便于后续功能的扩展与升级
#include "CManagementBooks.h"
using namespace std;
void CManagementBooks::showCurrentAllBook()
{
for (int i = 0; i < m_allBookNum; i++)
{
cout << "书名:" << m_books[i].getName() <<" " << "剩余数量" << m_books[i].getNum() << endl;
}
}
CManagementBooks::CManagementBooks()
{
m_allBookNum = 0;
}
void CManagementBooks::addBook(CBook book)
{
int flag = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < m_allBookNum; i++)
{
if (m_books[i].getName() == book.getName())
{
flag = 1;
m_books[i].setNum(m_books[i].getNum() + book.getNum());
ofstream writeFile("library.txt", ios::out);
for (int i = 0; i < m_allBookNum; i++)
{
writeFile << m_books[i];
}
writeFile.close();
break;
}
}
if (!flag)
{
ofstream writeFile("library.txt", ios::app);
m_books.push_back(book);
m_allBookNum++;
writeFile << book;
writeFile.close();
}
}
int CManagementBooks::getAllBookNum()
{
return m_allBookNum;
}
void CManagementBooks::showAllBooksInfo()
{
for (int i = 0; i < m_allBookNum; i++)
{
m_books[i].showInfo();
}
}
bool CManagementBooks::borrow(string name)
{
for (int i =0; i <m_allBookNum; i++)
{
if (m_books[i].getName() == name)
{
if (m_books[i].getNum() >= 1)
{
m_books[i].setNum(m_books[i].getNum() - 1);
cout << "借书成功" << endl;
ofstream writeFile("library.txt");
for (int i = 0; i < m_allBookNum; i++)
{
writeFile << m_books[i];
}
writeFile.close();
return true;
}
else
{
cout << "此书数量不足" << endl;
return false;
}
}
}
cout << "很抱歉，暂无此书" << endl;
return false;
}
void CManagementBooks::Return(string id,string bookName)
{
CBook book;
book.setName(bookName);
addBook(book);
ofstream writeFile("borrowedBook.txt",ios::out);
for (auto iter =m_outBookMap.begin(); iter != m_outBookMap.end(); ++iter)
{
if (iter->first == id && iter->second == bookName)
{
m_outBookMap.erase(iter);
break;
}
}
for (auto map : m_outBookMap)
{
writeFile << endl << map.first << " " << map.second;
}
writeFile.close();
}
void CManagementBooks::initOutBook()
{
ifstream readFile("borrowedBook.txt");
if (!readFile.is_open())
{
cout << "查看全体借书情况数据读取出错" << endl;
}
else
{
while (!readFile.eof())
{
string studentId, bookName;
readFile >> studentId >> bookName;
m_outBookMap.insert(pair<string, string>(studentId, bookName));
}
}
readFile.close();
}
void CManagementBooks::checekOutBook()
{
for (auto map : m_outBookMap)
{
cout << "借阅人学工号:" << map.first<<" " << "借阅书名:" << map.second << endl;
}
}
void CManagementBooks::initBooks()
{
ifstream readFile;
readFile.open("library.txt");
if (!readFile.is_open())
{
cout << "图书数据读取错误" << endl;
readFile.close();
return;
}
while (!readFile.eof())
{
CBook book;
readFile >> book;
m_allBookNum++;
m_books.push_back(book);
}
readFile.close();
}
int CManagementBooks::checkBorrowedBook(string userId)
{
int flag = 0;
for (auto map : m_outBookMap)
{
if (userId == map.first)
{
if (!flag)
{
cout << "您已经借的全部图书如下：" << endl;
flag++;
}
else
{
flag++;
}
cout << map.second << " ";
}
}
if (!flag)
{
cout << "您目前没有借书" << endl;
}
cout << "共：" << flag << "本";
cout << endl;
return flag;
}
void CManagementBooks::viewBorrowerDetails(string id)
{
ifstream readFile("teacher.txt");
ifstream readFile1("student.txt");
int flag = 0;
if (!readFile1.is_open()|| !readFile.is_open())
{
cout << "用户数据读取错误" << endl;
}
while (!readFile1.eof())
{
string act1, name, department, gender;
readFile1 >> act1 >> name >> gender >> department;
if (id == act1)
{
cout<<"用户类别:"<<"学生"<<" " << "用户姓名:" << name << " " << "用户性别:" << gender << " " << "用户所在部门:" << department << endl;
flag = 1;
}
}
if (!flag)
{
while (!readFile.eof())
{
string act1, name, department, gender;
readFile >> act1 >> name >> gender >> department;
if (id == act1)
{
flag = 1;
cout << "用户类别:"<<"老师"<<" " << "用户姓名:" << name << " " << "用户性别:" << gender << " " << "用户所在部门:" << department << endl;
}
}
}
if (!flag)
{
cout << "无此用户！" << endl;
}
readFile.close();
readFile1.close();
}
bool CManagementBooks::checkTrueBorrow(string id, string bookName)
{
for (auto map : m_outBookMap)
{
if (map.first == id && map.second == bookName)
{
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
void CManagementBooks::setMapValue(string userId,string bookName)
{
m_outBookMap.insert(pair<string, string>(userId, bookName));
}
CBook.cpp
聚焦于图书实体的抽象与数据交互优化。通过构建图书类，对图书的核心属性如书名、作者、ISBN、库存等进行精准建模，形成标准化的数据结构。同时，重载输入输出流运算符（>> 和 <<），使图书对象在文件读写操作中实现无缝对接，极大地简化了数据持久化与读取流程，提升了系统数据处理的便捷性与规范性。
#include "CBook.h"
#include <iostream>
#include<fstream>
using namespace std;
CBook::CBook()
{
string b = "";
string randStr = "0123456789X";
for (int i = 0; i <= 12; i++)
{
if (i == 1 || i == 5 || i == 11)
{
b += '-';
}
else
{
if (i == 12)
{
b += randStr[rand() % 11];
}
else
{
b += randStr[rand() % 10];
}
}
}
m_num = 1;
m_name = "等待戈多";
m_author = "李XX";
m_isbn = b;
m_page = rand();
m_pressInfo = "XX出版社";
m_price = rand();
}
void CBook::setNum(int num)
{
m_num = num;
}
int CBook::getNum()
{
return m_num;
}
void CBook::setName(string name)
{
m_name = name;
}
string CBook::getName()
{
return m_name;
}
void CBook::setIsbn(string isbn)
{
m_isbn = isbn;
}
string CBook::getIsbn()
{
return m_isbn;
}
void CBook::setPressInfo(string perssInfo)
{
m_pressInfo = perssInfo;
}
string CBook::getPressInfo()
{
return m_pressInfo;
}
void CBook::setPrice(double price)
{
m_price = price;
}
double CBook::getPrice()
{
return m_price;
}
void CBook::setPage(int page)
{
m_page = page;
}
int CBook::getPage()
{
return m_page;
}
void CBook::setAuthor(string author)
{
m_author = author;
}
string CBook::getAuthor()
{
return m_author;
}
void CBook::checkIsnb()
{
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0, j = 1; i < m_isbn.size(); i++) {
if (m_isbn[i] != '-' && i != 12) {
sum += (m_isbn[i] - '0') * j;
j++;
}
}
sum %= 11;
char c = 'X';
if (sum < 10) c = sum + '0';
if (m_isbn[12] == c) puts("This book isbn are Right!");
else puts("This book isbn are wrong!");
}
bool CBook::isBorrowed()
{
if (m_num >= 1)
{
m_num--;
return true;
}
return false;
}
void CBook::showInfo()
{
cout<<"作者:" << m_author << " "<<"isbn号码:" << m_isbn << " " <<"书本名称:"<< m_name << " "
<<"总页数:" << m_page << " " <<"出版社:" << m_pressInfo << " " <<"价格:" << m_price
<< " " <<"剩余本数:"<<m_num<< endl;
}
std::ostream& operator <<(std::ostream& os, const CBook& book)
{
os << endl <<book.m_name << " " <<book.m_isbn << " " << book.m_pressInfo << " " <<book.m_price << " " << book.m_page << " " << book.m_author << " " << book.m_num;
return os;
}
std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& is, CBook& book)
{
is >> book.m_name >> book.m_isbn >> book.m_pressInfo >> book.m_price >>book.m_page >> book.m_author >> book.m_num;
return is;
}
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