STL中仿函数(functors)、类成员和mem_fun的使用

众所周知,STL使用起来非常方便,其中仿函数(functor)扮演了一个非常重要的角色。灵活运用仿函数的使用对于发挥STL强大功能非常关键。本文详细介绍了如何使用mem_fun和mem_fun1来绑定类成员函数,使之成为functor

什么是仿函数?就是一个重载了"()"运算符的struct,例如:

struct print_obj{
   
void operator(int a)const{
        
cout<<a<<endl;
    }
};

在STL的许多算法(algorithm)中都需要使用functor. 如:for_each. 同样在关联容器中也需要使用functor, 如map, set等。经常在使用STL算法的时候,经常需要把仿函数和类联系在一起,如果可以直接使用类的成员函数作为仿函数,那就方便多了。mem_fun的功能就是如此。

先看个简单的例子:

struct D {
  D(int i=0){num=i;}
  int num;
};
struct print_D{
 
void operator()(const D* d)const{
     
cout<<"I am D. my num="<<d->num<<endl;
    }
};

int main()
{
  vector<D*> V;

  V.push_back(new D(1));
  V.push_back(new D(2));
  V.push_back(new D);
  V.push_back(new D(3));

  for_each(V.begin(), V.end(), print_D());
}
编译输出:

I am D. my num=1
I am D. my num=2
I am D. my num=0
I am D. my num=3

如果使用mem_fun,会方便很多:

struct D {
  D(int i=0){num=i;}
  void print() { cout << "I'm a D. my num=" << num<< endl; }
  int num;
};

int main()
{
  vector<D*> V;

  V.push_back(new D(1));
  V.push_back(new D(2));
  V.push_back(new D);
  V.push_back(new D(3));

  for_each(V.begin(), V.end(), mem_fun(&D::print));
}

是不是省了一个仿函数?方便多了,没错吧。这也更符合面向对象的规则。不过这样好像让人难以理解,这里告诉你一个理解STL的诀窍:

    如果对STL的某个部分不了解,就去看源码,源码是最好的老师。

那看看源码是怎么回事,在SGI STL的stl_function.h:

template <class _Ret, class _Tp>
inline mem_fun_t<_Ret,_Tp> mem_fun(_Ret (_Tp::*__f)())
{ return mem_fun_t<_Ret,_Tp>(__f); }
 

原来mem_fun返回的是一个对象:mem_fun_t<_Ret,_Tp>.(不要嫌人家命名太怪异).那mem_fun_t<_Ret,_Tp>又是什么东东?还是看源码:

template <class _Ret, class _Tp>
class mem_fun_t : public unary_function<_Tp*,_Ret> {
public:
   
explicit mem_fun_t(_Ret (_Tp::*__pf)()) : _M_f(__pf) {}
    _Ret operator()(_Tp* __p)
const { return (__p->*_M_f)(); }
private:
    _Ret (_Tp::*_M_f)();
};

看明白了吗?原来mem_fun_t就是一个functor,这下就满足了for_each的要求了。其调 用流程是这样的,for_each把vector中的元素传送给mem_fun,mem_fun自己产生一个仿函数mem_fun_t,然后仿函数调用其 重载的()。过程就这么简单。当然你不能对其他类的成员函数进行绑定,因为在for_each调用过程中,会传递其*iterator值,如果是其他类的 成员函数,那么这个类的对象无法传入,当然就无法完成任务了。

这里使用的是vector<D*> V; 在mem_fun_t构造函数中,刚好需要指针,如果不是D*, 而是使用vector<D> V; 还能用吗?

这是你需要使用的是mem_fun_ref。把程序改成:

struct D {
  D(int i=0){num=i;}
  void print() { cout << "I'm a D. my num=" << num<< endl; }
  int num;
};

int main()
{
  vector<D> V;

  V.push_back(D(1));
  V.push_back( D(2));
  V.push_back( D());
  V.push_back( D(3));

  for_each(V.begin(), V.end(), mem_fun_ref(&D::print));
}

一切都OK了。

mem_fun对于一些多态的虚函数也十分有用,注意看下面的例子:

struct B {
  virtual void print() = 0;
};

struct D1 : public B {
  void print() { cout << "I'm a D1" << endl; }
};

struct D2 : public B {
  void print() { cout << "I'm a D2" << endl; }
};

int main()
{
  vector<B*> V;

  V.push_back(new D1);
  V.push_back(new D2);
  V.push_back(new D2);
  V.push_back(new D1);

  for_each(V.begin(), V.end(), mem_fun(&B::print));
}

理解了吗? 有更多的兴趣,可以看看mem_fun1mem_fun1_ref,他们可以使用绑定一个参数的类成员。

报错如下,如何修改》// Functor implementations -*- C++ -*- // Copyright (C) 2001-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc. // // This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library. This library is free // software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the // terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the // Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) // any later version. // This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the // GNU General Public License for more details. // Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional // permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version // 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation. // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and // a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program; // see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively. If not, see // <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. /* * * Copyright (c) 1994 * Hewlett-Packard Company * * Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute and sell this software * and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee, * provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and * that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear * in supporting documentation. Hewlett-Packard Company makes no * representations about the suitability of this software for any * purpose. It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty. * * * Copyright (c) 1996-1998 * Silicon Graphics Computer Systems, Inc. * * Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute and sell this software * and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee, * provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and * that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear * in supporting documentation. Silicon Graphics makes no * representations about the suitability of this software for any * purpose. It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty. */ /** @file bits/stl_function.h * This is an internal header file, included by other library headers. * Do not attempt to use it directly. @headername{functional} */ #ifndef _STL_FUNCTION_H #define _STL_FUNCTION_H 1 #if __cplusplus > 201103L #include <bits/move.h> #endif namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default) { _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION // 20.3.1 base classes /** @defgroup functors Function Objects * @ingroup utilities * * Function objects, or @e functors, are objects with an @c operator() * defined and accessible. They can be passed as arguments to algorithm * templates and used in place of a function pointer. Not only is the * resulting expressiveness of the library increased, but the generated * code can be more efficient than what you might write by hand. When we * refer to @a functors, then, generally we include function pointers in * the description as well. * * Often, functors are only created as temporaries passed to algorithm * calls, rather than being created as named variables. * * Two examples taken from the standard itself follow. To perform a * by-element addition of two vectors @c a and @c b containing @c double, * and put the result in @c a, use * \code * transform (a.begin(), a.end(), b.begin(), a.begin(), plus<double>()); * \endcode * To negate every element in @c a, use * \code * transform(a.begin(), a.end(), a.begin(), negate<double>()); * \endcode * The addition and negation functions will be inlined directly. * * The standard functors are derived from structs named @c unary_function * and @c binary_function. These two classes contain nothing but typedefs, * to aid in generic (template) programming. If you write your own * functors, you might consider doing the same. * * @{ */ /** * This is one of the @link functors functor base classes@endlink. */ template<typename _Arg, typename _Result> struct unary_function { /// @c argument_type is the type of the argument typedef _Arg argument_type; /// @c result_type is the return type typedef _Result result_type; }; /** * This is one of the @link functors functor base classes@endlink. */ template<typename _Arg1, typename _Arg2, typename _Result> struct binary_function { /// @c first_argument_type is the type of the first argument typedef _Arg1 first_argument_type; /// @c second_argument_type is the type of the second argument typedef _Arg2 second_argument_type; /// @c result_type is the return type typedef _Result result_type; }; /** @} */ // 20.3.2 arithmetic /** @defgroup arithmetic_functors Arithmetic Classes * @ingroup functors * * Because basic math often needs to be done during an algorithm, * the library provides functors for those operations. See the * documentation for @link functors the base classes@endlink * for examples of their use. * * @{ */ #if __cplusplus > 201103L struct __is_transparent; // undefined template<typename _Tp = void> struct plus; template<typename _Tp = void> struct minus; template<typename _Tp = void> struct multiplies; template<typename _Tp = void> struct divides; template<typename _Tp = void> struct modulus; template<typename _Tp = void> struct negate; #endif /// One of the @link arithmetic_functors math functors@endlink. template<typename _Tp> struct plus : public binary_function<_Tp, _Tp, _Tp> { _Tp operator()(const _Tp& __x, const _Tp& __y) const { return __x + __y; } }; /// One of the @link arithmetic_functors math functors@endlink. template<typename _Tp> struct minus : public binary_function<_Tp, _Tp, _Tp> { _Tp operator()(const _Tp& __x, const _Tp& __y) const { return __x - __y; } }; /// One of the @link arithmetic_functors math functors@endlink. template<typename _Tp> struct multiplies : public binary_function<_Tp, _Tp, _Tp> { _Tp operator()(const _Tp& __x, const _Tp& __y) const { return __x * __y; } }; /// One of the @link arithmetic_functors math functors@endlink. template<typename _Tp> struct divides : public binary_function<_Tp, _Tp, _Tp> { _Tp operator()(const _Tp& __x, const _Tp& __y) const { return __x / __y; } }; /// One of the @link arithmetic_functors math functors@endlink. template<typename _Tp> struct modulus : public binary_function<_Tp, _Tp, _Tp> { _Tp operator()(const _Tp& __x, const _Tp& __y) const { return __x % __y; } }; /// One of the @link arithmetic_functors math functors@endlink. template<typename _Tp> struct negate : public unary_function<_Tp, _Tp> { _Tp operator()(const _Tp& __x) const { return -__x; } }; #if __cplusplus > 201103L #define __cpp_lib_transparent_operators 201210 //#define __cpp_lib_generic_associative_lookup 201304 template<> struct plus<void> { template <typename _Tp, typename _Up> auto operator()(_Tp&& __t, _Up&& __u) const noexcept(noexcept(std::forward<_Tp>(__t) + std::forward<_Up>(__u))) -> decltype(std::forward<_Tp>(__t) + std::forward<_Up>(__u)) { return std::forward<_Tp>(__t) + std::forward<_Up>(__u); } typedef __is_transparent is_transparent; }; /// One of the @link arithmetic_functors math functors@endlink. template<> struct minus<void> { template <typename _Tp, typename _Up> auto operator()(_Tp&& __t, _Up&& __u) const noexcept(noexcept(std::forward<_Tp>(__t) - std::forward<_Up>(__u))) -> decltype(std::forward<_Tp>(__t) - std::forward<_Up>(__u)) { return std::forward<_Tp>(__t) - std::forward<_Up>(__u); } typedef __is_transparent is_transparent; }; /// One of the @link arithmetic_functors math functors@endlink. template<> struct multiplies<void> { template <typename _Tp, typename _Up> auto operator()(_Tp&& __t, _Up&& __u) const noexcept(noexcept(std::forward<_Tp>(__t) * std::forward<_Up>(__u))) -> decltype(std::forward<_Tp>(__t) * std::forward<_Up>(__u)) { return std::forward<_Tp>(__t) * std::forward<_Up>(__u); } typedef __is_transparent is_transparent; }; /// One of the @link arithmetic_functors math functors@endlink. template<> struct divides<void> { template <typename _Tp, typename _Up> auto operator()(_Tp&& __t, _Up&& __u) const noexcept(noexcept(std::forward<_Tp>(__t) / std::forward<_Up>(__u))) -> decltype(std::forward<_Tp>(__t) / std::forward<_Up>(__u)) { return std::forward<_Tp>(__t) / std::forward<_Up>(__u); } typedef __is_transparent is_transparent; }; /// One of the @link arithmetic_functors math functors@endlink. template<> struct modulus<void> { template <typename _Tp, typename _Up> auto operator()(_Tp&& __t, _Up&& __u) const noexcept(noexcept(std::forward<_Tp>(__t) % std::forward<_Up>(__u))) -> decltype(std::forward<_Tp>(__t) % std::forward<_Up>(__u)) { return std::forward<_Tp>(__t) % std::forward<_Up>(__u); } typedef __is_transparent is_transparent; }; /// One of the @link arithmetic_functors math functors@endlink. template<> struct negate<void> { template <typename _Tp> auto operator()(_Tp&& __t) const noexcept(noexcept(-std::forward<_Tp>(__t))) -> decltype(-std::forward<_Tp>(__t)) { return -std::forward<_Tp>(__t); } typedef __is_transparent is_transparent; }; #endif /** @} */ // 20.3.3 comparisons /** @defgroup comparison_functors Comparison Classes * @ingroup functors * * The library provides six wrapper functors for all the basic comparisons * in C++, like @c <. * * @{ */ #if __cplusplus > 201103L template<typename _Tp = void> struct equal_to; template<typename _Tp = void> struct not_equal_to; template<typename _Tp = void> struct greater; template<typename _Tp = void> struct less; template<typename _Tp = void> struct greater_equal; template<typename _Tp = void> struct less_equal; #endif /// One of the @link comparison_functors comparison functors@endlink. template<typename _Tp> struct equal_to : public binary_function<_Tp, _Tp, bool> { bool operator()(const _Tp& __x, const _Tp& __y) const { return __x == __y; } }; /// One of the @link comparison_functors comparison functors@endlink. template<typename _Tp> struct not_equal_to : public binary_function<_Tp, _Tp, bool> { bool operator()(const _Tp& __x, const _Tp& __y) const { return __x != __y; } }; /// One of the @link comparison_functors comparison functors@endlink. template<typename _Tp> struct greater : public binary_function<_Tp, _Tp, bool> { bool operator()(const _Tp& __x, const _Tp& __y) const { return __x > __y; } }; /// One of the @link comparison_functors comparison functors@endlink. template<typename _Tp> struct less : public binary_function<_Tp, _Tp, bool> { bool operator()(const _Tp& __x, const _Tp& __y) const { return __x < __y; } }; /// One of the @link comparison_functors comparison functors@endlink. template<typename _Tp> struct greater_equal : public binary_function<_Tp, _Tp, bool> { bool operator()(const _Tp& __x, const _Tp& __y) const { return __x >= __y; } }; /// One of the @link comparison_functors comparison functors@endlink. template<typename _Tp> struct less_equal : public binary_function<_Tp, _Tp, bool> { bool operator()(const _Tp& __x, const _Tp& __y) const { return __x <= __y; } }; #if __cplusplus > 201103L /// One of the @link comparison_functors comparison functors@endlink. template<> struct equal_to<void> { template <typename _Tp, typename _Up> auto operator()(_Tp&& __t, _Up&& __u) const noexcept(noexcept(std::forward<_Tp>(__t) == std::forward<_Up>(__u))) -> decltype(std::forward<_Tp>(__t) == std::forward<_Up>(__u)) { return std::forward<_Tp>(__t) == std::forward<_Up>(__u); } typedef __is_transparent is_transparent; }; /// One of the @link comparison_functors comparison functors@endlink. template<> struct not_equal_to<void> { template <typename _Tp, typename _Up> auto operator()(_Tp&& __t, _Up&& __u) const noexcept(noexcept(std::forward<_Tp>(__t) != std::forward<_Up>(__u))) -> decltype(std::forward<_Tp>(__t) != std::forward<_Up>(__u)) { return std::forward<_Tp>(__t) != std::forward<_Up>(__u); } typedef __is_transparent is_transparent; }; /// One of the @link comparison_functors comparison functors@endlink. template<> struct greater<void> { template <typename _Tp, typename _Up> auto operator()(_Tp&& __t, _Up&& __u) const noexcept(noexcept(std::forward<_Tp>(__t) > std::forward<_Up>(__u))) -> decltype(std::forward<_Tp>(__t) > std::forward<_Up>(__u)) { return std::forward<_Tp>(__t) > std::forward<_Up>(__u); } typedef __is_transparent is_transparent; }; /// One of the @link comparison_functors comparison functors@endlink. template<> struct less<void> { template <typename _Tp, typename _Up> auto operator()(_Tp&& __t, _Up&& __u) const noexcept(noexcept(std::forward<_Tp>(__t) < std::forward<_Up>(__u))) -> decltype(std::forward<_Tp>(__t) < std::forward<_Up>(__u)) { return std::forward<_Tp>(__t) < std::forward<_Up>(__u); } typedef __is_transparent is_transparent; }; /// One of the @link comparison_functors comparison functors@endlink. template<> struct greater_equal<void> { template <typename _Tp, typename _Up> auto operator()(_Tp&& __t, _Up&& __u) const noexcept(noexcept(std::forward<_Tp>(__t) >= std::forward<_Up>(__u))) -> decltype(std::forward<_Tp>(__t) >= std::forward<_Up>(__u)) { return std::forward<_Tp>(__t) >= std::forward<_Up>(__u); } typedef __is_transparent is_transparent; }; /// One of the @link comparison_functors comparison functors@endlink. template<> struct less_equal<void> { template <typename _Tp, typename _Up> auto operator()(_Tp&& __t, _Up&& __u) const noexcept(noexcept(std::forward<_Tp>(__t) <= std::forward<_Up>(__u))) -> decltype(std::forward<_Tp>(__t) <= std::forward<_Up>(__u)) { return std::forward<_Tp>(__t) <= std::forward<_Up>(__u); } typedef __is_transparent is_transparent; }; #endif /** @} */ // 20.3.4 logical operations /** @defgroup logical_functors Boolean Operations Classes * @ingroup functors * * Here are wrapper functors for Boolean operations: @c &&, @c ||, * and @c !. * * @{ */ #if __cplusplus > 201103L template<typename _Tp = void> struct logical_and; template<typename _Tp = void> struct logical_or; template<typename _Tp = void> struct logical_not; #endif /// One of the @link logical_functors Boolean operations functors@endlink. template<typename _Tp> struct logical_and : public binary_function<_Tp, _Tp, bool> { bool operator()(const _Tp& __x, const _Tp& __y) const { return __x && __y; } }; /// One of the @link logical_functors Boolean operations functors@endlink. template<typename _Tp> struct logical_or : public binary_function<_Tp, _Tp, bool> { bool operator()(const _Tp& __x, const _Tp& __y) const { return __x || __y; } }; /// One of the @link logical_functors Boolean operations functors@endlink. template<typename _Tp> struct logical_not : public unary_function<_Tp, bool> { bool operator()(const _Tp& __x) const { return !__x; } }; #if __cplusplus > 201103L /// One of the @link logical_functors Boolean operations functors@endlink. template<> struct logical_and<void> { template <typename _Tp, typename _Up> auto operator()(_Tp&& __t, _Up&& __u) const noexcept(noexcept(std::forward<_Tp>(__t) && std::forward<_Up>(__u))) -> decltype(std::forward<_Tp>(__t) && std::forward<_Up>(__u)) { return std::forward<_Tp>(__t) && std::forward<_Up>(__u); } typedef __is_transparent is_transparent; }; /// One of the @link logical_functors Boolean operations functors@endlink. template<> struct logical_or<void> { template <typename _Tp, typename _Up> auto operator()(_Tp&& __t, _Up&& __u) const noexcept(noexcept(std::forward<_Tp>(__t) || std::forward<_Up>(__u))) -> decltype(std::forward<_Tp>(__t) || std::forward<_Up>(__u)) { return std::forward<_Tp>(__t) || std::forward<_Up>(__u); } typedef __is_transparent is_transparent; }; /// One of the @link logical_functors Boolean operations functors@endlink. template<> struct logical_not<void> { template <typename _Tp> auto operator()(_Tp&& __t) const noexcept(noexcept(!std::forward<_Tp>(__t))) -> decltype(!std::forward<_Tp>(__t)) { return !std::forward<_Tp>(__t); } typedef __is_transparent is_transparent; }; #endif /** @} */ #if __cplusplus > 201103L template<typename _Tp = void> struct bit_and; template<typename _Tp = void> struct bit_or; template<typename _Tp = void> struct bit_xor; template<typename _Tp = void> struct bit_not; #endif // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS // DR 660. Missing Bitwise Operations. template<typename _Tp> struct bit_and : public binary_function<_Tp, _Tp, _Tp> { _Tp operator()(const _Tp& __x, const _Tp& __y) const { return __x & __y; } }; template<typename _Tp> struct bit_or : public binary_function<_Tp, _Tp, _Tp> { _Tp operator()(const _Tp& __x, const _Tp& __y) const { return __x | __y; } }; template<typename _Tp> struct bit_xor : public binary_function<_Tp, _Tp, _Tp> { _Tp operator()(const _Tp& __x, const _Tp& __y) const { return __x ^ __y; } }; template<typename _Tp> struct bit_not : public unary_function<_Tp, _Tp> { _Tp operator()(const _Tp& __x) const { return ~__x; } }; #if __cplusplus > 201103L template <> struct bit_and<void> { template <typename _Tp, typename _Up> auto operator()(_Tp&& __t, _Up&& __u) const noexcept(noexcept(std::forward<_Tp>(__t) & std::forward<_Up>(__u))) -> decltype(std::forward<_Tp>(__t) & std::forward<_Up>(__u)) { return std::forward<_Tp>(__t) & std::forward<_Up>(__u); } typedef __is_transparent is_transparent; }; template <> struct bit_or<void> { template <typename _Tp, typename _Up> auto operator()(_Tp&& __t, _Up&& __u) const noexcept(noexcept(std::forward<_Tp>(__t) | std::forward<_Up>(__u))) -> decltype(std::forward<_Tp>(__t) | std::forward<_Up>(__u)) { return std::forward<_Tp>(__t) | std::forward<_Up>(__u); } typedef __is_transparent is_transparent; }; template <> struct bit_xor<void> { template <typename _Tp, typename _Up> auto operator()(_Tp&& __t, _Up&& __u) const noexcept(noexcept(std::forward<_Tp>(__t) ^ std::forward<_Up>(__u))) -> decltype(std::forward<_Tp>(__t) ^ std::forward<_Up>(__u)) { return std::forward<_Tp>(__t) ^ std::forward<_Up>(__u); } typedef __is_transparent is_transparent; }; template <> struct bit_not<void> { template <typename _Tp> auto operator()(_Tp&& __t) const noexcept(noexcept(~std::forward<_Tp>(__t))) -> decltype(~std::forward<_Tp>(__t)) { return ~std::forward<_Tp>(__t); } typedef __is_transparent is_transparent; }; #endif // 20.3.5 negators /** @defgroup negators Negators * @ingroup functors * * The functions @c not1 and @c not2 each take a predicate functor * and return an instance of @c unary_negate or * @c binary_negate, respectively. These classes are functors whose * @c operator() performs the stored predicate function and then returns * the negation of the result. * * For example, given a vector of integers and a trivial predicate, * \code * struct IntGreaterThanThree * : public std::unary_function<int, bool> * { * bool operator() (int x) { return x > 3; } * }; * * std::find_if (v.begin(), v.end(), not1(IntGreaterThanThree())); * \endcode * The call to @c find_if will locate the first index (i) of @c v for which * <code>!(v[i] > 3)</code> is true. * * The not1/unary_negate combination works on predicates taking a single * argument. The not2/binary_negate combination works on predicates which * take two arguments. * * @{ */ /// One of the @link negators negation functors@endlink. template<typename _Predicate> class unary_negate : public unary_function<typename _Predicate::argument_type, bool> { protected: _Predicate _M_pred; public: explicit unary_negate(const _Predicate& __x) : _M_pred(__x) { } bool operator()(const typename _Predicate::argument_type& __x) const { return !_M_pred(__x); } }; /// One of the @link negators negation functors@endlink. template<typename _Predicate> inline unary_negate<_Predicate> not1(const _Predicate& __pred) { return unary_negate<_Predicate>(__pred); } /// One of the @link negators negation functors@endlink. template<typename _Predicate> class binary_negate : public binary_function<typename _Predicate::first_argument_type, typename _Predicate::second_argument_type, bool> { protected: _Predicate _M_pred; public: explicit binary_negate(const _Predicate& __x) : _M_pred(__x) { } bool operator()(const typename _Predicate::first_argument_type& __x, const typename _Predicate::second_argument_type& __y) const { return !_M_pred(__x, __y); } }; /// One of the @link negators negation functors@endlink. template<typename _Predicate> inline binary_negate<_Predicate> not2(const _Predicate& __pred) { return binary_negate<_Predicate>(__pred); } /** @} */ // 20.3.7 adaptors pointers functions /** @defgroup pointer_adaptors Adaptors for pointers to functions * @ingroup functors * * The advantage of function objects over pointers to functions is that * the objects in the standard library declare nested typedefs describing * their argument and result types with uniform names (e.g., @c result_type * from the base classes @c unary_function and @c binary_function). * Sometimes those typedefs are required, not just optional. * * Adaptors are provided to turn pointers to unary (single-argument) and * binary (double-argument) functions into function objects. The * long-winded functor @c pointer_to_unary_function is constructed with a * function pointer @c f, and its @c operator() called with argument @c x * returns @c f(x). The functor @c pointer_to_binary_function does the same * thing, but with a double-argument @c f and @c operator(). * * The function @c ptr_fun takes a pointer-to-function @c f and constructs * an instance of the appropriate functor. * * @{ */ /// One of the @link pointer_adaptors adaptors for function pointers@endlink. template<typename _Arg, typename _Result> class pointer_to_unary_function : public unary_function<_Arg, _Result> { protected: _Result (*_M_ptr)(_Arg); public: pointer_to_unary_function() { } explicit pointer_to_unary_function(_Result (*__x)(_Arg)) : _M_ptr(__x) { } _Result operator()(_Arg __x) const { return _M_ptr(__x); } }; /// One of the @link pointer_adaptors adaptors for function pointers@endlink. template<typename _Arg, typename _Result> inline pointer_to_unary_function<_Arg, _Result> ptr_fun(_Result (*__x)(_Arg)) { return pointer_to_unary_function<_Arg, _Result>(__x); } /// One of the @link pointer_adaptors adaptors for function pointers@endlink. template<typename _Arg1, typename _Arg2, typename _Result> class pointer_to_binary_function : public binary_function<_Arg1, _Arg2, _Result> { protected: _Result (*_M_ptr)(_Arg1, _Arg2); public: pointer_to_binary_function() { } explicit pointer_to_binary_function(_Result (*__x)(_Arg1, _Arg2)) : _M_ptr(__x) { } _Result operator()(_Arg1 __x, _Arg2 __y) const { return _M_ptr(__x, __y); } }; /// One of the @link pointer_adaptors adaptors for function pointers@endlink. template<typename _Arg1, typename _Arg2, typename _Result> inline pointer_to_binary_function<_Arg1, _Arg2, _Result> ptr_fun(_Result (*__x)(_Arg1, _Arg2)) { return pointer_to_binary_function<_Arg1, _Arg2, _Result>(__x); } /** @} */ template<typename _Tp> struct _Identity : public unary_function<_Tp,_Tp> { _Tp& operator()(_Tp& __x) const { return __x; } const _Tp& operator()(const _Tp& __x) const { return __x; } }; template<typename _Pair> struct _Select1st : public unary_function<_Pair, typename _Pair::first_type> { typename _Pair::first_type& operator()(_Pair& __x) const { return __x.first; } const typename _Pair::first_type& operator()(const _Pair& __x) const { return __x.first; } #if __cplusplus >= 201103L template<typename _Pair2> typename _Pair2::first_type& operator()(_Pair2& __x) const { return __x.first; } template<typename _Pair2> const typename _Pair2::first_type& operator()(const _Pair2& __x) const { return __x.first; } #endif }; template<typename _Pair> struct _Select2nd : public unary_function<_Pair, typename _Pair::second_type> { typename _Pair::second_type& operator()(_Pair& __x) const { return __x.second; } const typename _Pair::second_type& operator()(const _Pair& __x) const { return __x.second; } }; // 20.3.8 adaptors pointers members /** @defgroup memory_adaptors Adaptors for pointers to members * @ingroup functors * * There are a total of 8 = 2^3 function objects in this family. * (1) Member functions taking no arguments vs member functions taking * one argument. * (2) Call through pointer vs call through reference. * (3) Const vs non-const member function. * * All of this complexity is in the function objects themselves. You can * ignore it by using the helper function mem_fun and mem_fun_ref, * which create whichever type of adaptor is appropriate. * * @{ */ /// One of the @link memory_adaptors adaptors for member /// pointers@endlink. template<typename _Ret, typename _Tp> class mem_fun_t : public unary_function<_Tp*, _Ret> { public: explicit mem_fun_t(_Ret (_Tp::*__pf)()) : _M_f(__pf) { } _Ret operator()(_Tp* __p) const { return (__p->*_M_f)(); } private: _Ret (_Tp::*_M_f)(); }; /// One of the @link memory_adaptors adaptors for member /// pointers@endlink. template<typename _Ret, typename _Tp> class const_mem_fun_t : public unary_function<const _Tp*, _Ret> { public: explicit const_mem_fun_t(_Ret (_Tp::*__pf)() const) : _M_f(__pf) { } _Ret operator()(const _Tp* __p) const { return (__p->*_M_f)(); } private: _Ret (_Tp::*_M_f)() const; }; /// One of the @link memory_adaptors adaptors for member /// pointers@endlink. template<typename _Ret, typename _Tp> class mem_fun_ref_t : public unary_function<_Tp, _Ret> { public: explicit mem_fun_ref_t(_Ret (_Tp::*__pf)()) : _M_f(__pf) { } _Ret operator()(_Tp& __r) const { return (__r.*_M_f)(); } private: _Ret (_Tp::*_M_f)(); }; /// One of the @link memory_adaptors adaptors for member /// pointers@endlink. template<typename _Ret, typename _Tp> class const_mem_fun_ref_t : public unary_function<_Tp, _Ret> { public: explicit const_mem_fun_ref_t(_Ret (_Tp::*__pf)() const) : _M_f(__pf) { } _Ret operator()(const _Tp& __r) const { return (__r.*_M_f)(); } private: _Ret (_Tp::*_M_f)() const; }; /// One of the @link memory_adaptors adaptors for member /// pointers@endlink. template<typename _Ret, typename _Tp, typename _Arg> class mem_fun1_t : public binary_function<_Tp*, _Arg, _Ret> { public: explicit mem_fun1_t(_Ret (_Tp::*__pf)(_Arg)) : _M_f(__pf) { } _Ret operator()(_Tp* __p, _Arg __x) const { return (__p->*_M_f)(__x); } private: _Ret (_Tp::*_M_f)(_Arg); }; /// One of the @link memory_adaptors adaptors for member /// pointers@endlink. template<typename _Ret, typename _Tp, typename _Arg> class const_mem_fun1_t : public binary_function<const _Tp*, _Arg, _Ret> { public: explicit const_mem_fun1_t(_Ret (_Tp::*__pf)(_Arg) const) : _M_f(__pf) { } _Ret operator()(const _Tp* __p, _Arg __x) const { return (__p->*_M_f)(__x); } private: _Ret (_Tp::*_M_f)(_Arg) const; }; /// One of the @link memory_adaptors adaptors for member /// pointers@endlink. template<typename _Ret, typename _Tp, typename _Arg> class mem_fun1_ref_t : public binary_function<_Tp, _Arg, _Ret> { public: explicit mem_fun1_ref_t(_Ret (_Tp::*__pf)(_Arg)) : _M_f(__pf) { } _Ret operator()(_Tp& __r, _Arg __x) const { return (__r.*_M_f)(__x); } private: _Ret (_Tp::*_M_f)(_Arg); }; /// One of the @link memory_adaptors adaptors for member /// pointers@endlink. template<typename _Ret, typename _Tp, typename _Arg> class const_mem_fun1_ref_t : public binary_function<_Tp, _Arg, _Ret> { public: explicit const_mem_fun1_ref_t(_Ret (_Tp::*__pf)(_Arg) const) : _M_f(__pf) { } _Ret operator()(const _Tp& __r, _Arg __x) const { return (__r.*_M_f)(__x); } private: _Ret (_Tp::*_M_f)(_Arg) const; }; // Mem_fun adaptor helper functions. There are only two: // mem_fun and mem_fun_ref. template<typename _Ret, typename _Tp> inline mem_fun_t<_Ret, _Tp> mem_fun(_Ret (_Tp::*__f)()) { return mem_fun_t<_Ret, _Tp>(__f); } template<typename _Ret, typename _Tp> inline const_mem_fun_t<_Ret, _Tp> mem_fun(_Ret (_Tp::*__f)() const) { return const_mem_fun_t<_Ret, _Tp>(__f); } template<typename _Ret, typename _Tp> inline mem_fun_ref_t<_Ret, _Tp> mem_fun_ref(_Ret (_Tp::*__f)()) { return mem_fun_ref_t<_Ret, _Tp>(__f); } template<typename _Ret, typename _Tp> inline const_mem_fun_ref_t<_Ret, _Tp> mem_fun_ref(_Ret (_Tp::*__f)() const) { return const_mem_fun_ref_t<_Ret, _Tp>(__f); } template<typename _Ret, typename _Tp, typename _Arg> inline mem_fun1_t<_Ret, _Tp, _Arg> mem_fun(_Ret (_Tp::*__f)(_Arg)) { return mem_fun1_t<_Ret, _Tp, _Arg>(__f); } template<typename _Ret, typename _Tp, typename _Arg> inline const_mem_fun1_t<_Ret, _Tp, _Arg> mem_fun(_Ret (_Tp::*__f)(_Arg) const) { return const_mem_fun1_t<_Ret, _Tp, _Arg>(__f); } template<typename _Ret, typename _Tp, typename _Arg> inline mem_fun1_ref_t<_Ret, _Tp, _Arg> mem_fun_ref(_Ret (_Tp::*__f)(_Arg)) { return mem_fun1_ref_t<_Ret, _Tp, _Arg>(__f); } template<typename _Ret, typename _Tp, typename _Arg> inline const_mem_fun1_ref_t<_Ret, _Tp, _Arg> mem_fun_ref(_Ret (_Tp::*__f)(_Arg) const) { return const_mem_fun1_ref_t<_Ret, _Tp, _Arg>(__f); } /** @} */ _GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION } // namespace #if (__cplusplus < 201103L) || _GLIBCXX_USE_DEPRECATED # include <backward/binders.h> #endif #endif /* _STL_FUNCTION_H */
10-24
评论
成就一亿技术人!
拼手气红包6.0元
还能输入1000个字符
 
红包 添加红包
表情包 插入表情
 条评论被折叠 查看
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值