R006---UiPath之ReadRange修改表头的故事

本文讲述了在UiPath中使用ReadRange操作时遇到的表头修改问题及其解决方法。当ReadRange默认设置导致数据未按预期写入时,可以通过取消AddHeaders选项或调整读取范围来修正。

摘要生成于 C知道 ,由 DeepSeek-R1 满血版支持, 前往体验 >

昨天这个故事有点意思。

缘起

修改UiPath的DataTable类型变量的列名的方法有很多种,推荐同事通过模板的方法,修改UiPath的ReadRange读取出来的表的列名。

模板

数据文件

目标格式

UiPath实现

结果

没有按照预想实现,纳闷...,什么原因?之前这么实现过,现在怎么不行了?开始怀疑是否梦中

排查错误

import os import subprocess import shutil import time import tkinter as tk from tkinter import filedialog, ttk, scrolledtext, messagebox, PhotoImage import pandas as pd import win32com.client as win32 from bs4 import BeautifulSoup import threading import tempfile import queue import traceback class DiffProcessorApp: def __init__(self, root): self.root = root root.title("高级文件夹比较工具") root.geometry("1000x700") root.configure(bg="#f5f5f5") # 创建现代风格主题 self.style = ttk.Style() self.style.theme_use('clam') # 自定义主题颜色 self.style.configure('TButton', font=('Segoe UI', 10, 'bold'), borderwidth=1, foreground="#333", background="#4CAF50", bordercolor="#388E3C", relief="flat", padding=8, anchor="center") self.style.map('TButton', background=[('active', '#388E3C'), ('disabled', '#BDBDBD')], foreground=[('disabled', '#9E9E9E')]) self.style.configure('TLabel', font=('Segoe UI', 9), background="#f5f5f5") self.style.configure('TLabelframe', font=('Segoe UI', 10, 'bold'), background="#f5f5f5", relief="flat", borderwidth=2) self.style.configure('TLabelframe.Label', font=('Segoe UI', 10, 'bold'), background="#f5f5f5", foreground="#2E7D32") self.style.configure('Treeview', font=('Segoe UI', 9), rowheight=25) self.style.configure('Treeview.Heading', font=('Segoe UI', 9, 'bold')) # 创建主框架 main_frame = ttk.Frame(root, padding="15") main_frame.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True, padx=10, pady=10) # 标题区域 header_frame = ttk.Frame(main_frame) header_frame.pack(fill=tk.X, pady=(0, 15)) # 添加标题图标 try: icon = PhotoImage(file="folder_icon.png") self.icon_label = ttk.Label(header_frame, image=icon) self.icon_label.image = icon self.icon_label.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=(0, 10)) except: self.icon_label = ttk.Label(header_frame, text="📁", font=("Arial", 24)) self.icon_label.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=(0, 10)) title_label = ttk.Label(header_frame, text="高级文件夹比较工具", font=("Segoe UI", 18, "bold"), foreground="#2E7D32") title_label.pack(side=tk.LEFT) # 文件选择区域 file_frame = ttk.LabelFrame(main_frame, text="文件夹选择", padding="12") file_frame.pack(fill=tk.X, pady=5) # 文件夹选择 self.old_folder_entry, self.new_folder_entry = self.create_folder_selector(file_frame, "原始文件夹:") self.new_folder_entry = self.create_folder_selector(file_frame, "修改后文件夹:")[0] # 比较选项区域 options_frame = ttk.LabelFrame(main_frame, text="比较选项", padding="12") options_frame.pack(fill=tk.X, pady=5) # 递归比较选项 self.recursive_var = tk.BooleanVar(value=True) recursive_check = ttk.Checkbutton(options_frame, text="递归比较子文件夹", variable=self.recursive_var) recursive_check.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=10, pady=5, sticky=tk.W) # 文件过滤 filter_frame = ttk.Frame(options_frame) filter_frame.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=10, pady=5, sticky=tk.W) ttk.Label(filter_frame, text="文件过滤:").pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=(0, 5)) self.filter_var = tk.StringVar(value="*.*") filter_entry = ttk.Entry(filter_frame, textvariable=self.filter_var, width=15) filter_entry.pack(side=tk.LEFT) # 目标Excel选择 excel_frame = ttk.LabelFrame(main_frame, text="输出设置", padding="12") excel_frame.pack(fill=tk.X, pady=5) ttk.Label(excel_frame, text="目标Excel文件:").grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=tk.W, padx=5, pady=5) self.excel_file_entry = ttk.Entry(excel_frame, width=60) self.excel_file_entry.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=5, pady=5) ttk.Button(excel_frame, text="浏览...", command=lambda: self.select_file(self.excel_file_entry, [("Excel文件", "*.xlsx *.xlsm")])).grid(row=0, column=2, padx=5, pady=5) # 执行按钮区域 button_frame = ttk.Frame(main_frame) button_frame.pack(fill=tk.X, pady=10) self.run_button = ttk.Button(button_frame, text="执行比较", command=self.start_processing, width=20, style='TButton') self.run_button.pack(side=tk.LEFT) # 停止按钮 self.stop_button = ttk.Button(button_frame, text="停止", command=self.stop_processing, width=10, state=tk.DISABLED) self.stop_button.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=10) # 进度条 self.progress = ttk.Progressbar(main_frame, orient=tk.HORIZONTAL, length=700, mode='determinate') self.progress.pack(fill=tk.X, pady=5) # 状态信息 status_frame = ttk.Frame(main_frame) status_frame.pack(fill=tk.X, pady=5) self.status_var = tk.StringVar(value="准备就绪") status_label = ttk.Label(status_frame, textvariable=self.status_var, font=("Segoe UI", 9), foreground="#2E7D32") status_label.pack(side=tk.LEFT) # 日志和预览区域 notebook = ttk.Notebook(main_frame) notebook.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True, pady=5) # 文件夹结构标签 tree_frame = ttk.Frame(notebook, padding="5") notebook.add(tree_frame, text="文件夹结构") # 创建树形视图 self.tree = ttk.Treeview(tree_frame, columns=("Status"), show="tree") self.tree.heading("#0", text="文件夹结构", anchor=tk.W) self.tree.heading("Status", text="状态", anchor=tk.W) self.tree.column("#0", width=400) self.tree.column("Status", width=100) vsb = ttk.Scrollbar(tree_frame, orient="vertical", command=self.tree.yview) hsb = ttk.Scrollbar(tree_frame, orient="horizontal", command=self.tree.xview) self.tree.configure(yscrollcommand=vsb.set, xscrollcommand=hsb.set) self.tree.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew") vsb.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky="ns") hsb.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky="ew") # 日志标签 log_frame = ttk.Frame(notebook, padding="5") notebook.add(log_frame, text="执行日志") self.log_text = scrolledtext.ScrolledText(log_frame, height=10, wrap=tk.WORD, font=("Consolas", 9)) self.log_text.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True) self.log_text.config(state=tk.DISABLED) # 设置网格权重 tree_frame.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1) tree_frame.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1) # 线程控制 self.processing = False self.queue = queue.Queue() # 启动队列处理 self.root.after(100, self.process_queue) def create_folder_selector(self, parent, label_text): """创建文件夹选择器组件""" frame = ttk.Frame(parent) frame.pack(fill=tk.X, pady=5) ttk.Label(frame, text=label_text).grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=tk.W, padx=5, pady=5) entry = ttk.Entry(frame, width=70) entry.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=5, pady=5) button = ttk.Button(frame, text="浏览文件夹...", command=lambda: self.select_folder(entry)) button.grid(row=0, column=2, padx=5, pady=5) return entry, button def select_folder(self, entry): """选择文件夹""" foldername = filedialog.askdirectory() if foldername: entry.delete(0, tk.END) entry.insert(0, foldername) # 自动填充文件夹结构 self.populate_folder_tree(foldername) def select_file(self, entry, filetypes=None): """选择文件""" if filetypes is None: filetypes = [("所有文件", "*.*")] filename = filedialog.askopenfilename(filetypes=filetypes) if filename: entry.delete(0, tk.END) entry.insert(0, filename) def populate_folder_tree(self, path): """填充文件夹结构树""" self.tree.delete(*self.tree.get_children()) if not os.path.isdir(path): return # 添加根节点 root_node = self.tree.insert("", "end", text=os.path.basename(path), values=("文件夹",), open=True) self.add_tree_nodes(root_node, path) def add_tree_nodes(self, parent, path): """递归添加树节点""" try: for item in os.listdir(path): item_path = os.path.join(path, item) if os.path.isdir(item_path): node = self.tree.insert(parent, "end", text=item, values=("文件夹",)) self.add_tree_nodes(node, item_path) else: self.tree.insert(parent, "end", text=item, values=("文件",)) except PermissionError: self.log_message(f"权限错误: 无法访问 {path}") def log_message(self, message): """记录日志消息""" self.queue.put(("log", message)) def update_progress(self, value): """更新进度条""" self.queue.put(("progress", value)) def update_status(self, message): """更新状态信息""" self.queue.put(("status", message)) def process_queue(self): """处理线程队列中的消息""" try: while not self.queue.empty(): msg_type, data = self.queue.get_nowait() if msg_type == "log": self.log_text.config(state=tk.NORMAL) self.log_text.insert(tk.END, data + "\n") self.log_text.see(tk.END) self.log_text.config(state=tk.DISABLED) elif msg_type == "progress": self.progress['value'] = data elif msg_type == "status": self.status_var.set(data) except queue.Empty: pass self.root.after(100, self.process_queue) def parse_html_diff(self, html_path): """解析HTML差异文件""" self.log_message("正在解析HTML差异文件...") try: with open(html_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f: content = f.read() soup = BeautifulSoup(content, 'html.parser') diff_table = soup.find('table', {'class': 'diff'}) if not diff_table: self.log_message("错误: 未找到差异表格") return None # 提取表格数据 diff_data = [] for row in diff_table.find_all('tr')[1:]: # 跳过表头 cols = row.find_all('td') if len(cols) >= 3: # 修复TypeError: 确保所有值都是字符串 diff_type = str(cols[0].get_text(strip=True)) content_left = str(cols[1].get_text(strip=True)) content_right = str(cols[2].get_text(strip=True)) diff_data.append([diff_type, content_left, content_right]) # 修复TypeError: 使用f-string记录结果 self.log_message(f"成功解析 {len(diff_data)} 行差异数据") return diff_data except Exception as e: # 修复TypeError: 使用f-string记录异常 error_msg = f"解析HTML失败: {str(e)}\n{traceback.format_exc()}" self.log_message(error_msg) return None def write_to_excel(self, excel_path, diff_data): """将差异数据写入Excel""" self.log_message("正在写入Excel文件...") try: # 使用win32com打开Excel excel = win32.gencache.EnsureDispatch('Excel.Application') excel.Visible = True workbook = excel.Workbooks.Open(os.path.abspath(excel_path)) sheet = workbook.Sheets("一覧") # 从第6行开始写入数据 start_row = 6 for i, row_data in enumerate(diff_data): for j, value in enumerate(row_data[:6]): # 确保值是字符串类型 sheet.Cells(start_row + i, j + 1).Value = str(value) # 保存Excel workbook.Save() self.log_message(f"数据已写入Excel第{start_row}行开始") # 触发"作成"按钮 self.log_message("正在触发'作成'按钮...") try: # 查找按钮并点击 button = sheet.Buttons("作成") button.OnAction = "作成按钮的处理" button.Click() self.log_message("已触发'作成'按钮") # 等待处理完成 self.update_status("处理中...请等待") # 简单等待机制 for _ in range(30): # 最多等待30秒 if not self.processing: break if excel.CalculationState == 0: # 0 = xlDone break time.sleep(1) self.log_message("处理中...") self.log_message("处理完成") self.update_status("处理完成") except Exception as e: # 修复TypeError: 使用f-string记录异常 self.log_message(f"按钮操作失败: {str(e)}. 请手动点击'作成'按钮") # 关闭Excel workbook.Close() excel.Quit() return True except Exception as e: # 修复TypeError: 使用f-string记录异常 self.log_message(f"Excel操作失败: {str(e)}\n{traceback.format_exc()}") return False def start_processing(self): """启动处理线程 - 修复无响应问题""" if self.processing: self.log_message("警告: 处理正在进行中") return # 获取路径 old_path = self.old_folder_entry.get() new_path = self.new_folder_entry.get() excel_file = self.excel_file_entry.get() # 详细路径验证 validation_errors = [] if not old_path: validation_errors.append("原始文件夹路径为空") elif not os.path.isdir(old_path): validation_errors.append(f"原始文件夹路径无效: {old_path}") if not new_path: validation_errors.append("新文件夹路径为空") elif not os.path.isdir(new_path): validation_errors.append(f"新文件夹路径无效: {new_path}") if not excel_file: validation_errors.append("Excel文件路径为空") elif not excel_file.lower().endswith(('.xlsx', '.xlsm')): validation_errors.append("Excel文件必须是.xlsx或.xlsm格式") if validation_errors: self.log_message("错误: " + "; ".join(validation_errors)) messagebox.showerror("输入错误", "\n".join(validation_errors)) return # 检查WinMerge安装 winmerge_path = r"E:\App\WinMerge\WinMerge2.16.12.0\WinMergeU.exe" if not os.path.exists(winmerge_path): self.log_message(f"错误: WinMerge未安装在默认位置 {winmerge_path}") messagebox.showwarning("WinMerge未安装", "请确保WinMerge已安装或更新路径配置") return # 禁用执行按钮,启用停止按钮 self.run_button.config(state=tk.DISABLED) self.stop_button.config(state=tk.NORMAL) self.processing = True # 启动处理线程 thread = threading.Thread(target=self.process_folders, args=(old_path, new_path, excel_file)) thread.daemon = True thread.start() self.log_message("处理线程已启动") def process_folders(self, old_path, new_path, excel_file): """处理文件夹比较的线程函数 - 增强异常处理""" output_html = None try: # 步骤1: 生成HTML差异文件 self.update_status("生成HTML差异文件...") self.update_progress(20) # 使用临时文件存储HTML报告 with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".html", delete=False) as temp_file: output_html = temp_file.name if not self.run_winmerge(old_path, new_path, output_html): self.update_status("WinMerge执行失败") return # 步骤2: 将HTML文件与Excel放在同一目录 self.update_status("准备文件...") self.update_progress(40) excel_dir = os.path.dirname(excel_file) if excel_dir: target_html = os.path.join(excel_dir, "diff_report.html") try: shutil.copy(output_html, target_html) self.log_message(f"已将HTML文件复制到: {target_html}") except Exception as e: self.log_message(f"文件复制失败: {str(e)}") return # 步骤3: 解析HTML差异文件 self.update_status("解析差异数据...") self.update_progress(60) diff_data = self.parse_html_diff(output_html) if not diff_data: self.update_status("HTML解析失败") return # 步骤4: 写入Excel并触发按钮 self.update_status("写入Excel并触发处理...") self.update_progress(80) if not self.write_to_excel(excel_file, diff_data): self.update_status("Excel操作失败") return # 完成 self.update_progress(100) self.update_status("处理完成!") self.log_message("文件夹比较流程执行完毕") messagebox.showinfo("完成", "文件夹比较处理成功完成") except Exception as e: error_msg = f"执行过程中发生错误: {str(e)}\n{traceback.format_exc()}" self.log_message(error_msg) self.update_status("执行失败") messagebox.showerror("错误", f"处理失败: {str(e)}") finally: # 重新启用执行按钮 if self.processing: self.stop_processing() # 清理临时文件 if output_html and os.path.exists(output_html): try: os.remove(output_html) except: pass def run_winmerge(self, path1, path2, output_html): """调用WinMerge生成HTML差异文件 - 增强错误处理""" winmerge_path = r"E:\App\WinMerge\WinMerge2.16.12.0\WinMergeU.exe" # 验证WinMerge可执行文件 if not os.path.exists(winmerge_path): self.log_message(f"错误: WinMerge路径不存在 {winmerge_path}") return False winmerge_cmd = [ winmerge_path, '/u', '/dl', 'Base', '/dr', 'Modified', '/or', output_html, path1, path2 ] # 添加递归选项 if self.recursive_var.get(): winmerge_cmd.insert(1, '/r') self.log_message(f"执行WinMerge命令: {' '.join(winmerge_cmd)}") try: result = subprocess.run( winmerge_cmd, capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=120, creationflags=subprocess.CREATE_NO_WINDOW # 避免控制台窗口闪烁 ) if result.returncode == 0: self.log_message(f"HTML差异报告生成完成: {output_html}") return True else: error_msg = f"WinMerge执行失败(退出码{result.returncode}): {result.stderr}" self.log_message(error_msg) return False except subprocess.TimeoutExpired: self.log_message("WinMerge执行超时(120秒),请检查输入文件大小") return False except Exception as e: self.log_message(f"WinMerge执行错误: {str(e)}") return False def write_to_excel(self, excel_path, diff_data): """将差异数据写入Excel - 增强健壮性""" self.log_message("正在写入Excel文件...") excel = None workbook = None try: # 验证Excel文件存在 if not os.path.exists(excel_path): self.log_message(f"错误: Excel文件不存在 {excel_path}") return False # 使用win32com打开Excel excel = win32.gencache.EnsureDispatch('Excel.Application') excel.Visible = True excel.DisplayAlerts = False # 禁用警告提示 # 尝试打开工作簿 try: workbook = excel.Workbooks.Open(os.path.abspath(excel_path)) except Exception as e: self.log_message(f"打开Excel文件失败: {str(e)}") return False # 检查工作表是否存在 sheet_names = [sheet.Name for sheet in workbook.Sheets] if "一覧" not in sheet_names: self.log_message("错误: Excel文件中缺少'一覧'工作表") return False sheet = workbook.Sheets("一覧") # 从第6行开始写入数据 start_row = 6 for i, row_data in enumerate(diff_data): for j, value in enumerate(row_data[:6]): # 确保值是字符串类型 sheet.Cells(start_row + i, j + 1).Value = str(value) # 保存Excel workbook.Save() self.log_message(f"数据已写入Excel第{start_row}行开始") # 触发"作成"按钮 self.log_message("正在触发'作成'按钮...") try: # 查找按钮并点击 button = sheet.Buttons("作成") button.OnAction = "作成按钮的处理" button.Click() self.log_message("已触发'作成'按钮") # 等待处理完成 self.update_status("处理中...请等待") wait_time = 0 max_wait = 60 # 最大等待60秒 while self.processing and wait_time < max_wait: if excel.CalculationState == 0: # 0 = xlDone break time.sleep(1) wait_time += 1 self.log_message(f"处理中...({wait_time}秒)") if wait_time >= max_wait: self.log_message("警告: 处理超时") else: self.log_message("处理完成") return True except Exception as e: self.log_message(f"按钮操作失败: {str(e)}. 请手动点击'作成'按钮") return False except Exception as e: self.log_message(f"Excel操作失败: {str(e)}\n{traceback.format_exc()}") return False finally: # 确保正确关闭Excel try: if workbook: workbook.Close(SaveChanges=False) if excel: excel.Quit() except Exception as e: self.log_message(f"关闭Excel时出错: {str(e)}") def stop_processing(self): """停止处理""" self.processing = False self.stop_button.config(state=tk.DISABLED) self.run_button.config(state=tk.NORMAL) self.update_status("操作已停止") def process_folders(self, old_path, new_path, excel_file): """处理文件夹比较的线程函数""" try: # 步骤1: 生成HTML差异文件 self.update_status("生成HTML差异文件...") self.update_progress(20) # 使用临时文件存储HTML报告 with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".html", delete=False) as temp_file: output_html = temp_file.name if not self.run_winmerge(old_path, new_path, output_html): return # 步骤2: 将HTML文件与Excel放在同一目录 self.update_status("准备文件...") self.update_progress(40) excel_dir = os.path.dirname(excel_file) if excel_dir: target_html = os.path.join(excel_dir, "diff_report.html") shutil.copy(output_html, target_html) self.log_message(f"已将HTML文件复制到: {target_html}") # 步骤3: 解析HTML差异文件 self.update_status("解析差异数据...") self.update_progress(60) diff_data = self.parse_html_diff(output_html) if not diff_data: return # 步骤4: 写入Excel并触发按钮 self.update_status("写入Excel并触发处理...") self.update_progress(80) self.write_to_excel(excel_file, diff_data) # 完成 self.update_progress(100) self.update_status("处理完成!") self.log_message("文件夹比较流程执行完毕") except Exception as e: # 修复TypeError: 使用f-string记录异常 error_msg = f"执行过程中发生错误: {str(e)}\n{traceback.format_exc()}" self.log_message(error_msg) self.update_status("执行失败") finally: # 重新启用执行按钮 if self.processing: self.stop_processing() # 清理临时文件 if os.path.exists(output_html): try: os.remove(output_html) except: pass if __name__ == "__main__": root = tk.Tk() app = DiffProcessorApp(root) root.mainloop() 1、这个代码打卡winmerge之后,生成报告之后,winmerge会弹出来弹窗导致进程卡死,点击弹窗生成报告成功之后,需要再手动关闭winmerge。2、生成报告后会显示正在解析HTML差异文件...错误: 未找到差异表格。请解决上述两个问题
最新发布
07-11
评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值