failed to lazily initialize a collection of role: ......, no session or session was closed

本文详细记录了在使用SSH框架开发图书管理系统时遇到的Hibernate LazyInitializationException异常,并提供了相应的解决方案。

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我在用ssh框架编写图书管理系统的时候遇到了这样的错误

org.hibernate.LazyInitializationException: failed to lazily initialize a collection of role: com.cc.library.domain.Reader.borrowInfos, no session or session was closed
    at org.hibernate.collection.AbstractPersistentCollection.throwLazyInitializationException(AbstractPersistentCollection.java:383)
    at org.hibernate.collection.AbstractPersistentCollection.throwLazyInitializationExceptionIfNotConnected(AbstractPersistentCollection.java:375)
    at org.hibernate.collection.AbstractPersistentCollection.initialize(AbstractPersistentCollection.java:368)
    at org.hibernate.collection.AbstractPersistentCollection.read(AbstractPersistentCollection.java:111)
    at org.hibernate.collection.PersistentSet.toString(PersistentSet.java:332)

    at java.lang.String.valueOf(String.java:2827)
    at java.lang.StringBuilder.append(StringBuilder.java:115)
    at com.cc.library.domain.Reader.toString(Reader.java:157)
    at java.lang.String.valueOf(String.java:2827)
    at java.lang.StringBuilder.append(StringBuilder.java:115)
    at java.util.AbstractCollection.toString(AbstractCollection.java:422)
    at java.lang.String.valueOf(String.java:2827)

    at java.io.PrintStream.println(PrintStream.java:771)
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.log.SystemLogHandler.println(SystemLogHandler.java:269)
    at com.cc.library.dao.impl.ReaderDaoImpl.findReaderByPage(ReaderDaoImpl.java:120)
    at com.cc.library.service.impl.ReaderServiceImpl.findReaderByPage(ReaderServiceImpl.java:43)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)

    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
    at org.springframework.aop.support.AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(AopUtils.java:310)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:182)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:149)
    at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor.invoke(TransactionInterceptor.java:106)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:171)
    at org.springframework.aop.interceptor.ExposeInvocationInterceptor.invoke(ExposeInvocationInterceptor.java:89)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:171)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.JdkDynamicAopProxy.invoke(JdkDynamicAopProxy.java:204)
    at $Proxy15.findReaderByPage(Unknown Source)
    at com.cc.library.action.ReaderManageAction.findReaderByPage(ReaderManageAction.java:142)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invokeAction(DefaultActionInvocation.java:441)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invokeActionOnly(DefaultActionInvocation.java:280)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:243)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.DefaultWorkflowInterceptor.doIntercept(DefaultWorkflowInterceptor.java:165)

    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:87)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.ValidationInterceptor.doIntercept(ValidationInterceptor.java:252)
    at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.validation.AnnotationValidationInterceptor.doIntercept(AnnotationValidationInterceptor.java:68)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:87)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ConversionErrorInterceptor.intercept(ConversionErrorInterceptor.java:122)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)

    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor.doIntercept(ParametersInterceptor.java:195)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:87)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor.doIntercept(ParametersInterceptor.java:195)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:87)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.StaticParametersInterceptor.intercept(StaticParametersInterceptor.java:179)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
    at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.MultiselectInterceptor.intercept(MultiselectInterceptor.java:75)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
    at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CheckboxInterceptor.intercept(CheckboxInterceptor.java:94)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)

    at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.FileUploadInterceptor.intercept(FileUploadInterceptor.java:235)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ModelDrivenInterceptor.intercept(ModelDrivenInterceptor.java:89)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ScopedModelDrivenInterceptor.intercept(ScopedModelDrivenInterceptor.java:130)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
    at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.debugging.DebuggingInterceptor.intercept(DebuggingInterceptor.java:267)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ChainingInterceptor.intercept(ChainingInterceptor.java:126)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.PrepareInterceptor.doIntercept(PrepareInterceptor.java:138)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:87)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)

    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.I18nInterceptor.intercept(I18nInterceptor.java:165)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
    at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletConfigInterceptor.intercept(ServletConfigInterceptor.java:164)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AliasInterceptor.intercept(AliasInterceptor.java:179)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ExceptionMappingInterceptor.intercept(ExceptionMappingInterceptor.java:176)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)

    at org.apache.struts2.impl.StrutsActionProxy.execute(StrutsActionProxy.java:52)
    at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.serviceAction(Dispatcher.java:488)
    at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.ExecuteOperations.executeAction(ExecuteOperations.java:77)
    at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.doFilter(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:91)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:241)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)

    at org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter.doFilterInternal(OpenSessionInViewFilter.java:198)
    at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:76)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:241)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:220)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:122)
    at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:501)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:171)

    at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:103)
    at org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:950)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:116)
    at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:408)
    at org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:1070)
    at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:611)
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AprEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(AprEndpoint.java:2440)
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AprEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(AprEndpoint.java:2429)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.runTask(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:886)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:908)
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:619)

这里写图片描述

经过查阅网上资料:
在WEB级别应用时候,会出现意想不到的lazy错误,解决方法就是 设置 lazy=”false”
这里写图片描述

<think>好的,我需要解决用户提出的Hibernate懒加载初始化集合时出现的“no Session”异常问题。用户遇到了org.hibernate.LazyInitializationException,这通常是因为在Session关闭后尝试访问延迟加载的集合导致的。我应该根据提供的引用资料,整理出可行的解决方案,并按照用户的要求用中文回答,结构清晰,分步骤说明。 首先,看看用户提供的引用内容。引用3提到,当lazy设置为true时,在Session关闭后无法加载关联对象,解决方法包括在Session未关闭前调用Hibernate.initialize()或者访问集合的size()方法。引用4建议在映射文件中设置lazy="false"来关闭延迟加载。引用2提到了其他可能的解决方法,但用户给出的引用中并未详细说明,可能需要结合常见做法补充。 接下来,我需要将这些方法归纳成几个步骤,并详细说明每种方法的适用场景和注意事项。例如,方法一可以是在Session关闭前初始化代理对象,这需要在数据访问层处理。方法二则是调整延迟加载配置,可能影响性能。方法三可能涉及事务管理,确保操作在Session开启状态下进行。另外,可能还需要提到Open Session in View模式,虽然用户提供的引用中没有直接提到,但这是常见的解决方案之一,不过需要谨慎使用,避免事务过长的问题。 还要注意用户提到的代码示例,比如Hibernate.initialize(pojo.getChildren())或调用size()方法。需要解释这些代码的作用和使用方式。同时,设置lazy="false"虽然简单,但可能导致不必要的数据库查询,影响性能,需要权衡利弊。 另外,用户可能需要了解为什么会出现这个异常,所以需要简要解释原因:Hibernate的延迟加载机制在Session关闭后无法继续加载数据,导致异常。这样用户能更好地理解解决方案的逻辑。 最后,确保回答结构清晰,分点说明,每个方法都有步骤和注意事项,可能的问题。同时,生成的相关问题需要与主题相关,帮助用户进一步了解其他可能的问题或优化方法。</think>### Hibernate懒加载异常“could not initialize proxy - no Session”解决方案 当使用Hibernate的延迟加载(Lazy Loading)机制时,如果在Session关闭后尝试访问未初始化的关联对象或集合,会抛出`org.hibernate.LazyInitializationException`。以下是具体解决步骤: --- #### **方法一:在Session关闭前手动初始化代理对象** **步骤:** 1. 在数据访问层(DAO层)的查询方法中,通过`Hibernate.initialize()`显式初始化关联对象或集合。 ```java public Pojo getPojoWithChildren(Long id) { Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession(); Pojo pojo = session.get(Pojo.class, id); Hibernate.initialize(pojo.getChildren()); // 强制初始化集合 return pojo; } ``` 2. 或者在业务逻辑中访问集合的某个方法(如`.size()`),触发初始化: ```java pojo.getChildren().size(); // 调用此方法会触发数据加载 ``` **注意事项** 此操作必须在Session未关闭前执行,通常在事务范围内完成[^3]。 --- #### **方法二:调整延迟加载配置** **步骤:** 1. 在实体映射文件(`.hbm.xml`)中,将关联字段的`lazy`属性设为`false`: ```xml <set name="children" lazy="false"> <!-- 关闭延迟加载 --> <key column="parent_id"/> <one-to-many class="Child"/> </set> ``` - 或使用JPA注解(如`@OneToMany(fetch = FetchType.EAGER)`)。 **注意事项** 关闭延迟加载会导致关联数据立即加载,可能增加数据库查询次数,需权衡性能影响[^4]。 --- #### **方法三:延长Session生命周期(事务边界扩展)** **步骤:** 1. 使用Spring的`@Transactional`注解扩展事务范围,确保在业务操作中Session始终开启: ```java @Transactional // 事务覆盖整个方法,Session在此期间保持开启 public void processPojo(Long id) { Pojo pojo = pojoRepository.findById(id); pojo.getChildren().forEach(child -> {...}); // 安全访问集合 } ``` **注意事项** 需确保事务管理配置正确,避免事务过长导致数据库连接池耗尽。 --- #### **方法四:使用Open Session in View模式(谨慎使用)** **步骤:** 1. 在Web应用中,通过过滤器(如Spring的`OpenSessionInViewFilter`)保持Session开启直到视图渲染完成。 ```xml <!-- web.xml配置 --> <filter> <filter-name>OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class> </filter> ``` **注意事项** 此模式可能掩盖性能问题,且需确保事务与Session边界合理匹配,避免内存泄漏[^3]。 --- ### **根本原因分析** Hibernate的延迟加载依赖`Session`上下文。当Session关闭后,代理对象无法连接数据库加载数据,从而抛出异常。解决方法的核心是**确保数据加载在Session有效期内完成**。 ---
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