5分钟学会！Macbook上运行Mindspore，实现MNIST手写体识别demo

一、新建python环境

查看当前python版本，最好是Python 3.9.x 或 3.10.x

python3 --version # 需输出 Python 3.9.x 或 3.10.x

安装干净的虚拟环境

mkdir MNIST
cd MNIST
python3 -m venv mindspore
source mindspore/bin/activate

二、安装依赖包

1、安装mindspore

pip install mindspore

【上面pip失败，运行下面这个命令】如果拉不下来，尝试添加国内镜像源，用这条命令

pip install mindspore -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

2、若需启用 Metal 加速（可选，有些环境是不支持的，执行不成功没关系）

pip install mindspore-metal -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

3、校验环境版本

python3 -c "import mindspore; print(mindspore.__version__)" 

应输出 2.6.0 或更高，如下图所示：

4、安装另一个依赖包

pip install download

三、下载+训练+保存+预测代码

把下面代码保存成本地文件，比如 mnist_test.py

import mindspore
from mindspore import nn
from mindspore.dataset import vision, transforms
from mindspore.dataset import MnistDataset

# Download data from open datasets
from download import download

url = "https://mindspore-website.obs.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com/" \
      "notebook/datasets/MNIST_Data.zip"
path = download(url, "./", kind="zip", replace=True)

train_dataset = MnistDataset('MNIST_Data/train')
test_dataset = MnistDataset('MNIST_Data/test')
print(train_dataset.get_col_names())

def datapipe(dataset, batch_size):
    image_transforms = [
        vision.Rescale(1.0 / 255.0, 0),
        vision.Normalize(mean=(0.1307,), std=(0.3081,)),
        vision.HWC2CHW()
    ]
    label_transform = transforms.TypeCast(mindspore.int32)

    dataset = dataset.map(image_transforms, 'image')
    dataset = dataset.map(label_transform, 'label')
    dataset = dataset.batch(batch_size)
    return dataset

# Map vision transforms and batch dataset
train_dataset = datapipe(train_dataset, 64)
test_dataset = datapipe(test_dataset, 64)


for image, label in test_dataset.create_tuple_iterator():
    print(f"Shape of image [N, C, H, W]: {image.shape} {image.dtype}")
    print(f"Shape of label: {label.shape} {label.dtype}")
    break

# Define model
class Network(nn.Cell):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.flatten = nn.Flatten()
        self.dense_relu_sequential = nn.SequentialCell(
            nn.Dense(28*28, 512),
            nn.ReLU(),
            nn.Dense(512, 512),
            nn.ReLU(),
            nn.Dense(512, 10)
        )

    def construct(self, x):
        x = self.flatten(x)
        logits = self.dense_relu_sequential(x)
        return logits

model = Network()
print(model)


# Instantiate loss function and optimizer
loss_fn = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
optimizer = nn.SGD(model.trainable_params(), 1e-2)

# 1. Define forward function
def forward_fn(data, label):
    logits = model(data)
    loss = loss_fn(logits, label)
    return loss, logits

# 2. Get gradient function
grad_fn = mindspore.value_and_grad(forward_fn, None, optimizer.parameters, has_aux=True)

# 3. Define function of one-step training
def train_step(data, label):
    (loss, _), grads = grad_fn(data, label)
    optimizer(grads)
    return loss

def train(model, dataset):
    size = dataset.get_dataset_size()
    model.set_train()
    for batch, (data, label) in enumerate(dataset.create_tuple_iterator()):
        loss = train_step(data, label)

        if batch % 100 == 0:
            loss, current = loss.asnumpy(), batch
            print(f"loss: {loss:>7f}  [{current:>3d}/{size:>3d}]")

def test(model, dataset, loss_fn):
    num_batches = dataset.get_dataset_size()
    model.set_train(False)
    total, test_loss, correct = 0, 0, 0
    for data, label in dataset.create_tuple_iterator():
        pred = model(data)
        total += len(data)
        test_loss += loss_fn(pred, label).asnumpy()
        correct += (pred.argmax(1) == label).asnumpy().sum()
    test_loss /= num_batches
    correct /= total
    print(f"Test: \n Accuracy: {(100*correct):>0.1f}%, Avg loss: {test_loss:>8f} \n")

epochs = 3
for t in range(epochs):
    print(f"Epoch {t+1}\n-------------------------------")
    train(model, train_dataset)
    test(model, test_dataset, loss_fn)
print("Done!")

# Save checkpoint
mindspore.save_checkpoint(model, "model.ckpt")
print("Saved Model to model.ckpt")

# Instantiate a random initialized model
model = Network()
# Load checkpoint and load parameter to model
param_dict = mindspore.load_checkpoint("model.ckpt")
param_not_load, _ = mindspore.load_param_into_net(model, param_dict)
print(param_not_load)

model.set_train(False)
for data, label in test_dataset:
    pred = model(data)
    predicted = pred.argmax(1)
    print(f'Predicted: "{predicted[:10]}", Actual: "{label[:10]}"')
    break

运行代码

python3 mnist_test.py

输出结果如下：

OK，恭喜你，已经完成了最简单的Mindspore手写体识别程序。