EditMark: Watermarking Large Language Models based on Model Editing

文章核心总结与翻译

一、主要内容

该研究针对大型语言模型(LLMs)的版权保护问题,提出了一种基于模型编辑的水印框架EditMark,用于解决现有LLM水印方法存在的训练成本高、水印隐蔽性差、模型性能受损等缺陷。

核心背景

LLMs训练需大量数据和计算资源,是重要数字资产,但面临未授权转售、商业化等版权威胁。现有水印方法分为两类:

  1. 生成文本水印:通过控制推理过程嵌入水印,易被白盒场景下的攻击者移除;
  2. 模型级水印:基于后门或知识注入,前者隐蔽性差、水印容量低,后者需微调训练,计算开销大且影响模型性能。

EditMark框架核心设计

EditMark是首个无训练、高隐蔽性、无性能损失的开源LLM水印方案,包含四大组件:

  1. 生成器(Generator):基于伪随机数生成器(PRNG)和预定义模板,生成多答案(MA)问题(如不等式求解问题),确保问题逻辑正确、存在多个合法答案;
  2. 编码器(Encoder):利用字典序排列理论,将水印映射为MA问题的目标答案,实现水印与答案的一一对应;
  3. 编辑器(Editor):改进模型编辑技术,采用自适应多轮稳定编辑策略和噪声矩阵注入,在模型权重中嵌入水印,同时保留原始知识;
  4. 解码器(Decoder):通过相同MA问题查
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B. Palm", title = "Prediction as a candidate for learning deep hierarchical models of data", year = "2012",}```Contact: rasmusbergpalm at gmail dot comDirectories included in the toolbox-----------------------------------`NN/` - A library for Feedforward Backpropagation Neural Networks`CNN/` - A library for Convolutional Neural Networks`DBN/` - A library for Deep Belief Networks`SAE/` - A library for Stacked Auto-Encoders`CAE/` - A library for Convolutional Auto-Encoders`util/` - Utility functions used by the libraries`data/` - Data used by the examples`tests/` - unit tests to verify toolbox is workingFor references on each library check REFS.mdSetup-----1. 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nn.output = 'softmax'; % use softmax outputopts.numepochs = 5; % Number of full sweeps through dataopts.batchsize = 1000; % Take a mean gradient step over this many samplesopts.plot = 1; % enable plottingnn = nntrain(nn, tx, ty, opts, vx, vy); % nntrain takes validation set as last two arguments (optionally)[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.1, 'Too big error');```[![Bitdeli Badge](https://d2weczhvl823v0.cloudfront.net/rasmusbergpalm/deeplearntoolbox/trend.png)](https://bitdeli.com/free "Bitdeli Badge")

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