2025_NIPS_Do Language Models Use Their Depth Efficiently?

论文核心总结与翻译

主要内容

该论文聚焦大语言模型(LLMs)的深度利用效率问题,通过分析Llama 3.1、Qwen 3、OLMo 2等模型的残差流,核心发现:LLMs并未高效利用深度,后半部分网络层未进行高阶特征组合或新计算,仅对当前token的概率分布做微调;模型处理复杂度不同的任务时,计算深度无显著差异;更深模型只是将浅层模型的计算“摊开”到更多层,未新增独特计算逻辑。

创新点

  1. 多维度验证模型深度利用效率:通过残差流范数分析、层跳过干预、Logitlens对比、线性映射训练等多种实验,全面验证模型层贡献差异。
  2. 揭示层功能分化规律:发现模型前半层负责信息整合,后半层仅做概率分布优化,存在明显的功能相位转换。
  3. 否定“深度匹配任务复杂度”假设:通过多跳推理和数学任务实验,证明模型计算深度与任务难度无关。
  4. 提出MoEUT模型优化方向:发现混合专家通用Transformer(MoEUT)能更高效利用网络层,为架构改进提供新思路。

翻译部分(Markdown格式)

Abstract

现代大语言模型(LLMs)的深度不断增加,且深度与性能呈正相关,但收益逐渐递减。然而,这些模型是否高效利用了其深度?它们是通过组合更多特征来实现浅层模型无法完成的高阶计算,还是仅将同类计算分散到更多层中?为解答这些问题,我们分析了Llama 3.1、Qwen 3和OLMo 2系列模型

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