Advancing the Robustness of Large Language Models through Self-Denoised Smoothing

本文是LLM系列文章,针对《Advancing the Robustness of Large Language Models through Self-Denoised Smoothing》的翻译。

通过自消噪平滑提高大型语言模型的鲁棒性

摘要

尽管大型语言模型(LLM)取得了重大成功,但它们容易受到对抗性干扰,包括最近的越狱攻击,这引起了人们的极大关注。然而,这些模型的规模越来越大,而且它们的访问权限有限,这使得提高它们的鲁棒性成为一项具有挑战性的任务。在各种防御策略中,随机平滑显示了LLM的巨大潜力,因为它不需要完全访问模型的参数或通过对抗训练进行微调。然而,随机平滑涉及在模型预测之前向输入添加噪声,最终模型的鲁棒性在很大程度上取决于模型在这些噪声污染数据上的性能。其有效性往往受到模型在噪声数据上的次优性能的限制。为了解决这个问题,我们建议利用LLM的多任务特性,首先对噪声输入进行去噪,然后根据这些去噪版本进行预测。我们称此过程为自降噪平滑。与计算机视觉中以前的去噪平滑技术不同,这些技术需要训练一个单独的模型来增强LLM的鲁棒性,我们的方法提供了明显更好的效率和灵活性。我们的实验结果表明,我们的方法在防御下游任务和人类联盟的对抗性攻击(即越狱攻击)方面,在经验和认证的鲁棒性方面都优于现有方法。我们的代码可在以下网址公开获取

### Linear Complexity Self-Attention Implementation and Optimization Self-attention mechanisms have been pivotal in advancing the capabilities of deep learning models, especially within natural language processing tasks. Traditional self-attention has a quadratic time complexity relative to input length due to its computation involving all pairs of positions in an input sequence[^1]. However, linear complexity self-attention aims at reducing this computational burden. #### Efficient Implementations One approach towards achieving linear complexity involves approximating or restructuring how attentions scores are computed between tokens. For instance, instead of computing full pairwise interactions, one could use locality-sensitive hashing (LSH), which groups similar items into buckets without explicitly comparing every item against each other. This method significantly reduces the number of required comparisons while maintaining performance quality[^3]. Another technique utilizes random projections where high-dimensional vectors representing token embeddings get projected onto lower dimensions through structured matrices like Fastfood transforms. Such transformations preserve distances well enough so that subsequent operations remain effective yet require fewer resources than standard methods do[^4]. ```python import torch from performer_pytorch import PerformerLM model = PerformerLM( num_tokens=20000, dim=512, depth=6, heads=8, causal=True, feature_redraw_interval=1000, generalized_attention=True, kernel_fn='relu' ) text = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog" tokens = tokenizer.encode(text).ids # assuming you've defined `tokenizer` elsewhere input_tensor = torch.tensor([tokens]) output = model(input_tensor) print(output.shape) # should output something like torch.Size([1, seq_len, vocab_size]) ``` This code snippet demonstrates implementing efficient self-attention via the Performer architecture from PyTorch library, leveraging fast Fourier transform-based kernels for reduced complexity computations during training phases. #### Optimizations Techniques Optimizing these implementations often revolves around exploiting hardware acceleration features such as GPU tensor cores optimized specifically for matrix multiplications involved in attention calculations. Additionally, mixed precision arithmetic can further enhance speed by performing some parts of forward/backward passes using half-precision floating-point numbers when possible without sacrificing much accuracy. Memory efficiency gains come not only from algorithmic improvements but also architectural choices like chunked processing schemes dividing long sequences into smaller manageable chunks processed independently before being recombined later on. These strategies help mitigate memory overhead associated with large-scale transformer architectures operating under constrained environments[^2]. --related questions-- 1. How does Locality-Sensitive Hashing contribute to making self-attention computationally feasible? 2. What role do random projections play in optimizing self-attention algorithms? 3. Can you explain how specific hardware optimizations impact the performance of linear-complexity self-attention models? 4. In what ways might chunked processing improve both runtime and resource utilization compared to traditional approaches?
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