最近开发一款软件需要用到获取系统文件的图标,在网上找了一下发现有以下方式获取:
1、调用API的方式获取
- public class SystemIcon
- {
- /// <summary>
- /// 引用shell32文件的SHGetFileInfo API方法
- /// </summary>
- /// <param name="pszPath">指定的文件名,如果为""则返回文件夹的</param>
- /// <param name="dwFileAttributes">文件属性</param>
- /// <param name="sfi">返回获得的文件信息,是一个记录类型</param>
- /// <param name="cbFileInfo">文件的类型名</param>
- /// <param name="uFlags">文件信息标识</param>
- /// <returns>-1失败</returns>
- [DllImport("shell32", EntryPoint = "SHGetFileInfo", ExactSpelling = false, CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
- private static extern IntPtr SHGetFileInfo(string pszPath, FileAttribute dwFileAttributes, ref SHFileInfo sfi, uint cbFileInfo, SHFileInfoFlags uFlags);
- /// <summary>
- /// 返回系统设置的图标
- /// </summary>
- /// <param name="lpszFile">文件名,指定从exe文件或dll文件引入icon</param>
- /// <param name="nIconIndex">文件的图表中的第几个,指定icon的索引如果为0则从指定的文件中引入第1个icon</param>
- /// <param name="phiconLarge">返回的大图标的指针,大图标句柄如果为null则为没有大图标</param>
- /// <param name="phiconSmall">返回的小图标的指针,小图标句柄如果为null则为没有小图标</param>
- /// <param name="nIcons">ico个数,找几个图标</param>
- /// <returns></returns
- [DllImport("shell32.dll")]
- public static extern uint ExtractIconEx(string lpszFile, int nIconIndex, int[] phiconLarge, int[] phiconSmall, uint nIcons);
- [DllImport("User32.dll", EntryPoint = "DestroyIcon")]
- public static extern int DestroyIcon(IntPtr hIcon);
- /// <summary>
- /// 文件信息标识枚举类,所有枚举定义值前省略SHGFI投标,比如Icon 完整名称应为SHGFI_ICON
- /// </summary>
- [Flags]
- private enum SHFileInfoFlags : uint
- {
- /// <summary>
- /// 允许有叠加图案的文件图标,该标识必须和Icon同时使用
- /// </summary>
- AddOveylays = 0x20, // SHGFI_AddOverlays = 0x000000020
- /// <summary>
- /// 只获取由参数FileAttribute指定的文件信息,并将其写入SHFileInfo结构的dwAttributes属性,如果不指定该标识,将同时获取所有文件信息。该标志不能和Icon标识同时使用
- /// </summary>
- Attr_Specified = 0x20000, // SHGFI_SpecifiedAttributes = 0x000020000
- /// <summary>
- /// 将获取的文件属性复制到SHFileInfo结构的dwAttributes属性中
- /// </summary>
- Attributes = 0x800, // SHGFI_Attributes = 0x000000800
- /// <summary>
- /// 获取文件的显示名称(长文件名称),将其复制到SHFileInfo结构的dwAttributes属性中
- /// </summary>
- DisplayName = 0x200, // SHGFI_DisplayName = 0x000000200
- /// <summary>
- /// 如果文件是可执行文件,将检索其信息,并将信息作为返回值返回
- /// </summary>
- ExeType = 0x2000, // SHGFI_EXEType = 0x000002000
- /// <summary>
- /// 获得图标和索引,将图标句柄返回到SHFileInfo结构的hIcon属性中,索引返回到iIcon属性中
- /// </summary>
- Icon = 0x100, // SHGFI_Icon = 0x000000100
- /// <summary>
- /// 检索包含图标的文件,并将文件名,图标句柄,图标索引号,放回到SHFileInfo结构中
- /// </summary>
- IconLocation = 0x1000, // SHGFI_IconLocation = 0x000001000
- /// <summary>
- /// 获得大图标,该标识必须和Icon标识同时使用
- /// </summary>
- LargeIcon = 0x0, // SHGFI_LargeIcon = 0x000000000
- /// <summary>
- /// 获取链接覆盖文件图标,该标识必须和Icon标识同时使用。
- /// </summary>
- LinkOverlay = 0x8000, // SHGFI_LinkOverlay = 0x000008000
- /// <summary>
- /// 获取文件打开时的图标,该标识必须和Icon或SysIconIndex同时使用
- /// </summary>
- OpenIcon = 0x2, // SHGFI_OpenIcon = 0x000000002
- /// <summary>
- /// 获取链接覆盖文件图标索引,该标识必须和Icon标识同时使用。
- /// </summary>
- OverlayIndex = 0x40, // SHGFI_OverlayIndex = 0x000000040
- /// <summary>
- /// 指示传入的路径是一个ITEMIDLIST结构的文件地址而不是一个路径名。
- /// </summary>
- Pidl = 0x8, // SHGFI_PIDL = 0x000000008
- /// <summary>
- /// 获取系统的高亮显示图标,该标识必须和Icon标识同时使用。
- /// </summary>
- Selected = 0x10000, // SHGFI_SelectedState = 0x000010000
- /// <summary>
- /// 获取 Shell-sized icon ,该标志必须和Icon标识同时使用。
- /// </summary>
- ShellIconSize = 0x4, // SHGFI_ShellIconSize = 0x000000004
- /// <summary>
- /// 获得小图标,该标识必须和Icon或SysIconIndex同时使用。
- /// </summary>
- SmallIcon = 0x1, // SHGFI_SmallIcon = 0x000000001
- /// <summary>
- /// 获取系统图像列表图标索引,返回系统图像列表句柄
- /// </summary>
- SysIconIndex = 0x4000, // SHGFI_SysIconIndex = 0x000004000
- /// <summary>
- /// 获得文件类型,类型字符串被写入SHFileInfo结构的szTypeName属性中
- /// </summary>
- TypeName = 0x400, // SHGFI_TypeName = 0x000000400
- /// <summary>
- /// 指示如果由pszPath指定的路径不存在,SHGetFileInfo方法变不会试图去操作文件。指示返回与文件类型相关的信息。该标识不能和Attributes、ExeType和Pidl同时使用
- /// </summary>
- UseFileAttributes = 0x10 // SHGFI_UserFileAttributes = 0x000000010,
- }
- /// <summary>
- /// 文件属性枚举
- /// </summary>
- [Flags]
- private enum FileAttribute
- {
- ReadOnly = 0x00000001,
- Hidden = 0x00000002,
- System = 0x00000004,
- Directory = 0x00000010, //路径信息
- Archive = 0x00000020,
- Device = 0x00000040,
- Normal = 0x00000080, //普通文件信息
- Temporary = 0x00000100,
- Sparse_File = 0x00000200,
- Reparse_Point = 0x00000400,
- Compressed = 0x00000800,
- Offline = 0x00001000,
- Not_Content_Indexed = 0x00002000,
- Encrypted = 0x00004000
- }
- /// <summary>
- /// 定义返回的文件信息结构
- /// </summary>
- [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
- private struct SHFileInfo
- {
- /// <summary>
- /// 文件的图标句柄
- /// </summary>
- public IntPtr hIcon;
- /// <summary>
- /// 图标的系统索引号
- /// </summary>
- public IntPtr iIcon;
- /// <summary>
- /// 文件的属性值,由FileAttribute指定的属性。
- /// </summary>
- public uint dwAttributes;
- /// <summary>
- /// 文件的显示名,如果是64位系统,您可能需要制定SizeConst=258而非260才能够显示完整的 TypeName
- /// </summary>
- [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 260)]
- public string szDisplayName;
- /// <summary>
- /// 文件的类型名
- /// </summary>
- [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 80)]
- public string szTypeName;
- }
- /// <summary>
- /// 当读取文件图标失败的默认图标索引号
- /// </summary>
- public static readonly long ErrorFileIndex = -2;
- /// <summary>
- /// 当读取文件夹图标失败的默认图标索引号
- /// </summary>
- public static readonly long ErrorFolderIndex = -4;
- /// <summary>
- /// 当读取磁盘驱动器图标失败的默认图标索引号
- /// </summary>
- public static readonly long ErrorDriverIndex = -8;
- /// <summary>
- /// 当读取可执行文件图标失败的默认图标索引号
- /// </summary>
- public static readonly long ErrorApplicationIndex = -16;
- /// <summary>
- /// 获取文件类型的关联图标
- /// </summary>
- /// <param name="fileName">文件类型的扩展名或文件的绝对路径</param>
- /// <param name="isSmallIcon">是否返回小图标</param>
- /// <returns>返回一个Icon类型的文件图标对象</returns>
- public static Icon GetFileIcon(string fileName, bool isSmallIcon)
- {
- long imageIndex;
- return GetFileIcon(fileName, isSmallIcon, out imageIndex);
- }
- /// <summary>
- /// 获取系统文件图标
- /// </summary>
- /// <param name="fileName">文件类型的扩展名或文件的绝对路径,如果是一个exe可执行文件,请提供完整的文件名(包含路径信息)</param>
- /// <param name="isSmallIcon">是否返回小图标</param>
- /// <param name="imageIndex">输出与返回图标对应的系统图标索引号</param>
- /// <returns>返回一个Icon类型的文件图标对象</returns>
- public static Icon GetFileIcon(string fileName, bool isSmallIcon,out long imageIndex)
- {
- imageIndex = ErrorFileIndex;
- if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(fileName))
- return null;
- SHFileInfo shfi = new SHFileInfo();
- SHFileInfoFlags uFlags = SHFileInfoFlags.Icon | SHFileInfoFlags.ShellIconSize;
- if (isSmallIcon)
- uFlags |= SHFileInfoFlags.SmallIcon;
- else
- uFlags |= SHFileInfoFlags.LargeIcon;
- FileInfo fi = new FileInfo(fileName);
- if (fi.Name.ToUpper().EndsWith(".EXE"))
- uFlags |= SHFileInfoFlags.ExeType;
- else
- uFlags |= SHFileInfoFlags.UseFileAttributes;
- int iTotal = (int)SHGetFileInfo(fileName, FileAttribute.Normal, ref shfi, (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(shfi), uFlags);
- //或int iTotal = (int)SHGetFileInfo(fileName, 0, ref shfi, (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(shfi), uFlags);
- Icon icon = null;
- if (iTotal > 0)
- {
- icon = Icon.FromHandle(shfi.hIcon).Clone() as Icon;
- imageIndex = shfi.iIcon.ToInt64();
- }
- DestroyIcon(shfi.hIcon); //释放资源
- return icon;
- }
- /// <summary>
- /// 获取系统文件夹默认图标
- /// </summary>
- /// <param name="isSmallIcon">是否返回小图标</param>
- /// <returns>返回一个Icon类型的文件夹图标对象</returns>
- public static Icon GetFolderIcon(bool isSmallIcon)
- {
- long imageIndex;
- return GetFolderIcon(isSmallIcon, out imageIndex);
- }
- /// <summary>
- /// 获取系统文件夹默认图标
- /// </summary>
- /// <param name="isSmallIcon">是否返回小图标</param>
- /// <param name="imageIndex">输出与返回图标对应的系统图标索引号</param>
- /// <returns>返回一个Icon类型的文件夹图标对象</returns>
- public static Icon GetFolderIcon(bool isSmallIcon,out long imageIndex)
- {
- return GetFolderIcon(Environment.SystemDirectory, isSmallIcon, out imageIndex);
- }
- /// <summary>
- /// 获取系统文件夹默认图标
- /// </summary>
- /// <param name="folderName">文件夹名称,如果想获取自定义文件夹图标,请指定完整的文件夹名称(如 F:\test)</param>
- /// <param name="isSmallIcon">是否返回小图标</param>
- /// <param name="imageIndex">输出与返回图标对应的系统图标索引号</param>
- /// <returns>返回一个Icon类型的文件夹图标对象</returns>
- public static Icon GetFolderIcon(string folderName,bool isSmallIcon, out long imageIndex)
- {
- imageIndex = ErrorFolderIndex;
- if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(folderName))
- return null;
- SHFileInfo shfi = new SHFileInfo();
- SHFileInfoFlags uFlags = SHFileInfoFlags.Icon | SHFileInfoFlags.ShellIconSize | SHFileInfoFlags.UseFileAttributes;
- if (isSmallIcon)
- uFlags |= SHFileInfoFlags.SmallIcon;
- else
- uFlags |= SHFileInfoFlags.LargeIcon;
- int iTotal = (int)SHGetFileInfo(folderName, FileAttribute.Directory, ref shfi, (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(shfi), uFlags);
- //或int iTotal = (int)SHGetFileInfo("", 0, ref shfi, (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(shfi), SHFileInfoFlags.Icon | SHFileInfoFlags.SmallIcon);
- Icon icon = null;
- if (iTotal > 0)
- {
- icon = Icon.FromHandle(shfi.hIcon).Clone() as Icon;
- imageIndex = shfi.iIcon.ToInt64();
- }
- DestroyIcon(shfi.hIcon); //释放资源
- return icon;
- }
- /// <summary>
- /// 获取磁盘驱动器图标
- /// </summary>
- /// <param name="driverMark">有效的磁盘标号,如C、D、I等等,不区分大小写</param>
- /// <param name="isSmallIcon">标识是获取小图标还是获取大图标</param>
- /// <param name="imageIndex">输出与返回图标对应的系统图标索引号</param>
- /// <returns>返回一个Icon类型的磁盘驱动器图标对象</returns>
- public static Icon GetDriverIcon(char driverMark, bool isSmallIcon)
- {
- long imageIndex;
- return GetDriverIcon(driverMark,isSmallIcon,out imageIndex);
- }
- /// <summary>
- /// 获取磁盘驱动器图标
- /// </summary>
- /// <param name="driverMark">有效的磁盘标号,如C、D、I等等,不区分大小写</param>
- /// <param name="isSmallIcon">标识是获取小图标还是获取大图标</param>
- /// <param name="imageIndex">输出与返回图标对应的系统图标索引号</param>
- /// <returns>返回一个Icon类型的磁盘驱动器图标对象</returns>
- public static Icon GetDriverIcon(char driverMark, bool isSmallIcon, out long imageIndex)
- {
- imageIndex = ErrorDriverIndex;
- //非有效盘符,返回封装的磁盘图标
- if (driverMark < 'a' && driverMark > 'z' && driverMark < 'A' && driverMark > 'Z')
- {
- return null;
- }
- string driverName = driverMark.ToString().ToUpper() + ":\\";
- SHFileInfo shfi = new SHFileInfo();
- SHFileInfoFlags uFlags = SHFileInfoFlags.Icon | SHFileInfoFlags.ShellIconSize | SHFileInfoFlags.UseFileAttributes;
- if (isSmallIcon)
- uFlags |= SHFileInfoFlags.SmallIcon;
- else
- uFlags |= SHFileInfoFlags.LargeIcon;
- int iTotal = (int)SHGetFileInfo(driverName, FileAttribute.Normal, ref shfi, (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(shfi), uFlags);
- //int iTotal = (int)SHGetFileInfo(driverName, 0, ref shfi, (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(shfi), uFlags);
- Icon icon = null;
- if (iTotal > 0)
- {
- icon = Icon.FromHandle(shfi.hIcon).Clone() as Icon;
- imageIndex = shfi.iIcon.ToInt64();
- }
- DestroyIcon(shfi.hIcon); //释放资源
- return icon;
- }
- }
2、调用System.Drawing.Icon类的ExtractAssociatedIcon(string filePath)方法:返回指定文件中包含的图像的图标表示形式
这种方式其实也是封装了对系统的API调用,跟第一种方式差不多,不过这种方式只能获取到文件的图标,不能够获取到文件夹的图标,这个有点遗憾!
- /// <summary>
- /// 获取文件图标
- /// </summary>
- /// <param name="filePath">文件路径以及名称(文件全路径)</param>
- /// <returns>返回一个Icon类型的文件图标对象</returns>
- public static Icon GetFileExtractAssociatedIcon(string filePath)
- {
- Icon icon = Icon.ExtractAssociatedIcon(filePath);
- return icon;
- }
3、使用注册表调用API方式
- /// <summary>
- /// 给出文件扩展名(.*),返回相应图标;若不以"."开头则返回文件夹的图标。
- /// </summary>
- /// <param name="fileType">文件扩展名</param>
- /// <param name="isLarge">是否返回大图标</param>
- /// <returns>返回一个Icon类型的图标对象</returns>
- public static Icon GetIconByFileType(string fileType, bool isLarge)
- {
- if (fileType == null || fileType.Equals(string.Empty))
- return null;
- RegistryKey regVersion = null;
- string regFileType = null;
- string regIconString = null;
- string systemDirectory = Environment.SystemDirectory + "\\";
- if (fileType[0] == '.')
- {
- //读系统注册表中文件类型信息
- regVersion = Registry.ClassesRoot.OpenSubKey(fileType, true);
- if (regVersion != null)
- {
- regFileType = regVersion.GetValue("") as string;
- regVersion.Close();
- regVersion = Registry.ClassesRoot.OpenSubKey(regFileType + @"\DefaultIcon", true);
- if (regVersion != null)
- {
- regIconString = regVersion.GetValue("") as string;
- regVersion.Close();
- }
- }
- if (regIconString == null)
- {
- //没有读取到文件类型注册信息,指定为未知文件类型的图标
- regIconString = systemDirectory + "shell32.dll,0";
- }
- }
- else
- {
- //直接指定为文件夹图标
- regIconString = systemDirectory + "shell32.dll,3";
- }
- string[] fileIcon = regIconString.Split(new char[] { ',' });
- if (fileIcon.Length != 2)
- {
- //系统注册表中注册的标图不能直接提取,则返回可执行文件的通用图标
- fileIcon = new string[] { systemDirectory + "shell32.dll", "2" };
- }
- Icon resultIcon = null;
- try
- {
- //调用API方法读取图标
- int[] phiconLarge = new int[1];
- int[] phiconSmall = new int[1];
- uint count = ExtractIconEx(fileIcon[0], Int32.Parse(fileIcon[1]), phiconLarge, phiconSmall, 1);
- IntPtr IconHnd = new IntPtr(isLarge ? phiconLarge[0] : phiconSmall[0]);
- resultIcon = Icon.FromHandle(IconHnd);
- }
- catch
- {
- fileIcon = new string[] { systemDirectory + "shell32.dll", "2" };
- //调用API方法读取图标
- int[] phiconLarge = new int[1];
- int[] phiconSmall = new int[1];
- uint count = ExtractIconEx(fileIcon[0], Int32.Parse(fileIcon[1]), phiconLarge, phiconSmall, 1);
- IntPtr IconHnd = new IntPtr(isLarge ? phiconLarge[0] : phiconSmall[0]);
- resultIcon = Icon.FromHandle(IconHnd);
- }
- return resultIcon;
- }
另外还可以使用第一种方式API的SHGetFileInfo方法获取文件类型描述
- /// <summary>
- /// 获取指定文件的类型描述
- /// </summary>
- /// <param name="fileName">文件名</param>
- /// <returns>返回文件所属类型的类型描述</returns>
- public static string GetTypeName(string fileName)
- {
- string typeName = GetTypeName(fileName, FileAttribute.Normal, SHFileInfoFlags.UseFileAttributes | SHFileInfoFlags.TypeName | SHFileInfoFlags.DisplayName);
- if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(typeName))
- return "";
- else
- return typeName.Trim();
- }
- /// <summary>
- /// 获取文件类型
- /// </summary>
- /// <param name="path">文件名</param>
- /// <param name="dwAttr">文件信息</param>
- /// <param name="dwFlag">信息控制字</param>
- /// <returns></returns>
- private static string GetTypeName(string path, FileAttribute dwAttr, SHFileInfoFlags dwFlag)
- {
- try
- {
- SHFileInfo fi = new SHFileInfo();
- int iTotal = (int)SHGetFileInfo(path, dwAttr, ref fi, 0, dwFlag);
- if (iTotal > 0)
- {
- return fi.szTypeName;
- }
- else
- {
- return "";
- }
- }
- catch
- {
- return "";
- }
- }
另一种方式是使用注册表方式获取文件类型描述
- /// <summary>
- /// 获取文件扩展名说明
- /// </summary>
- /// <param name="ext"></param>
- /// <returns></returns>
- public static string GetFileTypeDescription(string ext)
- {
- RegistryKey rKey = null;
- RegistryKey sKey = null;
- string FileType = "";
- try
- {
- rKey = Registry.ClassesRoot;
- sKey = rKey.OpenSubKey(ext);
- if (sKey != null && (string)sKey.GetValue("", ext) != ext)
- {
- sKey = rKey.OpenSubKey((string)sKey.GetValue("", ext));
- FileType = (string)sKey.GetValue("");
- }
- else
- {
- FileType = ext.Substring(ext.LastIndexOf('.') + 1).ToUpper() + " File";
- }
- return FileType;
- }
- finally
- {
- if (sKey != null)
- sKey.Close();
- if (rKey != null)
- rKey.Close();
- }
- }