基于Rust的多线程 Web 服务器

构建多线程 Web 服务器

• 在 socket 上监听 TCP 连接
• 解析少量的 HTTP 请求
• 创建一个合适的 HTTP 响应
• 使用线程池改进服务器的吞吐量
• 优雅的停机和清理
• 注意：并不是最佳实践

创建项目

~/rust
➜ cargo new hello
     Created binary (application) `hello` package

~/rust
➜

main.rs 文件

use std::net::TcpListener;

fn main() {
    let listener = TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:7878").unwrap();
    for stream in listener.incoming() {
        let stream = stream.unwrap();

        println!("Connection established!");
    }
}

修改一：

use std::io::prelude::*;
use std::net::TcpListener;
use std::net::TcpStream;

fn main() {
    let listener = TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:7878").unwrap();
    for stream in listener.incoming() {
        let stream = stream.unwrap();

        handle_connection(stream);
    }
}

fn handle_connection(mut stream: TcpStream) {
    let mut buffer = [0; 512];

    stream.read(&mut buffer).unwrap();

    println!("Request: {}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&buffer[..]));
}

修改二：

use std::io::prelude::*;
use std::net::TcpListener;
use std::net::TcpStream;

fn main() {
    let listener = TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:7878").unwrap();
    for stream in listener.incoming() {
        let stream = stream.unwrap();

        handle_connection(stream);
    }
}

fn handle_connection(mut stream: TcpStream) {
    let mut buffer = [0; 512];

    stream.read(&mut buffer).unwrap();

    // 请求
    // Method Request-URI HTTP-Version CRLF
    // headers CRLF
    // message-body

    // 响应
    // HTTP-Version Status-Code Reason-Phrase CRLF
    // headers CRLF
    // message-body

    let response = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n";

    stream.write(response.as_bytes()).unwrap();
    stream.flush().unwrap();

    println!("Request: {}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&buffer[..]));
}

修改三：

use std::fs;
use std::io::prelude::*;
use std::net::TcpListener;
use std::net::TcpStream;

fn main() {
    let listener = TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:7878").unwrap();
    for stream in listener.incoming() {
        let stream = stream.unwrap();

        handle_connection(stream);
    }
}

fn handle_connection(mut stream: TcpStream) {
    let mut buffer = [0; 512];

    stream.read(&mut buffer).unwrap();

    // 请求
    // Method Request-URI HTTP-Version CRLF
    // headers CRLF
    // message-body

    // 响应
    // HTTP-Version Status-Code Reason-Phrase CRLF
    // headers CRLF
    // message-body

    let contents = fs::read_to_string("hello.html").unwrap();
    let response = format!("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n{}", contents);

    stream.write(response.as_bytes()).unwrap();
    stream.flush().unwrap();
}

修改四：

use std::fs;
use std::io::prelude::*;
use std::net::TcpListener;
use std::net::TcpStream;

fn main() {
    let listener = TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:7878").unwrap();
    for stream in listener.incoming() {
        let stream = stream.unwrap();

        handle_connection(stream);
    }
}

fn handle_connection(mut stream: TcpStream) {
    let mut buffer = [0; 512];

    stream.read(&mut buffer).unwrap();

    let get = b"GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n";

    if buffer.starts_with(get) {
        let contents = fs::read_to_string("hello.html").unwrap();
        let response = format!("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n{}", contents);

        stream.write(response.as_bytes()).unwrap();
        stream.flush().unwrap();
    } else {
        let status_line = "HTTP/1.1 404 NOT FOUND\r\n\r\n";
        let contents = fs::read_to_string("404.html").unwrap();

        let response = format!("{}{}", status_line, contents);

        stream.write(response.as_bytes()).unwrap();
        stream.flush().unwrap();
    }
}

修改五：

use std::fs;
use std::io::prelude::*;
use std::net::TcpListener;
use std::net::TcpStream;

fn main() {
    let listener = TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:7878").unwrap();
    for stream in listener.incoming() {
        let stream = stream.unwrap();

        handle_connection(stream);
    }
}

fn handle_connection(mut stream: TcpStream) {
    let mut buffer = [0; 512];

    stream.read(&mut buffer).unwrap();

    let get = b"GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n";

    let (status_line, filename) = if buffer.starts_with(get) {
        ("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n", "hello.html")
    } else {
        ("HTTP/1.1 404 NOT FOUND\r\n\r\n", "404.html")
    };

    let contents = fs::read_to_string(filename).unwrap();

    let response = format!("{}{}", status_line, contents);

    stream.write(response.as_bytes()).unwrap();
    stream.flush().unwrap();
}

hello.html 文件

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="utf-8">