十二、享元模式
享元模式(Flyweight Pattern)以较少对象的创建,来较少内存占用提高效率。它通过尝试重用现有的同类对象来实现共享已有对象。
简介
享元模式主要用于有大量对象时,避免造成内存溢出,然后将类对象共有部分抽象出来,较少对象的创建。
每个对象在内存中有唯一标识码,使用HashMap来存储对象。
- 优点:减少对象创建,提高系统内存空间和效率。
- 缺点:提高了系统的复杂度,需要分理处内部状态和外部状态。
实现
创建一个Shape接口和它的实现类Circle。定义一个工厂类Shape Factory。
在ShapeFactory中有一个Circle的HashMap,不同的Circle对象通过键值对类存储到HashMap中。
在使用时候,来调用,这有点类似Android中对ImageDrawable的加载缓存技术。
- 创建接口
Shape.java
public interface Shape {
void draw();
}
- 接口实现类
Circle.java
public class Circle implements Shape {
private String color;//颜色
private int x;
private int y;
private int radius;//圆的坐标x,y和半径r
public Circle(String color){
this.color = color;
}
public void setX(int x){
this.x = x;
}
public void setY(int y){
this.y = y;
}
public void setRadius(int radius){
this.radius = radius;
}
@override
public void draw(){
System.out.println("Circle: Draw() [Color : "+color + ",x : "+x + ",y : "+y+",radius : "+radius);
}
}
- 创建工厂类
ShapeFactory.java
用于生成不同颜色的circle对象。
import java.util.HashMap;
public class ShapeFactory {
private static final HashMap<String,Shape> circleMap = new HashMap();
public static Shape getCircle(String color){
Circle circle = (Circle)circleMap.get(color);
if (circle ==null){
circle = new Circle(color);
circleMap.put(color,circle);
System.out.println("Create circle of color: "+ color);
}
return circle;
}
}
- 演示
FlyweightPatternDemo.java
public class FlyweightPatternDemo {
private static final String colors[] = {"Red","Green","Blue","White","Black"};
public static void main(String[] args){
for(int i=0;i<20;++i){
Circle circle = (Circle)ShapeFactory.getCircle(getRandomColor());
cirlce.setX(getRandomX());
circle.setY(getRandomY());
circle.setRadius(100);
circle.draw();
}
}
private static String getRandomColor(){
return colors[(int)(Math.random()*colors.length)];
}
private static int getRandomX(){
return (int)(Math.random()*100);
}
private static int getRandomY(){
return (int)(Math.random()*100);
}
}
- 输出
Creating circle of color : Black
Circle: Draw() [Color : Black, x : 36, y :71, radius :100
Creating circle of color : Green
Circle: Draw() [Color : Green, x : 27, y :27, radius :100
Creating circle of color : White
Circle: Draw() [Color : White, x : 64, y :10, radius :100
Creating circle of color : Red
Circle: Draw() [Color : Red, x : 15, y :44, radius :100
Circle: Draw() [Color : Green, x : 19, y :10, radius :100
Circle: Draw() [Color : Green, x : 94, y :32, radius :100
Circle: Draw() [Color : White, x : 69, y :98, radius :100
Creating circle of color : Blue
Circle: Draw() [Color : Blue, x : 13, y :4, radius :100
Circle: Draw() [Color : Green, x : 21, y :21, radius :100
Circle: Draw() [Color : Blue, x : 55, y :86, radius :100
Circle: Draw() [Color : White, x : 90, y :70, radius :100
Circle: Draw() [Color : Green, x : 78, y :3, radius :100
Circle: Draw() [Color : Green, x : 64, y :89, radius :100
Circle: Draw() [Color : Blue, x : 3, y :91, radius :100
Circle: Draw() [Color : Blue, x : 62, y :82, radius :100
Circle: Draw() [Color : Green, x : 97, y :61, radius :100
Circle: Draw() [Color : Green, x : 86, y :12, radius :100
Circle: Draw() [Color : Green, x : 38, y :93, radius :100
Circle: Draw() [Color : Red, x : 76, y :82, radius :100
Circle: Draw() [Color : Blue, x : 95, y :82, radius :100