Android BLE蓝牙开发指南-优快云博客

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/beyond__lgl/article/details/51255249

注意：Android 4.3才开始支持BLE API，所以保证在蓝牙4.0在Android 4.3及其以上的系统使用。

首先要确定他所需要的权限，2个权限如下：

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />

BLE分为三部分Service、Characteristic、Descriptor，这三部分都由UUID作为唯一标示符。
一个蓝牙4.0的终端可以包含多个Service，一个Service可以包含多个Characteristic，一个Characteristic包含一个Value和多个Descriptor，一个Descriptor包含一个Value。

判断手机是否支持蓝牙4.0。

// 检查当前手机是否支持ble 蓝牙,如果不支持退出程序
    if(!getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_BLUETOOTH_LE)) {
    Toast.makeText(this, R.string.ble_not_supported, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    finish();
}

初始化 Bluetooth adapter, 通过蓝牙管理器得到一个参考蓝牙适配器(API必须在以上android4.3或以上和版本)

// 初始化 Bluetooth adapter, 通过蓝牙管理器得到一个参考蓝牙适配器(API必须在以上android4.3或以上和版本)
        final BluetoothManager bluetoothManager = (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);
        mBluetoothAdapter = bluetoothManager.getAdapter();

搜索蓝牙设备

//开始搜索
mBluetoothAdapter.startLeScan(mLeScanCallback);
//停止搜索
mBluetoothAdapter.stopLeScan(mLeScanCallback);

搜索蓝牙的回调方法：

private BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback mLeScanCallback = new BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback() {
        @Override
        public void onLeScan(final BluetoothDevice device, int rssi, byte[] scanRecord) {
            // 获取信号强度rssi
            myRssi = rssi;
            runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    // 可以获取搜索到的蓝牙的一些信息 ，包括名称，mark地址等等  
                    mLeDeviceListAdapter.addDevice(device);
                    mLeDeviceListAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
                }
            });
        }
    };

蓝牙连接

/** 返回周边蓝牙的状态 */
    private final BluetoothGattCallback mGattCallback = new BluetoothGattCallback() {
        @Override
        public void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status, int newState) {
            String intentAction;
            // 收到设备notify值 （设备上报值）连接成功
            if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_CONNECTED) {
                intentAction = ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED;
                mConnectionState = STATE_CONNECTED;
                broadcastUpdate(intentAction);
                Log.e("mytest", "Connected to GATT server.");
                // Attempts to discover services after successful connection.
                Log.e("mytest", "Attempting to start service discovery:" + mBluetoothGatt.discoverServices());

            } else if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_DISCONNECTED) {
             // 连接失败
             intentAction = ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED;
             mConnectionState = STATE_DISCONNECTED;
             Log.e("mytest", "Disconnected from GATT server.");
                 broadcastUpdate(intentAction);
            }
        }

发现服务

/** 发现新服务器 */
        @Override
        public void onServicesDiscovered(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status) {
            // 读取到值，在这里读数据
            if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
                broadcastUpdate(ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED);
            } else {
                Log.e("mytest", "onServicesDiscovered received: " + status);
            }
        }

读取蓝牙数据

/** 读写特性 */
    @Override
    public void onCharacteristicRead(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status) {
            if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
                Log.e("BluetoothLeService", "onCharacteristicRead");
                broadcastUpdate(ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE, characteristic);
            }
    }
    @Override
    public void onDescriptorWrite(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor, int status) {
        System.out.println(
                "onDescriptorWriteonDescriptorWrite = " + status + ", descriptor =" + descriptor.getUuid().toString());
    }

服务状态发生变化

 @Override
 public void onCharacteristicChanged(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
            Log.e("BluetoothLeService", "onCharacteristicChanged");
            broadcastUpdate(ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE, characteristic);
 }

获取蓝牙信号强度

    @Override
    public void onReadRemoteRssi(BluetoothGatt gatt, int rssi, int status) {
        System.out.println("rssi = " + rssi);
    }

写入数据

public void onCharacteristicWrite(BluetoothGatt gatt,BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status) {
        System.out.println("--------write success----- status:" + status);
        System.out.println("--------write success----- WriteType:" + characteristic.getWriteType());
    }
};

蓝牙服务读取

private void displayGattServices(List<BluetoothGattService> gattServices) {
        if (gattServices == null)
            return;
        String uuid = null;
        String unknownServiceString = getResources().getString(R.string.unknown_service);
        String unknownCharaString = getResources().getString(R.string.unknown_characteristic);
        ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> gattServiceData = new ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>>();
        ArrayList<ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>>> gattCharacteristicData = new ArrayList<ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>>>();
        mGattCharacteristics = new ArrayList<ArrayList<BluetoothGattCharacteristic>>();

        // Loops through available GATT Services.
        for (BluetoothGattService gattService : gattServices) {
            HashMap<String, String> currentServiceData = new HashMap<String, String>();
            uuid = gattService.getUuid().toString();
            currentServiceData.put(LIST_NAME, SampleGattAttributes.lookup(uuid, unknownServiceString));
            currentServiceData.put(LIST_UUID, uuid);
            gattServiceData.add(currentServiceData);

            ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> gattCharacteristicGroupData = new ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>>();
            List<BluetoothGattCharacteristic> gattCharacteristics = gattService.getCharacteristics();
            ArrayList<BluetoothGattCharacteristic> charas = new ArrayList<BluetoothGattCharacteristic>();

            // Loops through available Characteristics.
            for (BluetoothGattCharacteristic gattCharacteristic : gattCharacteristics) {
                charas.add(gattCharacteristic);
                HashMap<String, String> currentCharaData = new HashMap<String, String>();
                uuid = gattCharacteristic.getUuid().toString();
                currentCharaData.put(LIST_NAME, SampleGattAttributes.lookup(uuid, unknownCharaString));
                currentCharaData.put(LIST_UUID, uuid);
                gattCharacteristicGroupData.add(currentCharaData);
            }
            mGattCharacteristics.add(charas);
            gattCharacteristicData.add(gattCharacteristicGroupData);
        }
    }