Using Windows XP Visual Styles

Using Microsoft Windows XP, you can now define the visual style or appearance of controls and windows from simple colors to textures and shapes. You can control each defined part of a control as well as each part of the nonclient (frame and caption) area of a window. The user can then use the Appearance tab in the Windows Control Panel to switch between the classic visual style and other available styles.

A visual style is included with the Windows XP release. Using helper libraries and application programming interfaces (APIs), you can incorporate the Windows XP visual style into your application with few code changes. For information about the differences between themes and visual styles, see Themes and Visual Styles.

 

ComCtl32.dll Version 6

All applications running on the Windows XP operating system have a nonclient area, which includes the window frame and nonclient scroll bars. A visual style is applied to the nonclient area by default. This means that the appearance of the nonclient area is specified by the visual style that is currently installed. To apply a visual style to common controls in the client area, you must use ComCtl32.dll version 6 or later. Unlike earlier versions of ComCtl32.dll, version 6 is not redistributable. The only way you can use version 6 of the dynamic-link library (DLL) is to use an operating system that contains it. Windows XP ships with both version 5 and version 6. ComCtl32.dll version 6 contains both the user controls and the common controls. By default, applications use the user controls defined in User32.dll and the common controls defined in ComCtl32.dll version 5.

If you want your application to use visual styles, you must add an application manifest that indicates that ComCtl32.dll version 6 should be used if it is available. Version 6 includes some new controls and new options for other controls, but the biggest change is support for changing the appearance of controls in a window.

Using Manifests to Ensure That Visual Styles Can Be Applied to Applications

As previously discussed, you must use ComCtl32.dll version 6 to apply visual styles to your applications and use an application manifest to ensure that version 6 is available to your application. An application manifest describes an application and specifies the components required to run the application, such as any dependencies.

You must use Extensible Markup Language (XML) to write a manifest. The name of the application manifest file is the name of your executable followed by the file extension .manifest. For example, MyApp.exe.manifest. The following sample manifest shows that the first section describes the manifest itself. The following table shows the attributes set by the assemblyIdentity element in the manifest description section.

 

Attribute	Description
version	Version of the manifest. The version must be in the form major.minor.revision.build (that is, n.n.n.n, where n <=65535).
processorArchitecture	Processor for which your application is developed.
name	Includes company name, product name and application name.
type	Type of your application, such as Microsoft Win32.

 

The sample manifest also provides a description of your application and specifies application dependencies. The following table shows the attributes set by the assemblyIdentity element in the dependency section.

 

Attribute	Description
type	Type of the dependency component, such as Win32.
name	Name of the component.
version	Version of the component.
processorArchitecture	Processor that the component is designed for.
publicKeyToken	Key token used with this component.
language	Language of the component.

Following is an example of a manifest file.

Important  If you write an application for the 64 bit Windows platform, you must change the processorArchitecture entry to processorArchitecture="IA64".

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<assembly xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" manifestVersion="1.0">
<assemblyIdentity
    version="1.0.0.0"
    processorArchitecture="X86"
    name="CompanyName.ProductName.YourApplication"
    type="win32"
/>
<description>Your application description here.</description>
<dependency>
    <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity
            type="win32"
            name="Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls"
            version="6.0.0.0"
            processorArchitecture="X86"
            publicKeyToken="6595b64144ccf1df"
            language="*"
        />
    </dependentAssembly>
</dependency>
</assembly>

The following topics describe the steps for applying visual styles to different types of applications. Notice that the manifest format is the same in each case.

Using ComCtl32.dll Version 6 in an Application That Does Not Use Third Party Extensions

The following are examples of applications that do not use third party extensions.

• Calculator
• FreeCell
• Minesweeper
• Notepad
• Solitaire

To create a manifest and enable your application to use visual styles.

1. Link to ComCtl32.lib and call InitCommonControls.
2. Add a file called YourApp.exe.manifest to your source tree that has the XML manifest format.

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
   <assembly xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" manifestVersion="1.0">
   <assemblyIdentity
       version="1.0.0.0"
       processorArchitecture="X86"
       name="CompanyName.ProductName.YourApplication"
       type="win32"
   />
   <description>Your application description here.</description>
   <dependency>
       <dependentAssembly>
           <assemblyIdentity
               type="win32"
               name="Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls"
               version="6.0.0.0"
               processorArchitecture="X86"
               publicKeyToken="6595b64144ccf1df"
               language="*"
           />
       </dependentAssembly>
   </dependency>
   </assembly>
   

3. Add the manifest to your application's resource file as follows:

   CREATEPROCESS_MANIFEST_RESOURCE_ID RT_MANIFEST "YourApp.exe.manifest"
   

   Note  When you add the previous entry to the resource you must format it on one line. Alternatively, you can place the XML manifest file in the same directory as your application's executable file. The operating system will load the manifest from the file system first, then check the resource section of the executable. The file system version takes precedence.