Robotframework 入门教程（五）

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本文介绍使用RobotFramework进行数据驱动测试的方法，并提供了一个实际案例。通过设置Template，实现关键字的重复执行，专注于输入数据的变化，提高代码的可维护性和复用性。

==test case 风格==

前面写的几个case都是关键字驱动（keyword-driven）一步一步关键字顺序执行。RF另一种风格就是数据驱动（data-driven）修改demo.robot的Fourth Case如下：

*** Settings ***
[Documentation]    Example test cases using the keyword-driven testing approach.

*** Variables ***
${var1}           value
@{list1}          a    b    c    d
&{dict1}          key1=sf    key2=${list1}

*** Test Cases ***
First Case
    Log to console    ${var1}
    Log to console    ${list1}[0]
    Log to console    ${list1[0]}
    Log to console    ${dict1}['key1']
    Log to console    ${dict1['key1']}
    Log to console    ${dict1.key1}

Second Case
    Calculate and Check Equals
    Calculate and Check Equals    1+5
    Calculate and Check Equals    7-2    ${5}
    Calculate and Check Equals    expression=6+3    expected=${9}

Third Case
    Varargs keyword    a    f    ${var1}
    Varargs keyword    @{list1}    ${var1}
    Kwargs keyword    key1=value1    key2=789
    Kwargs keyword    &{dict1}
    Kwargs keyword    &{dict1}    mykey=tututu    &{dict1}

Fourth Case
    [Documentation]    data-driven case
    [Template]    Calculate "${expression}" and Check Equals "${expected}"
    2+4    ${6}
    9-2    ${7}
    6*4    ${24}

*** Keywords ***
Calculate and Check Equals
    [Arguments]    ${expression}=3+3    ${expected}=${6}
    ${res}    Evaluate    ${expression}
    Log to console    expression = ${expression}
    Log to console    result = ${res}
    Should Be Equal    ${res}    ${expected}

Varargs keyword
    [Arguments]    @{args}
    Log to console    --------
    : FOR    ${item}    IN    @{args}
    \    Log to console    ${item}

Kwargs keyword
    [Arguments]    &{kwargs}
    Log to console    --------
    : FOR    ${item}    IN    @{kwargs.items()}
    \    Log to console    ${item}

Calculate "${expression}" and Check Equals "${expected}"
    Calculate and Check Equals    ${expression}    ${expected}

运行robot -t “Second Case” demo.robot得到如下结果：

通过case中设置Template使得关键字可以不止一次的执行，同时将测试步骤执行流程隐藏，专注于输入数据。data-driven比较适合接口的测试，针对同一操作不同的数据反复进行访问。这样写还有个好处提高了代码的可维护性，比如关键字的名字变化了，只需要修改template中一行就可以，不像second case中每行都要替换。

RF中还有一种风格是行为驱动（Behavior-driven），我也没用过，感觉就是关键字前加些固定的词使case更容易理解，（Given，When，and，Then）执行的时候是被去掉的，撸个例子占个坑。

*** Test Cases ***

Valid Login
Given login page is open
When valid username and password are inserted
and credentials are submitted

Then welcome page should be open