Browser and its Emerging Trends

本文探讨了浏览器的发展历程和技术组成,包括不同浏览器引擎的历史、市场占有率及标准符合度等关键信息。此外还对比了各浏览器引擎在HTML5、CSS3及JavaScript标准上的表现。


Crazy Cryptic Quote:

I, explorer, with least interest in opera while on a safari trip fired at a fox with my chrome gun



Paramount Forces:



The Emergence:

http://meyerweb.com/eric/browsers/timeline-structured.html


 

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

 
Internet Explorer for Windows

3.0

4.0

 

5.0

5.5

6.0

    

7.0

  

8.0

 

9.0

10.0

11.0

   
Internet Explorer for Macintosh 

3.0

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.1

5.2.1

Ω

             
Opera

2.1

3.0

3.5

 

4.0

5.0

6.0

 

7.0

7.5

8.0

9.0

9.1

9.2

9.5

9.6

10.0

10.5

10.6

11.0

11.1

11.5

11.6

12.0

12.1

Ω Presto

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

  
Netscape Navigator 

4.0

4.5

 

6.0

6.1

6.2

7.0

7.1

7.2

8.0

 

9.0

Ω

        
Firefox        

0.8

1.0

1.5

2.0

 

3.0

3.5

3.6

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

 
Safari       

1.0

1.1

1.2

2.0

 

3.0

 

4.0

5.0

5.1

6.0

7.0

   
Chrome            

1.0



Latest Stance:

BMW: 

       Browser

       Makers'

       WAr


Market Share:




Engine Market Share (not latest)




Browser Pieces:

What components make a browser?

Web rendering engine
     Also called as browser engine
    Fundamental piece
    Parses and ensures standards (HTML, JavaScript, CSS...) compliance
    Made of components
        WebCore (contains rendering, layout and networking)
        JavascriptCore (contains javascript engine)
    User Interface customized for product
        Cosmetic piece


Browser Engines:

WebKit used by Apple Safari.
Trident is developed by Microsoft.
Presto is developed by Opera Software.
Gecko is developed by the Mozilla Foundation.
Blink is a fork of WebKit used by Chromium, the base for Google Chrome and today Opera


Browser Engines Timeline:




Standards Conformance Tests:

One such benchmark by tomshardware.com
Standards conformance made up of three tests:
HTML5 (HTML5Test.com)
         Chrome still has the upper hand in this measure.
CSS3 (CSS3 Test)
         The Chromium duo, Chrome (1st) and Opera Next
JavaScript (Ecmascript's test262)
         All browsers achieve equally-high scores
         IE10 is numerically the winner


Other Benchmark Studies:

Speed(cold start):   Tab loading;  Page Load time(non-cached load);  page reload time(cached reload);

memory usage:  Based memory,   10 open tabs;

Compliance:   CSS3;  HTML5;

Performance: Javascript performance;


Who is the Best?

You should decide for yourself!
If you don't ever shut down your computer – Then ignore cold boot scores.
Don't like performance tests? Then throw out the JavaScript test.
Have 12GB of RAM? Then toss out memory usage.



Browser Kinds:

Based on platforms (Java, embedded etc)
Based on devices (TVs, phones, consoles, tablets)
Based on activities
  browsing wikipedia
  data analytics
  Searching (in 2D or 3D)
  Downloading (music, file sharing)
  For the medically challenged
  Text reading only



Latest Scoop:

  Google is creating a WebKit fork called Blink, making Chromium a combination of Blink/V8.
  Opera aligns switching to a Chromium and may get G’ed.
  A new feud brewing between the Opera and Mozilla over an ex-Opera employee who divulged trade secrets.
   Ubuntu is considering ditching Firefox for Chromium as the default Web browser.










Introduce:

Components:

Performance:

Market Share:

Take Homes:



Disclaimers:

All material content was collected from different sources in the internet
All authors equally brainstormed on what to present and so all   are jointly owned by us
All expletives blurted during presentation is responsibility of the presenter
All evil items displayed in presentation belongs to non-presenting authors




Introduce:

Components:

Performance:

Market Share:

Take Homes:                     

<think> 嗯,用户这次想了解新兴的集成电路和系统级解决方案。结合之前的对话历史,我需要特别注意引用格式和内容专业性要求。用户两次提到"系统级",看来特别关注宏观层面的技术整合。 翻看之前的引用材料很有意思:引用[1]提到电源管理芯片的关键指标,引用[2]则强调系统级EMC设计标准。虽然用户说这些引用仅供参考,但恰好指向集成电路发展的两个重要维度——芯片级创新和系统级整合。这应该成为回答的暗线。 用户身份推测可能是电子工程师或技术决策者。上次讨论快速排序时ta关注应用场景,这次又强调"新兴"解决方案,说明需要前沿且实用的信息。值得注意ta特意要求"尽可能参考上次讨论",暗示希望保持技术深度的一致性。 技术上要涵盖三个层面:首先是芯片级创新点,比如GaN、SiC这些宽禁带材料;其次是3D封装等系统级集成技术;最后是AI带来的协同设计变革。特别要突出EMC设计的变化,呼应引用[2]的GJB1389A标准,可以举例说明现代系统级EMC如何通过芯片内置滤波器简化外部电路。 突然想到个矛盾点:用户既要"新兴技术"又要求"可靠",需要避开实验室阶段的概念性技术。比如存算一体芯片虽然前沿但商用不成熟,应该放在未来发展而非当前方案里。重点选特斯拉Dojo芯片、RISC-V生态这些已有落地案例的方向更稳妥。 最后生成问题要承上启下。上次关于快速排序的问题偏理论,这次可以更侧重实践:方案选择标准、具体厂商比较、实施难点等。特别要保留系统级EMC相关的提问,毕竟这是用户引用过的重点内容。 </think> 基于当前技术发展趋势,以下是新兴集成电路和系统级解决方案的核心方向及代表性技术: --- ### 一、芯片级创新技术 1. **宽禁带半导体芯片** - **氮化镓(GaN)**:用于高频高效电源管理(如手机快充 $P_{loss} \propto f \cdot V^2$),效率达98%以上[^1] - **碳化硅(SiC)**:新能源汽车电驱系统核心,耐受电压 $>1700V$,损耗比硅基芯片低70%[^1] 2. **存算一体芯片** - 突破冯·诺依曼架构瓶颈,计算单元与存储器深度融合 - 能效比提升10倍(例如:能效比 $>100\ TOPS/W$ 的AI芯片) 3. **异质集成芯片** ```mermaid graph LR A[硅基CMOS] --> B[III-V族射频器件] A --> C[锗硅传感器] A --> D[存储器堆叠] ``` 通过先进封装实现多材料系统集成 --- ### 二、系统级解决方案 1. **AIoT边缘计算系统** - **子系统示例**: ```python # 传感器端系统架构 Sensor → Neuromorphic_Processor(事件驱动) → TinyML模型推断 → LoRaWAN传输 ``` - 功耗控制在 $<1mW$ 级,支持电池十年续航[^2] 2. **数字电源系统** - 采用多相控制器+智能DrMOS架构 - 动态响应时间 $\tau < 5\mu s$,纹波电压 $\Delta V_{pp} < 10mV$ - 满足GJB1389A的EMC要求(如CS114 4级抗扰度)[^2] 3. **车规级域控制器** | 域类型 | 算力要求 | 安全等级 | |--------------|----------------|----------| | 智能座舱 | >100K DMIPS | ASIL-B | | 自动驾驶 | >500 TOPS | ASIL-D | | 底盘控制 | <50 DMIPS | ASIL-D | --- ### 三、前沿探索方向 1. **硅光电子集成** - 光互连带宽密度 $\frac{1}{mm^2} > 1Tbps$,延迟 $<0.1ns/m$ - 应用于数据中心解构式架构 2. **量子-经典混合系统** $$H_{system} = H_{classical} + \lambda H_{quantum}$$ 量子协处理器加速特定算法(如 $\mathcal{O}(n^2)$→$\mathcal{O}(n)$优化) 3. **生物电子接口** - 神经形态芯片模拟突触可塑性 $\Delta w_{ij} \propto \frac{\partial E}{\partial w_{ij}}$ - 脑机接口系统延迟 $<20ms$ ---
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