C++完成复数类的运算符重载

最新推荐文章于 2022-02-24 14:41:58 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-02-24 14:41:58 发布

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分类专栏： C++

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本文介绍如何在C++中实现复数类的各种运算符重载，包括基本的加、减、乘、除操作及复合赋值运算符。通过具体的代码示例展示了运算符重载的过程与应用。

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复数类的运算符重载

运算符重载指对已有的运算符重新进行定义，赋予其另一种功能，以适应不同的数据类型

对于复数类，有实部和虚部两部分，因此我们对于+，-，*，/，要列式计算。

如要加上+=，-+，*=，/=也会很容易。

程序如下：

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class Complex
{
public:
	Complex(double real = 0.0, double image = 0.0);       //声明构造函数时指定默认参数

	Complex& operator=(const Complex& c);
	Complex operator+(const Complex& c);
	Complex operator-(const Complex& c);
	Complex operator*(const Complex& c);
	Complex operator/(const Complex& c);

	void display();

private:
	double _real;
	double _image;
};
//定义构造函数
Complex::Complex(double real, double image)
{
	_real = real;
	_image = image;
}

//复数赋值
Complex& Complex::operator=(const Complex& c)
{
	if (this != &c)
	{
		_real = c._real;
		_image = c._image;
	}
	return *this;
}

//复数相加
Complex Complex::operator+(const Complex& c)
{
	Complex c1;
	c1._real = _real + c._real;
	c1._image = _image + c._image;
	return c1;
}

//复数相减
Complex Complex::operator-(const Complex& c)
{
	Complex c1;
	c1._real = _real - c._real;
	c1._image = _image - c._image;
	return c1;
}

//复数相乘(a+bi)*(c+di)
Complex Complex::operator*(const Complex& c)
{
	Complex c1;
	c1._real = _real*c._real - _image*c._image;
	c1._image = _image*c._real + _real*c._image;
	return c1;
}

//复数相除(a+bi)/(c+di)
Complex Complex::operator/(const Complex& c)
{
	Complex c1;
	c1._real = (_real*c._real + _image*c._image) / (c._real*c._real + c._image*c._image);
	c1._image = (_image*c._real - _real*c._image) / (c._real*c._real + c._image*c._image);
	return c1;
}

void Complex::display()
{
	cout << "(" << _real << "," << _image << ")" << endl;
}

void test()
{
	Complex c1(1.0, 2.0);
	Complex c2(4.0, 5.0);
	Complex c3;

	c3 = c1.operator+(c2);
	c3.display();

	c3 = c1.operator-(c2);
	c3.display();

	c3 = c1.operator*(c2);
	c3.display();

	c3 = c1.operator/(c2);
	c3.display();

	c2 = c1.operator=(c1);
	c2.display();
}

int main()
{
	test();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

在此基础上，就可以直接利用已重载好的运算符来重载+=，-=，*=，/=

程序如下：

//复数加等(a+bi)=(a+bi)+(c+di)
void Complex:: operator+=(const Complex& c)
{
	*this=*this+c;

	/*_real += c._real;
	_image += c._image;*/
}

//复数减等(a+bi)=(a+bi)-(c+di)
void Complex:: operator-=(const Complex& c)
{
	*this = *this - c;

	/*_real -= c._real;
	_image -= c._image;*/
}

//复数乘等(a+bi)=(a+bi)*(c+di)
void Complex:: operator*=(const Complex& c)
{
	*this = *this*c;
}

//复数除等(a+bi)=(a+bi)/(c+di)
void Complex::operator/=(const Complex& c)
{
	*this = *this / c;
}

void Complex::display()
{
	cout << "(" << _real << "," << _image << ")" << endl;
}

void test2()
{
	Complex c1(1.0, 2.0);
	Complex c2(4.0, 5.0);

	c1+=c2;
	c1.display();

	c1-=(c2);
	c1.display();

	c1*=(c2);
	c1.display();

	c1/=(c2);
	c1.display();
}

运行结果如下，读者可自行验证。