Microsoft Windows Internals 4th -- Chapter2 System Architecture

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本文介绍了Windows NT系统的设计目标和需求，包括提供32位抢占式虚拟内存操作系统、跨平台兼容性、良好的对称多处理器性能、分布式计算能力、16位应用支持、POSIX合规性及安全性，并详细阐述了系统的可扩展性、可移植性、可靠性、兼容性和性能等设计原则。

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This chapter explains the overall architecture of the system—the key components, how they interact with each other, and the context in which they run.

Requirements and Design Goals

The following requirements drove the specification of Windows NT back in 1989:

Provide a true 32-bit, preemptive, reentrant, virtual memory operating system
Run on multiple hardware architectures and platforms
Run and scale well on symmetric multiprocessing systems
Be a great distributed computing platform, both as a network client and as a server
Run most existing 16-bit MS-DOS and Microsoft Windows 3.1 applications
Meet government requirements for POSIX 1003.1 compliance
Meet government and industry requirements for operating system security
Be easily adaptable to the global market by supporting Unicode

According to the requirement, the following design goals are adopted: