非root（普通用户）安装gcc

非root权限(普通用户)安装gcc

1.下载gcc安装

wget https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/gcc-12.3.0/gcc-12.3.0.tar.gz
tar -xzf gcc-12.3.0.tar.gz
cd gcc-12.3.0

2.使用脚本安装依赖

（1）、安装

./contrib/download_prerequisites

(2)、 配置、编译和安装 GCC

`mkdir -p ../build
cd ../build
../gcc-12.3.0/configure --prefix=$HOME/local/gcc-12.3 --enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-multilib
make -j$(nproc)  # 编译过程较慢，可根据CPU核数调整
make install

注 : 此操作将在 ~/local/gcc-12.3 下安装 GCC。

2.1. 设置环境变量以使用新版本 GCC

export PATH=$HOME/local/gcc-12.3/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$HOME/local/gcc-12.3/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

2.2将这些命令添加到 ~/.bashrc 文件中以永久生效：

echo 'export PATH=$HOME/local/gcc-12.3/bin:$PATH' >> ~/.bashrc
echo 'export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$HOME/local/gcc-12.3/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH' >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

2.3 验证 GCC 是否正确安装：

gcc --version

3.手动下载依赖安装

3.1下载和安装 GMP

wget https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gmp/gmp-6.2.1.tar.xz
tar -xf gmp-6.2.1.tar.xz
cd gmp-6.2.1
./configure --prefix=$HOME/local/gmp --enable-cxx
make -j$(nproc)
make install

3.2 下载和安装 MPFR

wget https://www.mpfr.org/mpfr-4.2.0/mpfr-4.2.0.tar.xz
tar -xf mpfr-4.2.0.tar.xz
cd mpfr-4.2.0
./configure --prefix=$HOME/local/mpfr --with-gmp=$HOME/local/gmp
make -j$(nproc)
make install

3.3 下载和安装 MPC

wget https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/mpc/mpc-1.3.1.tar.gz
tar -xzf mpc-1.3.1.tar.gz
cd mpc-1.3.1
./configure --prefix=$HOME/local/mpc --with-gmp=$HOME/local/gmp --with-mpfr=$HOME/local/mpfr
make -j$(nproc)
make install

3.4下载和安装 ISL (可选)

wget http://isl.gforge.inria.fr/isl-0.25.tar.xz
tar -xf isl-0.25.tar.xz
cd isl-0.25
./configure --prefix=$HOME/local/isl --with-gmp-prefix=$HOME/local/gmp
make -j$(nproc)
make install

4、在 GCC 构建中指定依赖库路径

../configure --prefix=$HOME/local/gcc-12.3 \
    --enable-languages=c,c++ \
    --disable-multilib \
    --with-gmp=$HOME/local/gmp \
    --with-mpfr=$HOME/local/mpfr \
    --with-mpc=$HOME/local/mpc \
    --with-isl=$HOME/local/isl