本文档介绍了如何在Spring Cloud环境下搭建微服务，包括Eureka服务注册与发现，Eureka客户端配置，Feign消费者实现，以及Zuul网关的设置。详细阐述了每个模块的Pom配置、启动类和应用属性配置，并提供了测试代码以验证服务间的通信。最后，给出了执行步骤，指导读者逐步完成微服务的构建和测试。
1项目结构描述
eureka-server：服务注册模块
euraka-client：服务的提供者
feign:消费者
zuul网管
2 eureka-server：服务注册模块
Pom的配置：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.3.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.example</groupId>
<artifactId>eureka-server</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>eureka-server</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
启动类：
package com.example.eurekaserver;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class EurekaServerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(EurekaServerApplication.class, args);
}
}
application.properties配置
server.port=8070
eureka.server.enable-self-preservation=false
eureka.server.eviction-interval-timer-in-ms=5000
eureka.instance.hostname=localhost
eureka.client.register-with-eureka=false
eureka.client.fetch-registry=false
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka
3euraka-client：服务的提供者
Pom的配置：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.3.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.example</groupId>
<artifactId>eureka-client</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>eureka-client</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud-services.version>2.1.2.RELEASE</spring-cloud-services.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.pivotal.spring.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-services-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud-services.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
启动类：
package com.example.eurekaclient;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class EurekaClientApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(EurekaClientApplication.class, args);
}
}
application.properties配置
spring.application.name=eureka-client
server.port=8080
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:8070/eureka/
测试代码:
package com.example.eurekaclient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class MyController {
@RequestMapping(value = "/info", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String info() {
return "Hello, eureka-client";
}
}
4feign消费者
Pom的配置：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.3.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.example</groupId>
<artifactId>eureka-server</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>eureka-server</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
启动类：
package com.test.feignhystrix;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients
@EnableEurekaClient
public class FeignHystrixApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(FeignHystrixApplication.class, args);
}
}
application.properties配置
spring.application.name=feign-hystrix
server.port=8081
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:8070/eureka/
ribbon.ReadTimeout=5000
ribbon.ConnectionTimeout=5000
hystrix.command.default.execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds=10000
#feign.hystrix.enabled=true
测试代码:
package com.test.feignhystrix;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@Configuration
public class ConsumerController {
@Autowired
InfoClient infoClient;
@RequestMapping(value = "/consumerInfo", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String consumerInfo(){
return infoClient.info();
}
}
package com.test.feignhystrix;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
//1.name为被调用的服务应用名称.
//2.InfoFallBack作为熔断实现，当请求euraka-client失败时调用其中的方法.
//3.feign配置.
@FeignClient(name = "eureka-client", fallback = InfoFallBack.class, configuration = MyFeignConfig.class)
public interface InfoClient {
//被请求微服务的地址
@RequestMapping("/info")
String info();
}
package com.test.feignhystrix;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class InfoFallBack implements InfoClient {
@Override
public String info() {
return "fallback info";
}
}
package com.test.feignhystrix;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import feign.Logger;
@Configuration
public class MyFeignConfig {
/**
* feign打印日志等级
* @return
*/
@Bean
Logger.Level feignLoggerLeval(){
return Logger.Level.FULL;
}
}
5ZUUL网管
Pom的配置：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.3.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.example</groupId>
<artifactId>zuul</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>zuul</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud-services.version>2.1.2.RELEASE</spring-cloud-services.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.pivotal.spring.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-services-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud-services.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
启动类：
package com.example.zuul;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableZuulProxy
@EnableEurekaClient
public class ZuulApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ZuulApplication.class, args);
}
}
application.properties配置
spring.application.name=zuul
server.port=8071
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:8070/eureka/
#zuul.host.connect-timeout-millis=5000
#zuul.host.socket-timeout-millis=5000
ribbon.ReadTimeout=5000
ribbon.ConnectionTimeout=5000
hystrix.command.default.execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds=10000
zuul.routes.eureka-client=/api/**
测试代码:
package com.example.zuul;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter;
import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext;
import com.netflix.zuul.exception.ZuulException;
@Component
public class AccessFilter extends ZuulFilter {
/**
* 返回一个字符串代表过滤器的类型，在zuul中定义了四种不同生命周期的过滤器类型：
* pre：可以在请求被路由之前调用
* route：在路由请求时候被调用
* post：在route和error过滤器之后被调用
* error：处理请求时发生错误时被调用
* @return
*/
@Override
public String filterType() {
return "pre"; //前置过滤器
}
@Override
public int filterOrder() {
return 0; //过滤器的执行顺序，数字越大优先级越低
}
@Override
public boolean shouldFilter() {
return true;//是否执行该过滤器，此处为true，说明需要过滤
}
/**
* 过滤器具体逻辑
* @return
* @throws ZuulException
*/
@Override
public Object run() throws ZuulException {
RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
HttpServletRequest request = ctx.getRequest();
System.out.println(String.format("%s demoFilter request to %s", request.getMethod(), request.getRequestURL().toString()));
String username = request.getParameter("username");// 获取请求的参数
if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(username)&&username.equals("bright")){//当请求参数username为“bright”时通过
ctx.setSendZuulResponse(true);// 对该请求进行路由
ctx.setResponseStatusCode(200);
ctx.set("isSuccess", true);// 设值，让下一个Filter看到上一个Filter的状态
return null;
}else{
ctx.setSendZuulResponse(false);// 过滤该请求，不对其进行路由
ctx.setResponseStatusCode(401);// 返回错误码
ctx.setResponseBody("{\"result\":\"please login!\"}");// 返回错误内容
ctx.set("isSuccess", false);
return null;
}
}
}
执行步骤：
1启动eureka-server然后访问http://localhost:8070/查看注册中心是否执行成功
2启动eureka-server然后访问http://localhost:8070/查看” Instances currently registered with Eureka”的列表
3访问http://127.0.0.1:8080/info会返回” Hello, eureka-client”
4启用feign访问http://127.0.0.1:8081/consumerInfo会返回Hello, eureka-client，这次为远程调用
5启动zuul分别访问
http://127.0.0.1:8071/api/info 返回 please login!
http://127.0.0.1:8071/api/info?username=bright返回Hello, eureka-client
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