HTTP响应详解-优快云博客

服务器端发送给客户端的数据

数据格式：

响应行
1. 组成：协议/版本响应状态码状态码描述
2. 响应状态码：服务器告诉客户端浏览器本次请求和响应的一个状态。
1. 状态码都是3位数字
2. 分类：
1. 1xx：服务器就收客户端消息，但没有接受完成，等待一段时间后，发送1xx多状态码
2. 2xx：成功。代表：200
3. 3xx：重定向。代表：302(重定向)，304(访问缓存)
4. 4xx：客户端错误。
* 代表：
* 404（请求路径没有对应的资源）
* 405：请求方式没有对应的doXxx方法
5. 5xx：服务器端错误。代表：500(服务器内部出现异常)

响应头：
1. 格式：头名称：值
2. 常见的响应头：
1. Content-Type：服务器告诉客户端本次响应体数据格式以及编码格式
2. Content-disposition：服务器告诉客户端以什么格式打开响应体数据
* 值：
* in-line:默认值,在当前页面内打开
* attachment;filename=xxx：以附件形式打开响应体。文件下载

	* 响应字符串格式
		HTTP/1.1 200 OK
		Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8
		Content-Length: 101
		Date: Wed, 06 Jun 2018 07:08:42 GMT

		<html>
		  <head>
		    <title>$Title$</title>
		  </head>
		  <body>
		  hello , response
		  </body>
		</html>

Response对象

* 功能：设置响应消息
	1. 设置响应行
		1. 格式：HTTP/1.1 200 ok
		2. 设置状态码：setStatus(int sc) 
	2. 设置响应头：setHeader(String name, String value) 
		
	3. 设置响应体：
		* 使用步骤：
			1. 获取输出流
				* 字符输出流：PrintWriter getWriter()

				* 字节输出流：ServletOutputStream getOutputStream()

			2. 使用输出流，将数据输出到客户端浏览器


* 案例：
	1. 完成重定向
		* 重定向：资源跳转的方式
		* 代码实现：
			//1. 设置状态码为302
	        response.setStatus(302);
	        //2.设置响应头location
	        response.setHeader("location","/dir/responseDemo2");


	        //简单的重定向方法
	        response.sendRedirect("//responseDemo2");

		* 重定向的特点:redirect
			1. 地址栏发生变化
			2. 重定向可以访问其他站点(服务器)的资源
			3. 重定向是两次请求。不能使用request对象来共享数据
		* 转发的特点：forward
			1. 转发地址栏路径不变
			2. 转发只能访问当前服务器下的资源
			3. 转发是一次请求，可以使用request对象来共享数据

示例：

 protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        System.out.println("demo1........");



        //访问/demo1，会自动跳转到/responseDemo2资源
       /* //1. 设置状态码为302
        response.setStatus(302);
        //2.设置响应头location
        response.setHeader("location","/dir/demo2");*/

        request.setAttribute("msg","response");



    }

动态获取虚拟目录：

  //动态获取虚拟目录
        String contextPath = request.getContextPath();

        //简单的重定向方法
        response.sendRedirect(contextPath+"/demo2");

demo2:

protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("demo2222222........");

        Object msg = request.getAttribute("msg");
        System.out.println(msg);
    }

demo3转发:

 protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {


        //转发
        request.getRequestDispatcher("/demo2").forward(request,response);
    }

设置编码：

 //获取流对象之前，设置流的默认编码：ISO-8859-1 设置为：utf-8
response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//告诉浏览器，服务器发送的消息体数据的编码。建议浏览器使用该编码解码
response.setHeader("content-type","text/html;charset=utf-8");
 //简单的形式，设置编码
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");

获取字节输出流：
response.getOutputStream()

 protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");

        //1.获取字节输出流
        ServletOutputStream sos = response.getOutputStream();
        //2.输出数据
        sos.write("你好".getBytes("utf-8"));
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }

验证码案例：


import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;

@WebServlet("/checkCodeServlet")
public class CheckCodeServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {


        int width = 100;
        int height = 50;

        //1.创建一对象，在内存中图片(验证码图片对象)
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width,height,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);


        //2.美化图片
        //2.1 填充背景色
        Graphics g = image.getGraphics();//画笔对象
        g.setColor(Color.PINK);//设置画笔颜色
        g.fillRect(0,0,width,height);

        //2.2画边框
        g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
        g.drawRect(0,0,width - 1,height - 1);

        String str = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghigklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";
        //生成随机角标
        Random ran = new Random();

        for (int i = 1; i <= 4; i++) {
            int index = ran.nextInt(str.length());
            //获取字符
            char ch = str.charAt(index);//随机字符
            //2.3写验证码
            g.drawString(ch+"",width/5*i,height/2);
        }


        //2.4画干扰线
        g.setColor(Color.GREEN);

        //随机生成坐标点

        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            int x1 = ran.nextInt(width);
            int x2 = ran.nextInt(width);

            int y1 = ran.nextInt(height);
            int y2 = ran.nextInt(height);
            g.drawLine(x1,y1,x2,y2);
        }


        //3.将图片输出到页面展示
        ImageIO.write(image,"jpg",response.getOutputStream());


    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

ServletContext();

 protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        /*

            ServletContext对象获取：
                1. 通过request对象获取
			        request.getServletContext();
                2. 通过HttpServlet获取
                    this.getServletContext();
         */
        
        //1. 通过request对象获取
        ServletContext context1 = request.getServletContext();
        //2. 通过HttpServlet获取
        ServletContext context2 = this.getServletContext();

        System.out.println(context1);
        System.out.println(context2);

        System.out.println(context1 == context2);//true


    }

MIME类型：

ServletContext功能：
1. 获取MIME类型：
* MIME类型:在互联网通信过程中定义的一种文件数据类型
* 格式：大类型/小类型 text/html image/jpeg
* 获取：String getMimeType(String file)
2. 域对象：共享数据
3. 获取文件的真实(服务器)路径

protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
      
        
        //1. 通过HttpServlet获取
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();

        //2. 定义文件名称
        String filename = "a.jpg";//image/jpeg


        //3.获取MIME类型
        String mimeType = context.getMimeType(filename);
        System.out.println(mimeType);//image/jpeg


    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }

SerlvetContext共享数据：

demo1

 // 通过HttpServlet获取
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();

        //设置数据
        context.setAttribute("msg","haha");

demo2

 //2. 通过HttpServlet获取
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();

        //获取数据
        Object msg = context.getAttribute("msg");
        System.out.println(msg);

获取文件的真实(服务器)路径

  // 通过HttpServlet获取
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();


        // 获取文件的服务器路径
        String b = context.getRealPath("/b.txt");//web目录下资源访问
        System.out.println(b);
       // File file = new File(realPath);

        String c = context.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/c.txt");//WEB-INF目录下的资源访问
        System.out.println(c);

        String a = context.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/classes/a.txt");//src目录下的资源访问
        System.out.println(a);

实现文件下载:

package cnm.amwpjm.web.download;

import com.amwpjm.web.utils.DownLoadUtils;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/downloadServlet")
public class DownloadServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1.获取请求参数，文件名称
        String filename = request.getParameter("filename");
        //2.使用字节输入流加载文件进内存
        //2.1找到文件服务器路径
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        String realPath = servletContext.getRealPath("/img/" + filename);
        //2.2用字节流关联
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(realPath);

        //3.设置response的响应头
        //3.1设置响应头类型：content-type
        String mimeType = servletContext.getMimeType(filename);//获取文件的mime类型
        response.setHeader("content-type",mimeType);
        //3.2设置响应头打开方式:content-disposition

        //解决中文文件名问题
        //1.获取user-agent请求头、
        String agent = request.getHeader("user-agent");
        //2.使用工具类方法编码文件名即可
        filename = DownLoadUtils.getFileName(agent, filename);

        response.setHeader("content-disposition","attachment;filename="+filename);
        //4.将输入流的数据写出到输出流中
        ServletOutputStream sos = response.getOutputStream();
        byte[] buff = new byte[1024 * 8];
        int len = 0;
        while((len = fis.read(buff)) != -1){
            sos.write(buff,0,len);
        }

        fis.close();


    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

utils:

public class DownLoadUtils {

    public static String getFileName(String agent, String filename) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
        if (agent.contains("MSIE")) {
            // IE浏览器
            filename = URLEncoder.encode(filename, "utf-8");
            filename = filename.replace("+", " ");
        } else if (agent.contains("Firefox")) {
            // 火狐浏览器
            BASE64Encoder base64Encoder = new BASE64Encoder();
            filename = "=?utf-8?B?" + base64Encoder.encode(filename.getBytes("utf-8")) + "?=";
        } else {
            // 其它浏览器
            filename = URLEncoder.encode(filename, "utf-8");
        }
        return filename;
    }
}