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This series provides applied researchers and students with analysis and research design books that emphasize the use of methods to answer research questions. Rather than emphasizing statistical theory, each volume in the series illustrates when a technique should (and should not) be used and how the output from available software programs should (and should not) be interpreted. Common pitfalls as well as areas of further development are clearly articulated.

This chapter discusses how applied researchers in corporate finance can address endogeneity concerns. We begin by reviewing the sources of endogeneity— omitted variables, simultaneity, and measurement error— and their implications for inference. We then discuss in detail a number of econometric techniques aimed at addressing endogeneity problems including: instrumental variables, difference-in-differences estimators, regression discontinuity design, matching methods, panel data methods, and higher order moments estimators. The unifying themes of our discussion are the emphasis on intuition and the applications to corporate finance.

Visual question answering is fundamentally compositional in nature—a question like where is the dog? shares substructure with questions like what color is the dog? and where is the cat? This paper seeks to simultaneously exploit the representational capacity of deep networks and the compositional li

milled products show yellowish color, desirable for pastas. It is milled to a grainier product (semolina) that favors cooking quality. The durum wheats have higher protein and mineral content than the soft wheats. The turgidum wheats, except the durums, are not used for food

Maintenance is the support of successful system operation during long periods of usage by means of: (1) regular or sample check-ups; (2) planned or preventive replacement of the system’s units; (3) failure diagnosis; and/or (4) spare units supply. Operations research models for a system maintenance analysis are represented mainly by optimization models for the improvement of system and equipment reliability.

Reinforcement Learning or Evolutionary Strategies_ Nature has a solution_ Both

Failure of Skin-Deep Learning, THERE IS A DISCONNECT AT THE HEART OF THE U.S. EDUCATION SYSTEM THAT IS HAVING A DEVASTATING effect on how and what children learn. Research shows that the most meaningful learning takes place when students are challenged to address an issue in depth, which can only be done for a relatively small number of topics in any school year.* But the traditional process of setting standards tends to promote a superfi cial “comprehensive coverage” of a fi eld, whether it be biology or history, leaving little room for in-depth learning. The curricula and textbooks that result are skin-deep and severely fl awed.

A Comparative Study on Leadership Mechanism of Sino-Norwegian Bi-Cultural Teleworking Teams

Impact of empowering leadership behavior on communication satisfaction and its mechanism

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