JAVA实现Shapefile等转DXF格式

本文介绍如何使用GeoTools和GDAL将Shapefile、GeoJSON等地理数据转换为DXF格式。通过示例代码展示了整个过程,包括环境配置、数据读取与写入。

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      用geotools容易将shapefile、geojson、kml等地理信息数据解析成它识别的FeatureCollection对象,然后在进行其他的数据操作。dxf文件是AutoCAD的数据交换文件,不带坐标系定义。有时候需要将以上的这些数据转成dxf文件,这时需要借助gdal环境和java本地方法接口写入,读取dxf也能实现(本文不介绍)。本文用基于java语言的geotools和gdal本地方法接口来处理FeatureCollection对象。

1.gdal环境

  • 安装

Linux:

root@shanks:~# apt-get install gdal-bin libgdal-dev libgdal-java
注意安装的版本,本文示例是在Linux环境下实现。
Windows:

下载地址http://www.gdal.org/usergroup0.html,下载安装相应的安装包。

  • JNI包
      gdal安装后提供本地方法给java调用,对应的版本JNI接口依赖添加(本例使用的是2.1.0):
maven:
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.gdal</groupId>
    <artifactId>gdal</artifactId>
    <version>2.1.0</version>
</dependency>
gradle:
org.gdal:gdal:2.1.0
      有时不能准确的找到.dll或者.so文件,需记住库文件所在的路径。本例子库文件路径是在“/usr/lib/jni”下,目录下有文件:
root@shanks:/usr/lib/jni# ls
libgdalconstjni.so  libgdalconstjni.so.20  libgdaljni.so  libgdaljni.so.20  libogrjni.so  libogrjni.so.20  libosrjni.so  libosrjni.so.20
2.数据操作

  • 完整的代码
Demo.java
package shanks.demo;

import org.gdal.gdal.gdal;
import org.gdal.ogr.*;
import org.gdal.osr.SpatialReference;
import org.geotools.data.shapefile.ShapefileDataStore;
import org.geotools.data.simple.SimpleFeatureIterator;
import org.geotools.feature.FeatureCollection;
import org.geotools.referencing.CRS;
import org.opengis.feature.simple.SimpleFeature;
import java.io.File;

public class Demo {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            // 注册驱动
            ogr.RegisterAll();
            // 支持中文路径
            gdal.SetConfigOption("GDAL_FILENAME_IS_UTF8","YES");
            // 属性表字段支持中文
            gdal.SetConfigOption("SHAPE_ENCODING","CP936");

            String in = "/home/shanks/shp/test_shp/t.shp";  // 输入文件路径
            String out = "/home/shanks/shp/test_shp/dxf/dxf.dxf";  // 输出文件路径
            File shp_file = new File(in);

            // 读shapefile
            ShapefileDataStore dataStore = new ShapefileDataStore(shp_file.toURI().toURL());
            // 得到FeatureCollection对象
            FeatureCollection featureCollection = dataStore.getFeatureSource().getFeatures();
            //坐标系
            String srs = CRS.lookupIdentifier(featureCollection.getSchema().getCoordinateReferenceSystem(),true);
            int srid = Integer.valueOf(srs.split(":")[1]);

            // 将要输出的类型,这里是导出DXF文件
            Driver driver = ogr.GetDriverByName("DXF");
            if(null == driver)
                throw new NullPointerException("获取DXF驱动失败!");

            DataSource dataSource = driver.CreateDataSource(out);
            if(null == dataSource)
                throw new NullPointerException("DataSource创建失败!");

            // gdal坐标系
            SpatialReference spatialReference = new SpatialReference();
            spatialReference.ImportFromEPSG(srid);

            final String layer0 = "Layer0";
            // 创建一个Layer。dxf中可以创建多个Layer
            Layer layer = dataSource.CreateLayer(layer0,spatialReference);
            if(null == layer)
                throw new NullPointerException("Layer创建失败!");

            // dxf的属性字段集合。固定的某些字段:
            // "ExtendedEntity","SubClasses","Text","EntityHandle","Linetype","Layer"等
            FeatureDefn featureDefn = layer.GetLayerDefn();
            // 查看固定属性
            for (int i=0;i<featureDefn.GetFieldCount();i++) {
                FieldDefn fieldDefn = featureDefn.GetFieldDefn(i);
                System.out.print(fieldDefn.GetName() + ": ");
                System.out.println(fieldDefn.GetFieldType());  // ogrConstants中定义的常量
            }

            // 迭代器
            SimpleFeatureIterator iterator = (SimpleFeatureIterator) featureCollection.features();
            // 装配
            while (iterator.hasNext()) {
                SimpleFeature simpleFeature = iterator.next();
                Feature feature = new Feature(featureDefn);
                // FID
                String fid = simpleFeature.getID();
                feature.SetFID(Integer.parseInt(fid.substring(fid.lastIndexOf(".") + 1)));
                // 这行代码可以提取simpleFeature中的属性值,但不能写入新生成的gdal dxf属性中。
                // 如果simpleFeature的的字段与"ExtendedEntity","SubClasses","Text","EntityHandle","Linetype","Layer"等吻合,则可以按对应的值写入。
                // 本例子的t.shp属性不一致,所以没有遍历填入
                // Collection<Property> properties = simpleFeature.getProperties();

                // 写入"Layer"字段值
                feature.SetField("Layer", layer0);
                // 几何信息,WKT
                Geometry geometry = ogr.CreateGeometryFromWkt(simpleFeature.getDefaultGeometry().toString());
                feature.SetGeometry(geometry);
                // layer添加feature
                layer.CreateFeature(feature);
            }

            // 关闭迭代
            iterator.close();
            // 关闭对象连接
            dataSource.delete();

            // 以下几行代码判断Feature的写入数量
            DataSource source = ogr.Open(out,0);
            boolean code = featureCollection.size() == source.GetLayer(0).GetFeatureCount();
            System.out.println("\n判断写入前后Feature数量是否相等: " + code);
            source.delete();

        } catch (Throwable e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

运行时可以带虚拟机参数:

-Djava.library.path="/usr/lib/jni"
  • 输出结果:
Layer: 4
SubClasses: 4
ExtendedEntity: 4
Linetype: 4
EntityHandle: 4
Text: 4
BlockName: 4
BlockScale: 3
BlockAngle: 2

判断写入前后Feature数量是否相等: true
      具体流程见代码中的注释,执行无误后得到文件/home/shanks/shp/test_shp/dxf/dxf.dxf,可在AutoCAD、QGIS、ArcGIS中打开。可见只需用geotools框架将geojson、kml、gml3等数据解析成FeatureCollection中间对象,很容易将其转为dxf文件。
非常抱歉,作为AI语言模型,我没有直接的能力进行Java程序设计和运行。但是,您可以使用Java库来实现dxf到shp的换。以下是一些可能会对您有帮助的Java库和示例: 1. GeoTools - 一个用于处理地理空间数据的开源Java库,可以处理dxf和shp格式。它提供了很多示例代码和文档。 2. JTS Topology Suite - 一个用于处理地理空间数据的Java库,也可以处理dxf和shp格式。它提供了许多示例代码和文档。 3. GDAL - 一个用于处理各种地理空间数据格式的C++/Java库,支持dxf和shp格式。它还提供了Java接口和示例代码。 使用这些库,您可以编写Java代码来实现dxf到shp的换。以下是一个基本的示例代码使用GeoTools库: ``` import org.geotools.data.*; import org.geotools.data.simple.SimpleFeatureCollection; import org.geotools.data.simple.SimpleFeatureIterator; import org.geotools.data.simple.SimpleFeatureSource; import org.geotools.feature.simple.SimpleFeatureBuilder; import org.geotools.feature.simple.SimpleFeatureTypeBuilder; import org.geotools.geojson.feature.FeatureJSON; import org.geotools.geometry.jts.JTSFactoryFinder; import org.locationtech.jts.geom.*; import org.locationtech.jts.io.WKTReader; import org.locationtech.jts.io.WKTWriter; import org.opengis.feature.simple.*; import org.opengis.feature.type.*; import java.io.*; import java.util.*; import java.util.zip.*; import org.w3c.dom.*; import javax.xml.parsers.*; import java.nio.charset.Charset; public class DxfToShpConverter { private static GeometryFactory geometryFactory = JTSFactoryFinder.getGeometryFactory(null); public static void main(String[] args) { String dxfFileName = "input.dxf"; String shpFileName = "output.shp"; try { SimpleFeatureCollection features = getFeaturesFromDxf(dxfFileName); writeFeaturesToShp(features, shpFileName); System.out.println("Conversion completed successfully!"); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("Error during conversion: " + e.getMessage()); } } private static SimpleFeatureCollection getFeaturesFromDxf(String dxfFileName) throws Exception { SimpleFeatureType featureType = createFeatureType(); SimpleFeatureBuilder featureBuilder = new SimpleFeatureBuilder(featureType); List<SimpleFeature> features = new ArrayList<SimpleFeature>(); FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(dxfFileName); BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(fis); ZipInputStream zis = new ZipInputStream(bis); ZipEntry entry = zis.getNextEntry(); while (entry != null) { String fileName = entry.getName(); if (fileName.endsWith(".xml") && entry.getSize() > 0) { DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance(); DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder(); Document doc = db.parse(zis); Node node = doc.getElementsByTagName("Entities").item(0); NodeList nodeList = node.getChildNodes(); for (int i = 0; i < nodeList.getLength(); i++) { Node childNode = nodeList.item(i); if (childNode.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) { Element element = (Element) childNode; if (element.getNodeName().equals("Line")) { LineString lineString = createLineStringFromElement(element); featureBuilder.add(lineString); SimpleFeature feature = featureBuilder.buildFeature(null); features.add(feature); } else if (element.getNodeName().equals("Circle")) { Polygon polygon = createPolygonFromCircleElement(element); featureBuilder.add(polygon); SimpleFeature feature = featureBuilder.buildFeature(null); features.add(feature); } // add more cases for other entities } } } entry = zis.getNextEntry(); } zis.close(); SimpleFeatureCollection featureCollection = DataUtilities.collection(features); return featureCollection; } private static LineString createLineStringFromElement(Element element) { Coordinate[] coordinates = new Coordinate[2]; String startX = element.getAttribute("StartX"); String startY = element.getAttribute("StartY"); String endX = element.getAttribute("EndX"); String endY = element.getAttribute("EndY"); coordinates[0] = new Coordinate(Double.parseDouble(startX), Double.parseDouble(startY)); coordinates[1] = new Coordinate(Double.parseDouble(endX), Double.parseDouble(endY)); LineString lineString = geometryFactory.createLineString(coordinates); return lineString; } private static Polygon createPolygonFromCircleElement(Element element) { String centerX = element.getAttribute("CenterX"); String centerY = element.getAttribute("CenterY"); String radius = element.getAttribute("Radius"); Coordinate centerCoordinate = new Coordinate(Double.parseDouble(centerX), Double.parseDouble(centerY)); double radiusValue = Double.parseDouble(radius); Polygon circlePolygon = createCirclePolygon(centerCoordinate, radiusValue); return circlePolygon; } private static Polygon createCirclePolygon(Coordinate center, double radius) { int numPoints = 32; Coordinate[] coordinates = new Coordinate[numPoints + 1]; for (int i = 0; i < numPoints; i++) { double angle = ((double) i / (double) numPoints) * Math.PI * 2.0; double x = radius * Math.cos(angle) + center.x; double y = radius * Math.sin(angle) + center.y; coordinates[i] = new Coordinate(x, y); } coordinates[numPoints] = coordinates[0]; LinearRing ring = geometryFactory.createLinearRing(coordinates); Polygon polygon = geometryFactory.createPolygon(ring, null); return polygon; } private static SimpleFeatureType createFeatureType() { SimpleFeatureTypeBuilder builder = new SimpleFeatureTypeBuilder(); builder.setName("Feature"); builder.add("geometry", Geometry.class); SimpleFeatureType featureType = builder.buildFeatureType(); return featureType; } private static void writeFeaturesToShp(SimpleFeatureCollection features, String shpFileName) throws IOException { File shapefile = new File(shpFileName); Map<String, Serializable> connectParams = new HashMap<String, Serializable>(); connectParams.put("url", shapefile.toURI().toURL()); connectParams.put("create spatial index", Boolean.TRUE); DataStoreFactorySpi factory = new ShapefileDataStoreFactory(); DataStore dataStore = factory.createNewDataStore(connectParams); SimpleFeatureType featureType = createFeatureType(); dataStore.createSchema(featureType); String typeName = dataStore.getTypeNames()[0]; SimpleFeatureSource featureSource = dataStore.getFeatureSource(typeName); if (featureSource instanceof SimpleFeatureStore) { SimpleFeatureStore featureStore = (SimpleFeatureStore) featureSource; featureStore.addFeatures(features); } dataStore.dispose(); } } ``` 请根据您的具体需求进行修改和裁剪,特别是在创建地理空间对象时使用不同的代码。
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