Immediate Decodability

本文探讨了二进制编码的立即可解性概念,即一个符号的编码不能是另一个符号编码的前缀。介绍了如何通过程序判断一组二进制码是否满足立即可解性条件,并提供了具体的输入输出示例及代码实现。

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Description

An encoding of a set of symbols is said to be immediately decodable if no code for one symbol is the prefix of a code for another symbol. We will assume for this problem that all codes are in binary, that no two codes within a set of codes are the same, that each code has at least one bit and no more than ten bits, and that each set has at least two codes and no more than eight.

Examples: Assume an alphabet that has symbols {A, B, C, D}


The following code is immediately decodable:


A:01 B:10 C:0010 D:0000


but this one is not:

A:01 B:10 C:010 D:0000 (Note that A is a prefix of C)

Input

Write a program that accepts as input a series of groups of records from a data file. Each record in a group contains a collection of zeroes and ones representing a binary code for a different symbol. Each group is followed by a single separator record containing a single 9; the separator records are not part of the group. Each group is independent of other groups; the codes in one group are not related to codes in any other group (that is, each group is to be processed independently).

Output

For each group, your program should determine whether the codes in that group are immediately decodable, and should print a single output line giving the group number and stating whether the group is, or is not, immediately decodable.


The Sample Input describes the examples above.

Sample Input

01
10
0010
0000
9
01
10
010
0000
9

Sample Output

Set 1 is immediately decodable
Set 2 is not immediately decodable

HINT

//(如果任意一个串,均不是其它串的前缀则表明,is immediately decodable,否则is not immediately decodable)

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
int main()
{
	char a[100][100];
	int t=0,i,j,t1,t2,k,s=1;
	while(gets(a[t]))
	{
		t++;
		while(gets(a[t]))
		{
			if(a[t][0]=='9')
				break;
			t++;
		}
		for(i=0;i<t;i++)
		{
			t1=strlen(a[i]);
			for(j=i+1;j<t;j++)
			{
				//t2=strlen(a[j]);
				for(k=0;k<t1;k++)
				{
					if(a[i][k]!=a[j][k])//(is immediately decodable)
						break;
				}
				if(k==t1)//(is not immediately decodable)
					break;
			}
			if(j!=t)//(is not immediately decodable)
				break;
		}
		if(i==t)       
            printf("Set %d is immediately decodable\n",s);
		else
            printf("Set %d is not immediately decodable\n",s);
	
		//for(i=0;i<t;i++)
			//printf("%s\n",a[i]);
	    //printf("\n");	
		t=0;
		s++;
	}
	return 0;
}

 //参考他人代码

单模式匹配算法:给定一个单词和一个字符串,查看字符串中是否存在该单词,通过调用strstr函数进行匹配;

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
 
using namespace std ;
 
int main()  
{
    char word[1000][20] ;
    int t = 1 ;
    while(cin >> word[0])  
	{
        int i = 1 ;
        while(cin >> word[i++])
            if(strcmp(word[i-1],"9")==0)
                break ;
        bool flag = true ;
        i--;
        for(int j = 0 ; j < i ; j++)//每一行均与其它进行比较 
		{
            char *p = NULL ;
            for(int k = 0 ; k < i ; k++)    
			{
                if(j == k)
                    continue ;
                p = strstr(word[j],word[k]) ;//第j行在其它行(k)中遍历,看是否是其前缀。
                 if(p == word[j]) 
	      {
                    flag = false ;
                    break ;
                }
            }
            if(flag == false)
                break ;
        }
        if(flag)
            printf("Set %d is immediately decodable\n",t++) ;
        else
            printf("Set %d is not immediately decodable\n",t++) ;
	}
    return 0 ;
}

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/NYNU-ACM/p/4237326.html

在信息技术(IT)领域,“immediate”通常指即时性或直接性的概念,具体含义可能因上下文不同而有所变化。以下是几个常见的与“immediate”相关的IT技术和概念: --- ### 1. Immediate Mode Rendering (立即模式渲染) 这是一种图形处理技术,在计算机图形学中广泛使用。在这种模式下,应用程序会向图形硬件发送一系列命令以绘制对象,而不是将这些指令存储起来供以后执行。 这种技术的特点是高效但缺乏持久性,因为一旦绘图命令被执行完毕,数据就会被丢弃。 ```cpp // 示例代码片段:OpenGL中的Immediate Mode glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES); glVertex3f(0, 0, 0); // 定义顶点坐标 glVertex3f(1, 0, 0); glVertex3f(0, 1, 0); glEnd(); ``` --- ### 2. Real-Time Data Processing (实时数据处理) “Real-time”可以理解为一种“immediate”的形式,指的是系统能够快速响应输入并在极短时间内提供输出。例如流数据分析平台(如Apache Kafka、Spark Streaming)能够在接收到数据后几乎立刻对其进行处理和反馈。 --- ### 3. Immediate Execution Environment (即刻执行环境) 某些编程语言支持交互式的解释器或REPL(Read-Eval-Print Loop),允许开发者直接运行代码并查看结果。Python 和 JavaScript 的控制台就是典型的例子。 ```python # Python REPL 示例 >>> x = 5 + 3 >>> print(x) 8 ``` --- ### 4. Immediate Feedback Systems (即时反馈系统) 这类系统用于监控关键指标并向用户提供及时的信息更新。例如,DevOps 中的 CI/CD 流程会在每次提交代码后自动触发测试,并迅速通知开发人员是否存在错误。 --- ### 5. Immediate Access Memory (即时访问内存) 一些高性能计算场景需要低延迟的数据存取能力。“Immediate access memory”描述的是那些可以直接由处理器读写的高速缓存区域,比如 CPU 寄存器或者 L1 缓存。 --- ### 6. Immediate Notifications (即时通知) 现代应用和服务经常依赖推送通知来确保用户获得最新动态。无论是电子邮件提醒还是移动设备上的消息弹窗,都属于这一范畴。 --- 问题
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