【cmd】IF ELSE 复制(copy)文件问题

cmd中复制文件COPY命令一般都不会有问题，但是如果把COPY放在IF ELSE中可能导致批处理文件无法运行。

测试场景

文件夹结构如下：

test
|—folder1
|—|—a(b).txt
|—folder2

选择是否从folder1文件夹复制a(b).txt文件到folder2文件夹。

测试1

不进行选择交互，直接复制，脚本如下：

@echo off & setlocal EnableDelayedExpansion

set currentDir=!cd!

DEL /Q !currentDir!\folder2\*.* 

copy !currentDir!\folder1\a(b).txt !currentDir!\folder2

保存为test.bat文件后执行结果：

已复制         1 个文件。
请按任意键继续. . .

copy复制语句似乎没有问题。

测试2

修改以上脚本，添加选择交互：

@echo off & setlocal EnableDelayedExpansion

set /p yesno=是否复制(0:否，1:是): 

set currentDir=!cd!

DEL /Q !currentDir!\folder2\*.*

if !yesno! equ 1 ( 
    copy !currentDir!\folder1\a(b).txt !currentDir!\folder2
)else (
    echo 没复制
)

pause

保存为test.bat文件后执行,发现一闪而过，看不到什么报错。

解决

经过多次测试，发现将copy中的路径用双引号(“”)包裹起来就可以了。

@echo off & setlocal EnableDelayedExpansion

set /p yesno=是否复制(0:否，1:是): 

set currentDir=!cd!

DEL /Q !currentDir!\folder2\*.*

if !yesno! equ 1 ( 
    copy "!currentDir!\folder1\a(b).txt" !currentDir!\folder2
)else (
    echo 没复制
)

pause

由此可见，应该是路径中某些符号没有转义导致的，目测是文件名中的()，修改脚本，用^将()转义：

@echo off & setlocal EnableDelayedExpansion

set /p yesno=是否复制(0:否，1:是): 

set currentDir=!cd!

DEL /Q !currentDir!\folder2\*.*

if !yesno! equ 1 ( 
    copy !currentDir!\folder1\a^(b^).txt !currentDir!\folder2
)else (
    echo 没复制
)

pause

运行结果：

是否复制(0:否，1:是): 1
已复制         1 个文件。
请按任意键继续. . .

总结

虽然测试1中直接执行复制没问题，但是，将同样的语句放入IF ELSE中居然无法执行，还很难定位问题在哪里，所以解决方法是最好把路径放在双引号(“”)里面，就不用担心这个问题了，如果不这样就在IF ELSE中的路径把特殊字符转义。附上CMD中特殊字符转义说明。

Character to be escaped	Escape Sequence	Remark
%	%%	May not always be required in doublequoted strings, just try
^	^^	May not always be required in doublequoted strings, but it won’t hurt
&	^&	May not always be required in doublequoted strings, but it won’t hurt
<	^<	May not always be required in doublequoted strings, but it won’t hurt
>	^>	May not always be required in doublequoted strings, but it won’t hurt
‘	^’	Required only in the FOR /F “subject” (i.e. between the parenthesis), unless backqis used
`	^`	Required only in the FOR /F “subject” (i.e. between the parenthesis), if backq is used
,	^,	Required only in the FOR /F “subject” (i.e. between the parenthesis), even in doublequoted strings
;	^;	Required only in the FOR /F “subject” (i.e. between the parenthesis), even in doublequoted strings
=	^=	Required only in the FOR /F “subject” (i.e. between the parenthesis), even in doublequoted strings
(	^(	Required only in the FOR /F “subject” (i.e. between the parenthesis), even in doublequoted strings
)	^)	Required only in the FOR /F “subject” (i.e. between the parenthesis), even in doublequoted strings
!	^^!	Required only when delayed variable expansion is active
“	“”	Required only inside the search pattern of FIND
\	\\	Required only inside the regex pattern of FINDSTR
[	\[	Required only inside the regex pattern of FINDSTR
]	\]	Required only inside the regex pattern of FINDSTR
\	\\	Required only inside the regex pattern of FINDSTR
.	\.	Required only inside the regex pattern of FINDSTR
*	\*	Required only inside the regex pattern of FINDSTR
?	\?	Required only inside the regex pattern of FINDSTR

参考：http://www.robvanderwoude.com/escapechars.php

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